Behold My Swarthy (Incomplete and Not so Helpful) Japanese Grammar Guide

by Beholdmyswarthyface

2004

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Table of Contents

Chapter One: Some Example Sentences, With Grammar Points Highlighted

3 - 31

Chapter Two: Notes from A Reference Grammar of Japanese

8 - 32

Chapter Three : Further Reading

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Chapter One Some Example Sentences, With Grammar Points Highlighted * *The height of rudeness. *.The film was so moving that I cried. *. It was a most uncomfortable conversation. *. *, .While studying at school, I also worked part-time. CF: Nagara, katagata. *, . Often used for excuses. * *~like (e.g. springlike). *Experience is what counts. *. Mono ka usually include nante or nanka. * * * * * * * * * * *() * * * * * * * *3

82-90: *() * * * * * * * * * * * * * *One of her typical replies. * * * * * * * * * * *() * * *

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11/11/06- *() *() * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. * * * *()5

* * * * * * *, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *6

* *. * *() * * * *(). *5000

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Chapter Two Notes from A Reference Grammar of Japanese 1. RESTRICTIVES AND QUASI-RESTRICTIVES fresh from the sort of; per. the one addressed toper; : aboutapproximately. : after the fashion of. : classified by; excluding. : coated/plated with; at discount of. : the level/mark of. : (one that is) the size of. (): amount of/at least/exactly; just for being. () : the product/graduate of produced by/at : far from being/doing; hardly : up to (the limit of). : according to, like, as. : (those) in company with. : requiring as much as, taking. ; :garbed in; multiplied by; ten percent of. . : by the nature of. : around the age of, about, around : by about (a percent, a price level). : traveling between; commuting to. : across/beyond, over. : each, every. : inclusive of, with . . . and all. : throughout, the whole/entire. : and beyond. : after, since, hereafter. : below, under, less than. 8

: after, since. : odd, and a few. : within, inside of; less than. : all through; within, before the end of. under : to the extent of; limited to, only. : (one who is) of about (age); with the look of. : between A and B; the interval of. : by route of, via. : about (an amount of). : . : the most N in all of. : exact amount. including: : traditional/native to. : all the way (to/from). : a drop-out from : . : in a mood of, in a state of, in confusion of. : at the moment right before. : . : not yet fully, under (age/amount) : imitating, in the style : bound, intended for. : suitable for. : approximately. : in the middle of. : an ordinary example of, : approximately to, to be expected of: : at intervals of; skipping (every so many). : : depending on : reared. : (a price) of the order of. : attired in. : less than. 9

: : : at rate of . : about, approximately. : a lineup, an array of. : weariness from. : dated . . : by dint/force of; purely out of. : adorned with, swathed in, full of. : face of. : following along. (?)

2. DESCRIPTIVE PREDICATES 3. CONVERSTION POSSIBILITIES keeps on doing/happens over and over: when about to. Its ones aim to It is natural that . . .

It is all one can do. .

4. POSTNOMINAL VERBS AND ADJECTIVES

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Turns to . Behaves like Becomes like. Shows signs of. Becomes like. Resembles, is close to Looks. Is like. Gives feeling of being (bad)

5. ADJECTIVES/ADJECTIVAL NOUNS THAT VERBALIZE : : : : : : : : : hungry : : : : : Is impatiently awaited. : : :11

6. LEXICAL NEGATIVES : noncombatant : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : demobilized misconduct; profligate without notice impolite; awkward unsociable reluctance unpopular inexperienced negligent nonpayment uncontrolled

7. SOME VERB INFINITIVES : to point; subtract.

8. ADVERBIAZATION: THE CONCURRENT-CONCESSIVE (NAGARA)

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: : : : : : : : : : : : : :

inadequate though I am indirectly, casually

in my own small way despite my intentions from ones armchair, without stirring

incidentally if I may presume

9. VERBAL INFITIVE(+) : : : : : : : : : () :

:

: : , : Tends to; seems to.

10. LITERARY NEGATIVE INFINITIVE ()

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11. LIST OF INFINITIVE-ATTACHED AUXILIARY VERBS A. RECRIPOCAL

B. INCHOATIVE or INCEPTIVE : : :

C. COMPLETIVE : : : : Stops in the midst of doing

: . Finishes with; carries through to completion. D. INTENSIVE : : : Does vigorously and with concentration

E. CONTINUATIVE : F. HABITUATIVE : ,:

Makes habit of.14

: :

G. ITERATIVE : Repeats the doing of. Transitive verbs only : Redoes DIFFERENTLY. : Redoes DIFFERENTLY AND BETTER H. EFFECTIVE : manages to do, succeeds in doing :

I. INEFFECTIVE : wearies of doing; fails Misdoes.

: :

:

: Cant do; finds it difficult to do. : : . : Too late; misses doing. J. DEPLETIVE : : : : Fails to do : Begrudges doing; is reluctant to. K. INGRESSIVE : 15

Is finally reduced to.

L. EGRESSIVE : M. OTHER : Misses doing. : : : Masters the doing of. : : But : - easy to misread. : : : Does it all the way; achieves () : Omits doing, neglects doing. : what the shit are you doing? : : , : : Not quite fully unclouded. :

12. PHRASAL POSTPOSITIONS : : : : : : : :16

with Noun as keynote, basis modeling after N

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : through the good offices of under the auspices of in compensation to make up for N, by way of compensation for N on the supposition that S saying nothing of . . . despite (regardless) of under the assumed name of N every three days of less in common with in collusion/conspiracy with with Noun as a pledge with Noun as a starter in retaliation for Noun on the strength/grounds/pretext of Noun out of respect for Noun setting ones sights on N on the model of as the momentum, turning point

13. MORE PHRASAL POSTPOSITIONS : : : : : : aboard a ship; availing oneself of, taking advantage of17

hand in hand with/coupled, conjoined with taking on (as opponent), against in conformity with in expectation/hope of; arranged for (in anticipation of)

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : /: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : in consideration/appreciation of, in reward for out of consideration/respect for in expectation/anticipation with . . . in mind; contemplating instead of, on behalf of in the guise of, posing as; full-fledged18

corresponding to, applicable, deserving

in obedience to/in obeisance sandwiched/caught between in contrast to inclusive of, including on the verge of in proportion to, proportionally with alluding to depending on; irrespective of, in spite of under pretext/ pretense of combing (for a dual purpose) in view of, in light of, taking a lesson from calculated in terms of, converted to modeling/patterning after the manner of, imitation of in competition for for/in fear of in agreement with/ in response to independently of, irrespective of of all the possibilities of/to . . .. under the pretense of inclusive of, including in defiance of in conspiracy with

() : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

patterning/modeling after, in imitation of in the light of, in view/consideration of following (pattern/precedent), in accordance with supplementary to in spite of, braving, in the teeth of with banners raised, displaying in front

at the time of, in case of

: in conformity with; conforming to; based/founded on corresponding to; proportionate to; meriting complying with, satisfying (peering) through . Coaxing, persuading compared/checked/tallied with under the burden of in light of with reference to, by association with; associated with by way of, via through (the medium of), through good offices of through (the medium of), via; throughout, all over in connection with in company with judging from/by, in light of in expectation/anticipation of taking advantage of in conformity to, in pursuance of in adjustment/accommodation with, in sympathy in proportion to/ according to/as

: : : : : : : : with :

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14. LIST OF ADVERBS A. Adverbs of Time : at present. (). recently lately : the other day, recently, in advance of. (1)(2) at present/for the present : for the present : at first glance just then in advance already; now; so soon (temporal) (spatial) hitherto before long, before long, soon in the near future by and by; eventually sooner or later finally ///: any moment; very nearly at last at last (literary)20

in the end : before it happens later on in later years B. Adverbs of Duration (1)(2) 10 . Coldest winter in 10 years. : All year round. without letup /// C. Adverbs of Speed

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On the spot. (1)(2) impetuously, at full speed hastily, hurriedly suddenly suddenly bursting out suddenly readily, on short notice D. Adverbs of Frequency (just) once once or twice more than once in rapid succession; in large numbers repeatedly, again, twice again (undesirable)22

yet again (gratuitously) from time to time Apt to. often over and over over and over again often year after year :Morning and evening morning after morning day after day night after night daily from time to time (literary) E. Adverbs combining Time and Frequency often before anew F. Adverbs of PLACE or ORDER afar, at a distance (1)(2) : () by turns, one after another ()successively, in order in order

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G. Adverbs of Degree (and Quantity) : absolutely; wholly : wholly mostly, one the whole, for the most part all there is, the whole thing to the utmost, as best one can exceedingly, exceptionally; unexpectedly remarkably. lavishly, lots). in droves lots quite a lot extremely much; thoroughly mostly very (adjectival noun) very (adjectival noun) greatly greatly generally in general (2)24

entirely; (not) at all around, about, nearly no less than, as many as, approximately almost, about (as noun: gist) roughly, approximately; briefly, sketchily slightly, a little entirely : much more/less (1):(2) briefly, roughly; as usual; tentatively H. Adverbs of Manner conspicuously placed

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earnest. I. Adverbs of Evaluation Most, best 26

admirable more/worse than ever J. Adverbs of Logical Relation (1) (2) (3) (4) sorta, somewhat; for some reason : as expected precisely; just 27

after all; probably in total. . .$ together separately, respectively, each precisely, nothing but id est what people call. . alias, aka especially especially. only, just, merely : at highest/most at the outside; at most, to the utmost mainly, exclusively K. Adverbs of Sentential Relation: Assertion and Prediction 28

by all means, necessarily (ought) L. DENIAL not wholly absolutely not (not) at all, (not) ever (not) at all (not) at all : M. PROHIBITION OR REFUSAL

(1)(2) N. SUPPOSITION 29

O. COMPARISON (1) ; (2) ; (3) P. MISCELLANEOUS ): .

15. LIST OF COMMON CONSTRUCTIONS OFTEN PRECEDED BY DIRECT NOMINALIZATION () 30

: : : : : 16. CONNECTORS AND SENTENCE-OPENERS; OPENING ELLIPSIS 31

to put it bluntly : to tell the truth. . . : what it boils down to is. . I am told that . . bear in mind that . . . nonetheless

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Chapter Three Further Reading

1. http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewList.php 2. Samuel E. Martin. A Reference Grammar of Japanese. Imprint Rutland, Vt. : C.E. Tuttle Co. 1988. 3. Kakuko Shoji. Core Words and Phrases: Things you can't find in a dictionary.

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