behavior modification i lecture 10. changing our behavior n behavior modification: systematically...
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Behavior Modification I
Lecture 10
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Changing Our Behavior
Behavior modification:
Systematically applying behavior principles to the task of changing someone’s target behavior
… our own or someone else’s.
Janice & John Baldwin
Operant conditioning principles ~
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Some Applications
Personal physical fitness motivation
Psychotherapy panic attacks phobias
Special education basic life skills social skills ~
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Steps in Behavior Modification
Scientific use of behavior (learning) principles Goal setting Behavioral Definitions Functional Analysis Objective measurement Data collection Evaluation ~
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Goal Setting
Identify target behavior the one we wish to change
Excesses undesirable behaviors
Deficits lack certain skills
Developing human potential self-actualization ~
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Excesses
Deficits
Human Potential
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Behavioral Definitions
Careful definition of target behavior detailed objective measurable in numerical units
Example vague: I want to study more. effective: On every study day, I want to
study 30 minutes longer per day. ~
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Chains of Behavior
Accomplishment of overall goal Target behavior defined in smaller operant
units linked together in chain of activities
Can focus on weakest links first divide it into smaller behavioral units
Basic skills --> integrated whole avoid coaches’ trap ~
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Behavioral Definitions: Advantages Establishes performance level
reward when goal attained no reward for suboptimal performance
Helps create rules to solve problems if goals not being met how to address shortfall
Helps evaluate merit of behavior changes is it producing the desired effect? is a different approach needed? ~
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Functional Analysis
Identify controlling (maintaining) variables Antecedents Consequences Hypotheses on role of behavior ABC model (SD : B SR)
Used to create behavioral interventions reduce unwanted behaviors while encouraging desirable one ~
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Functional Analysis Antecedents
promote target behavior inhibit target behavior
Behavior desired / undesired other behaviors
Consequences promote target behavior inhibit target behavior
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Functional Analysis: Example Self-injurious behavior (SIB)
Iwata et al Antecedent
parents attention directed elsewhere Behavior
SIB Consequence
attention directed towards child Operant phenomena? ~
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Functional Analysis: Example or… Antecedent
direct child to eat stewed tomatoes Behavior
SIB Consequence
demand withdrawn Operant phenomena? ~
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Objective Measurement
Behavior and controlling stimuli Objectively record
quantifiable form timing frequency
Establish baseline for behavior~
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Objective Measurement Example: Reduce smoking Form
# of packs, cigarettes, or puffs? practical choice of measurement
Frequency ratio of count & length of observation
Timing duration of behavior ~
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Objective Measurement Other useful measures
% of task completed groups: # or % of people completing task rating scales: qualitative behaviors
Use combination of scales No predetermined scale for a behavior
quality of social contacts, not number or vice versa depends on individual’s goals ~
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Data Collection
Collect & record data graphs checklists Notebooks ABC Diaries, etc.
About ABC Antecedents, Behavior, Consequences ~
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ABC Diary for Child’s TantrumsAntecedents (A) Behavior (B) Consequences (C)
We turned off TV
22 minNo TV. We tried to comfort him
He demanded a glass of water at bedtime
24 minWe finally gave him water
After a bedtime story
18 minWe left the room
Had turned of TV
26 minSent him to his room
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Data Collection: Methods
Direct observation Indirect observation
results of behavior Questionnaires / interviews Goal
how is behavior function of antecedents & consequences ~
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Evaluation Evaluate all steps
functional analysis See convincing behavioral changes?
Inspect records/graphs Criteria
normalcy health & personal adjustment consumer satisfaction
Importance of practical criteria i.e., 50% decline in arson behavior? ~