behavorial science(1)

7/31/2019 Behavorial Science(1)

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WE CARE FOR YOU

Sensitizing youth towards differentlyabled


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Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments,activity limitations, and participation restrictions.

An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual

in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an

individual in involvement in life situations.

Thus disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting aninteraction between features of apersons body and features ofthe society in which he or she lives.


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People with disabilities are among the most marginalizedgroups in the world. People with disabilities have poorerhealth outcomes, lower education achievements, lesseconomic participation and higher rates of poverty than

people without disabilities.

Disability is now understood to be a human rights issue.People are disabled by society, not just by their bodies.

These barriers can be overcome, if governments,nongovernmental organizations, professionals and peoplewith disabilities and their families work together.


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1. Over a billion people live with some form of disability.This corresponds to about 15% of the world's population. Between 110-

190 million people have very significant difficulties in functioning. Rates ofdisability are increasing, due to population ageing and the global increase inchronic health conditions.

2. Disability disproportionately affects vulnerable populations.

Lower-income countries have a higher prevalence of disability thanhigher-income countries. Disability is more common among women,older people and children and adults who are poor.

3. People with disabilities often do not receive needed health care.Half of disabled people cannot afford health care, compared to a thirdof non-disabled people. People with disabilities are more than twice aslikely to find health-care providers' skills inadequate. Disabled people arefour times more likely to report being treated badly and nearly threetimes more likely to be denied health care.


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4. Children with disabilities are less likely to attend school than non-disabled children.

Education completion gaps are found across all age groups in all settings,

with the pattern more pronounced in poorer countries. For example, the differencebetween the percentage of disabled children and the percentage of non-disabledchildren attending primary school ranges from 10% in India to 60% in Indonesia.

5. People with disabilities are more likely to be unemployed than non-disabled people.

Global data show that employment rates are lower for disabled men (53%)and disabled women (20%) than for non-disabled men (65%) and non-disabledwomen (30%). In OECD countries, the employment rate of people with disabilities(44%) was slightly over half that for people without disabilities (75%).

6. People with disabilities are vulnerable to poverty.

People with disabilities have worse living conditionsincludinginsufficient food, poor housing, lack of access to safe water and sanitationthannon-disabled people. Because of extra costs such as medical care, assistive devicesor personal support, people with disabilities are generally poorer than non-disabledpeople with similar income.


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7. Rehabilitation helps to maximize functioning and support independence.In many countries rehabilitation services are inadequate. Data from four

Southern African countries found that only 2655% of people received the medical

rehabilitation they needed, while only 1737% received the assistive devices they needed(e.g. wheelchairs, prostheses, hearing aids).

8. People with disabilities can live and participate in the community.Even in high-income countries, between 20% and 40% of people with

disabilities do not generally have their needs met for assistance with everyday activities.In the United States of America, 70% of adults rely on family and friends for assistancewith daily activities.

9. Disabling barriers can be overcome.

Governments can:promote access to mainstream services;invest in specific programmes for people with disabilities;adopt a national strategy and plan of action;improve staff education, training and recruitment.


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10. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)promotes, protects and ensures the human rights for all people withdisabilities.

So far, nearly 150 countries and regional integration organizations havesigned the Convention, and 100 have ratified it. The WHO/World Bank report providesthe best available scientific evidence to improve the health and well-being of people

with disabilities in line with the CRPD.


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Reading

Disability

(Dyslexia)

Written

Expression

Disorder

(Dysgraphia)

Math

Disorder

(Dyscalculia)

Nonverbal

Learning

Disability

Reading

Difficulties

Spelling

Difficulties

Handwriting

Difficulties

Math

Difficulties

Visual-Spatial

& Social

Difficulties

Writing

Difficulties


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The Persons with Disability Act 1995

The Act is guided by the philosophy ofempowering persons with disabilities and theirassociates. The endeavor of the Act has been tointroduce an instrument for promoting equalityand participation of persons with disability on

the one hand, and eliminating discriminations ofall kinds, on the other.


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The Mental Health Act, 1987

An Act to consolidate and amend the lawrelating to the treatment and care of mentally illpersons, to make better provision with respect totheir properly and affairs and for mattersconnected therewith or incidental thereto.


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