being tips old healthy in japan3 preface by 2025, one in every 3 people will be the elderly, and...

IN JAPANOLD & HEALTHY

BEING

International Longevity Center-Japan

Tips

3

Preface

■　■　■　■

By 2025, one in every 3 people will be the elderly, and

people will be expected to live till 90 in Japan.

Even when older people account for 1/3 of the

population, we all have different images of them. But the

real picture of older people is not well known.

This booklet introduces the real image of Japanese

older people, using figures to make it easy to understand.

Japanese older people have become able to enjoy

health and longevity before other countries. There are

wonderful opportunities for them to play active roles in a

variety of settings in a society.

We don’t need to be afraid of getting old in Japan!

We hope this booklet gives you some hints.

International Longevity Center-Japan

Contents■　■　■　■

Preface ................................................................................................ 3

Population65+ population is skyrocketing .................................................... 5

Life expectancy has doubled in 100 years ................................. 6

The number of centenarians has grown by

over 300 times in 50 years ......................................................... 7

The majority of older people actually live in urban areas ...... 8

In Setagaya City (in Tokyo), 6 centenarians live in every 1km2.... 9

LifeBy 2030, about 70% of the households headed

by people aged 65+ will consist only of the elderly ............. 10

Over 90% of older people live at home .................................... 11

About 80% of older people rate their health as “fair” or better ... 12

Internet? No problem! ................................................................ 13

Women are particularly interested in fashion ........................ 14

The average income per person is not much different by age .. 15

About 70% of income comes from pensions .......................... 16

Health & Long-Term CareHealthcare spending is lower than other developed countries ... 17

Longer life with less healthcare spending .............................. 18

People spend half of the lifetime healthcare money

at age70 and over ...................................................................... 19

How to cure a cold differs by country ....................................... 20

Over 80% of older people “do not need care” ........................ 21

Dementia strategies are in urgent need ................................. 22

Almost 90% of people die in a hospital or institution .......... 23

WorkLabor force participation rate is at the top level

among developed countries..................................................... 24

Older people are as capable of doing good work

as younger people ..................................................................... 25

Human Resource people have positive attitudes toward

employment after the retirement age ................................... 26

Japanese life at a glance ............................................................... 27

5

65+ population is skyrocketing

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055

Total

Aged 15-64

30.5

40.5

Aged 65+Aged 0-14

（%）50

40

30

20

10

0

(1,000 people)

(%)

(Year)

140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1955 65 75 85 95 2005 15 25 35 45 55

% of the elderly

National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Population Projection for Japan, 2006

Population Population aging: Estimates and projections

While Japanese total population has been

decreasing since 2007, 65+ population

will increase dramatically until 2015.

The proportion of the elderly will reach

30% in 2025 and 40% in 2055.

6

(Years)

(Year)

80

70

60

50

401891～98

1921～25

1935 1947 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2000 2005 2008 2009 2010

WomenMen

44.3043.20

49.63

53.96

67.75

72.92

76.89

80.4882.85

84.60 85.52 86.05 86.44 86.39

42.8042.06

46.9250.06

63.60

67.74

71.7374.78

76.38 77.72 78.56 79.29 79.59 79.64

Life expectancy has doubled in 100 years

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Life Table and Abridged Life Table

Population Trends in life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy has

increased by about 40

years in the last 100 year,

from 44 to 83 years.

7

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

01963 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050153 310 968 3,298 13,03644,449

128,000

273,000

420,000

683,000

(Year)

(people)

Projections

The number of centenarians has grown by over 300 times in 50 years

-2010: Report from each prefecture based on Basic Resident Register,2020-: National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Population Projection for Japan, 2006　

Population Trends in the number of centenarians

The number of centenarians has

grown by over 300 times from 150 to

53,000 (in 2012) over the last 50

years. It will further grow to 680,000

by 2050!

8

0 20 40 60 80 100

Growth rate of 65+ population by prefecture: 2005-2035

The number of 65+ people in 8 metropolitan areas (2010)

＞75%50%-75%25%-50%＜25%

Tokyo metropolitanareas

Total of 8 metropolitan areas:

13, 258,000 (45.1%)

Other

National Total: 29,412,000 people

(%)

8 metropolitan areas: Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba, Aichi, Osaka, Hyogo and Fukuoka

The majority of older people actually live in urban areas

National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Population Projection by Prefecture, 2007

Population The number of older people in metropolitan areas and the growth rate of the aged population by prefecture

About half of older

people live in 8

metropolitan areas. In

Tokyo metropolitan

area, the growth rate of

the aged population will

be over 50% between

2005 and 2035.

9

20,000

16,000

12,000

8,000

4,000

0

（千人）

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

(People)

(Year)

29.7%

15,680世帯（31.2%）

2010年

34.0%

36.3%

37.7%

19,031世帯（39.0%）

2003 2008 2011

2030年

29.9%

32.4%

単独

夫婦のみその他

Women

Men

Setagaya City Area:

About 58.08km2

25179

154

52271

219

44

287

331

In Setagaya City (in Tokyo), 6 centenarians live in every 1km2

Setagaya City Statistics Office, 2011

Population Trends in centenarian population in Setagaya City, Tokyo

331 centenarians

currently live in Setagaya

City, Tokyo, meaning 5.7

people in every 1km2.

10

（%）80

60

40

20

080歳以上70～79歳65～69歳60～64歳

20,000

16,000

12,000

8,000

4,000

0

(1,000 households)

(Year)

29.7%

15,680(31.2%)

2010

34.0%

36.3%

37.7%

19,031(39.0%)

2030

29.9%

32.4%

Single personCouple only

Other

63.470.1

37.6

57.0

27.7

39.2

14.520.3

平成20年末平成22年末

By 2030, about 70% of the households headed by people aged 65+ will consist only of the elderly

Life Types of households headed by people aged 65+

About 40% of all

households will

include

households

headed by people

aged 65+ by 2030,

of which about

70% will consist

only of the elderly

and about 40%

(the most common

type) will be

single-person

households.

National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Household Projection for Japan, 2008The numbers in ( ) indicate the proportions of households headed by people aged 65+ in the total households.

11

Home93.1%

3.2%

Hospitalsandclinics

3.7%

Socialwelfarefacilities

Over 90% of older people live at home

Life Where older people live

Over 90% of older people live at

home.

About 4% are institutionalized,

and about 3% are hospitalized.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Patient Survey, 2008Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Survey of Social Welfare Institutions, 2009Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Survey of Institutions and Establishments for Long-Term Care, 2009Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Population Estimates, 2009

12

About 80% of older people rate their health as “fair” or better

Life Subjective health status of older people

Good29.2%

Somewhat good21.3%

Fair26.2%

Somewhat bad18.8%

Bad4.4%

Cabinet Office, Attitude Survey on Older People’s Health, 2007

About 80% of people aged 65+

rate their health as “good” or

“fair.”

13

(%)

(Years)

80

60

40

20

08070～7965～6960～64

63.470.1

37.6

57.0

27.7

39.2

14.520.3

the end of 2008

the end of 2010

Internet? No problem!

Lifeし Internet usage by age group

The rate of internet usage among older

people has been increasing.

70% of people aged 60-64 and 40% of

people in their 70s use the internet.

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Communication Usage Trend Survey, 2010

14

Interested in fashion60.2%

Not interested39.8%

Not interested52.1%

Men

WomenBoth sexes

Not interested29.7% Interested

in fashion70.3%

Interested in fashion 47.9%

Women are particularly interested in fashion

Lifeし Interest in fashion

Cabinet Office, Attitude Survey on Older People’s Daily Living, 2009

60% of 60+ people are

interested in fashion.

Women are particularly

interested (70%).

15

(US$ 1,000)

(regrouped)

100

80

60

40

20

0 30

～

39

40

～

49

50

～

59

60

～

69

～

2965

～

70

～

37.99

20.65

69.57

22.59

85.63

25.59

92.36

31.42

68.08

27.30

51.30

23.59

54.16

24.19

Per household

Per person

Average income per household:US$ 69,359

Average income per person: US$ 26,161

The average income per person is not much different by age

Lifeし Average income by age group of household head

The average income of the elderly headed households is

54.16 thousands dollars, while that of the total households

is 69.36 thousands dollars (15.2 thousands more). Yet, the

average income per person is not that different: 24.19

thousands and 26.16 thousands dollars, respectively.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of the People on Health and Welfare, 2010

1$=79.24yen

16

Laborincome17.3%

Other5.7%

Social security other than pension0.8%

Asset income5.9%

Public pension70.2%

About 70% of income comes from pensions

Life Income sources of the elderly households

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of the People on Health and Welfare, 2010

Pension comprises about

70% of older people’s

income, and labor income

accounts for about 20%.

17

全国計

下記8都市計

東京

神奈川

埼玉

千葉

愛知

大阪

兵庫

福岡

20151050(%)

29,412

8.5

8.8

10.7

11.1

16.4

36,670

13,258

2,7293,6081,8282,5421,4682,0451,3201,8191,5031,9841,9882,4031,2961,6171,1261,436

17,454

2010年2030年

59.2Japan

UK

Germany

France

USA

＋7,256

＋4,196

Healthcare spending is lower than other developed countries

Health & Long-Term Care Healthcare spending as a percentage of GDP

Among developed countries, the size

of healthcare spending is relatively

small in Japan.

OECD Health Data, 2011

18

84

82

80

78

76

74

72

(Years)

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000(US$)

Japan

Spain

South Korea

Switzerland

USA

Hungary

Longer life with less healthcare spending

Health & Long-Term Care Average life expectancy and healthcare spending per person

OECD Health Data, 2011

Japan is achieving healthy

longevity with low healthcare

costs.

19

131

7148 40 44 58 66 73 83

101126

160

203

251

323350

319

233

122

44

9

(US$ 100)

(years)

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

00

～

4

5

～

9

10

～

14

15

～

19

20

～

24

25

～

29

30

～

34

35

～

39

40

～

44

45

～

49

50

～

54

55

～

59

60

～

64

65

～

69

70

～

74

75

～

79

80

～

84

85

～

89

90

～

94

95

～

99

100

～

People spend half of the lifetime healthcare money at age70 and over

Health & Long-Term Care Healthcare cost over a lifetime (both sexes)

The lifetime healthcare cost

per person is about 285,500

dollars. About half of it is

spent at age 70 and over.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Health Insurance BureauNote: Estimates are based on healthcare expenditure per capita by age group in FY2008 and static population according to 2008 Abridged Life Table.

1$=79.24yen

20

USA France UK Japan

Going to see a doctor 71% 57% 0% 43%

Going out to buy medication 0% 14% 100% 14%

Go nowhere 29% 29% 0% 43%

How to cure a cold differs by country

Health & Long-Term Care Older people’s health behavior

International Longevity Center-Japan, Aging -Our Global Relations, 2010

Q: You seem to have caught a cold waking up with high temperature (38 C̊), a sore throat and cough in the morning. What kind of action will you take?

I’d go to a hospital,

get medicine, keep

myself warm and

sleep.

38˚C is not a fever.

I’d live as usual.

I’d need to make an appointment to

see my doctor, usually on the next

day. I usually drive 40 minutes to

see the doctor.

It is natural to catch a cold. I

wouldn’t go to a hospital

because I don’t want to waste

doctors’ time.

21

By care level

Do not need care

82.9%

Need care

Needcare

65-74 2.2%75+ 14.9%

Support Level 1 ─ 2.2%

Support Level 2 ─ 2.3%

Care Level 1 ─ 3.1%





Over 80% of older people “do not need care”

Health & Long-Term Care Proportion of older people who need care

Only 17% of 65+ people need

care on a daily basis. People

with the highest care needs

(Care Level 5, likely to be

bedridden) account for 2%.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Report Survey on Situation of Long-term Care Insurance Service, June 2011

22

（%）80

60

40

20

0

(10,000 people)

(year)

500

400

300

200

100

0

80歳以上70～79歳65～69歳60～64歳

2010 2025

63.470.1

37.6

57.0

27.7

39.2

14.520.3

平成20年末平成22年末

280(9.5%)

470(12.8%)

Dementia strategies are in urgent need

Health & Long-Term Care The number and proportion of older people with dementia

The number of older

people with dementia is

expected to increase by

168% in 15 years, from

2.8 million in 2010 to

4.7 million in 2025.

Health and Welfare Bureau for the Elderly, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in August 24, 2012The numbers in ( ) indicate the proportions of people with dementia in total people aged 65+.

23

(%)

(year)

100

80

60

40

20

01951 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010

At home

Hospital, clinic, etc.

82.576.9

70.765.0

56.6

47.7

38.0

28.3

21.718.3

13.9 12.2 12.4 12.6

52.3

62.0

71.778.381.786.1 87.8 87.487.6

17.523.1

29.335.0

43.4

Almost 90% of people die in a hospital or institution

Health & Long-Term Care Changes in the place of death

In 1951, about 80% of people died

at home and 20% in a hospital.

But it reversed in 1974, and about

10% died at home and 90% in a

hospital, clinic, etc in 2010.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Vital Statistics, 2010

24

(%)30

20

10

0AustraliaCanada FranceGermany ItalyJapan Sweden UKUSA

WomenMen

29.1

15.416.2

2.4

5.7 5.7

16.7

11.3

22.1

6.87.5

1.12.8

1.3

16.1

7.76.4

13.8

Labor force participation rate is at the top level among developed countries

Work Labor force participation rates among people aged 65+

Japan has the highest

labor force participation

rate among developed

countries: 30% for men

and 16% for women.

OECD, Stat Extracts, 2010

25

(%)100

80

60

40

20

030s 40s 50s 60s

Excellent

Good

AverageInadequate

Older people are as capable of doing good work as younger people

Work Ability to work by age

The ability to work among workers aged

60+ is similar to that of workers in their

30s and 40s.

The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training, Study on Older People’s Physical and Other Abilities: Toward Employment until Age 70, 2009

26

6050403020100（%）

全国計

下記8都市計

Will employ positivelywhile considering

their abilities

Will employa part of them

Not thinking aboutit positively

N/A

東京

神奈川

埼玉

千葉

愛知

大阪

兵庫

福岡

29,41236,670

13,258

2,7293,6081,8282,5421,4682,0451,3201,8191,5031,9841,9882,4031,2961,6171,1261,436

17,454

2010年2030年

59.2

28.2

7.0

5.6

＋7,256

＋4,196

Human Resource people have positive attitudes toward employment after the retirement age

Work HR people’s attitudes toward employment of older people

About 90% of Japanese

companies have positive

attitudes toward

employment of people

aged 61-70.

The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training, Study on Older People’s Physical and Other Abilities: Toward Employment until Age 70, 2009

27

Japanese Life at A Glance 1

Life Stage Birth Children

1International Comparison

• Total Fertility Rate • Infant Mortarity Rate(infant death per 1,000 live births)

Japan 1.39 Japan 2.5

Korea 1.39 Korea 3.6

China 1.56 China 19.6

Thailand 1.53 Thailand 11.4

USA 2.08 USA 6.5

UK 1.87 UK 4.7

France 1.99 France 3.3

2

Indicator, Japan 1

Nowadays20 years ago40 years ago

• Total Fertility Rate

1.39(2010)1.54(1990)2.13(1970)

• The number of children on waiting list for nursery schools(people)25,556(2011)28,481(1995) —

3 Indicator, Japan 2

• Exp. Population(people)92mil.(2055)102mil.(2045)112mil.(2035)128mil.(2010)

• Annual Birth(people)1.06mil.(2011)1.22mil.(1991)2.7mil.(1949)(Baby-Boomers)

reference

1: UN World Population Prospects, 2010 Revision(2010-2015)

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Vital Statistics of Japan, 2012

2: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Vital Statistics of Japan, 2012

3: National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Population Projection for Japan, Jan. 2012

1: UN World Population Prospects, 2010 Revision

2: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Survey on Waiting Lists for Nursery Schools, 2001, 2012

3: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Vital Statistics of Japan, 2012

28

Life Stage Education Economy


• College Enrollment • Economic Growth (2011)

Japan 55.67% Japan —0.7%

Korea 63.10% Korea 3.6%

China — China 9.3%

Thailand — Thailand 0.1%

USA 41.06% USA 1.7%

UK 44.86% UK 0.7%

France 43.17% France 1.7%

2

Indicator, Japan 1Nowadays

20 years ago40 years ago

• College Enrollment56.8%(2010)36.3%(1990)23.6%(1970)

• Economic Growth0.9%(1991-2010)4.2%(1974-90)9.1%(1956-73)


• Population 18yr(people)1.01mil.(2030)1.21mil.(2010)2.03mil.(1990)

• Tax Revenue(1990>2010,billion dollar)Corporate Tax:230>117.5Income Tax:325>168.8Consumption Tax:57.5>127.51$=80 yen

reference

1: OECD Education at a Glance 20112: Ministry of Education, Culture,

Sports, Science and Technology, School Basic Survey 2012

3: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Population estimates National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Population Projection for Japan, Jan. 2012

1. The World Bank2. The World Bank3: Ministry of Finance, Trends in Tax

Revenue by Main Tax Item(General Account), 2012


29

Life Stage Labour Living and Family


• Unemployment Rate(2012) • Income Gap(Gini coefficient)

Japan 4.5% Japan 0.33

Korea 3.3% Korea 0.32

China 4.0% China —

Thailand 0.7% Thailand 0.54

USA 8.2% USA 0.38

UK 8.3% UK 0.34

France 9.9% France 0.29

2



• Temporary Workers[Men, age 25-34)14.0%(2010)3.2%(1990) —

• Average Family Size(people)2.62(2009)3.05(1990)3.45(1970)


• Marriage Rate (Men)• The number of people on welfare(people)1.95mil. (2011)1.01mil. (1990)1.34mil. (1970)

age 30-34 Full time:59.6%Temporary:30.2%



reference

1: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database 2012

2: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Labour Force Survey

3: Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training, Realities and Challenges of Youth Employment Support, 2005

1: OECD Factbook 2011-2012 UN Development Program, International Human Development Report 2011

2: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of the People on Health and Welfare

3: National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Social Security in Japan, 2012


30

Life Stage After Retirement Life Expectancy


• Elderly 65+(2010>2050) • Life Expectancy at Birth (both sexes)

Japan 23 > 36% Japan 83.7 years old

Korea 11 > 33% Korea 80.7

China 8 > 26% China 73.8

Thailand 9 > 25% Thailand 74.4

USA 13 > 21% USA 78.8

UK 17 > 24% UK 80.4

France 17 > 25% France 81.7

2



• Elderly with Care Needs (65+)(people)4.9mil.(2010)2.5mil.(2000) —

• Life Expectancy at Birth(years old)(Men) (Women)79.4 85.9 (2011)75.9 81.9 (1990)67.7 74.7 (1970)


• Exp. Population 65+(people)39mil.(2050)36mil.(2025)29mil.(2010)

—

reference

1: UN World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision

2: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Progress Report on Long-term Care Insurance Program



2: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Abridged Life Table, 2011


copyright©2012 ILC-Japan All right reserved.

Being Old & Healthy in JapanPublished by: International Longevity Center-Japan Toranomon33Mori-building, 8th Floor 3-8-21 Toranomon, minatoku, Tokyo, 105-8446 Japan Tel. 81-3-5470-6767 FAX. 81-3-5470-6768 E-mail [email protected] URL http://www.ilcjapan.orgEditors: Seitansha, Inc.Printers: Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.

Copyright ©ILC-JapanAll rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems without permission in writing from the publisher.

ILC-Brazil・President: Alexandre Kalache, MSc, MD, PhD

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being tips old healthy in japan3 preface by 2025, one in every 3 people will be the elderly, and...

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