bell ringer answer the questions using the handout
TRANSCRIPT
Bell Ringer
Answer the questions using the handout.
NEXT TIME/SOON:
We will…
You will be able to…
• Explain how the Scientific Revolution completely changed how people saw their world in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Today in class…
LanguageSocial Studies
• Define: Scientific Revolution, Heliocentric.
• Evaluate the accomplishments of various scientists and rank the scientists in order of influence.
• Describe how scientists and the Church viewed the universe before the Scientific Revolution.
• Explain the start of the Scientific Revolution.
• Identify the ideas of the scientists of the Scientific Revolution.
The Age of Reason
Scientific Revolution &
Enlightenment
The Reformation leads to…
Better education, which leads to…
Questioning religion and science which leads to…
The use of logic and reason to test old ideas against new observations, using scientific methods, which is called…
The Scientific Revolution
1. Scientific Revolution
2. Geocentric
3. Heliocentric
Scientific RevolutionTime of great change in science, especially in astronomy, math, physics, and medicine; scientists used reason to develop new theories and methods
geocentric – heliocentric
Different ideas about the motion of the sun, the earth, and the planets
• Geocentric – earth is center
• Heliocentric – sun is center
The Old View
Before the Scientific Revolution, scientists (Ptolemy and Aristotle) and the Catholic Church believed in a geocentric universe.Geocentric means the earth was at the center of the universe, with the sun and other planets revolved around it.
Geocentric Universe
What was the Scientific Revolution?
New way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question old beliefs.
* Translation of classical texts* Use of logic and reason* Observation* Solving practical problems* Explorers’ discoveries
People of the Scientific Revolution
1. Nicolaus Copernicus (Poland)2. Johann Kepler (Germany)3. Galileo Galilei (Italy)4. Isaac Newton (England)5. Francis Bacon (England) & Rene Descartes
(France)6. William Harvey (England)
Nicolaus CopernicusPolish Astronomer & Mathematician
• Reasoned the Heliocentric Theory– Sun is the center of the
universe– Earth and other
planets revolve around the sun
• Kept his ideas to himself because of the Catholic Church
Johannes KeplerGerman Mathematician
• Used reason and math to prove Copernicus right
• Discovered the laws of planetary motion– Elliptical Orbits
Elliptical
Galileo GalileiItalian Astronomer & Physicist
• Used reason and the telescope to prove heliocentric theory
• Declared a heretic– Galileo took back what he
said
• Studied falling objects Heretic: when a baptized member of the Catholic Church contradicts/denies a revealed truth.
Isaac NewtonEnglish Physicist
• Used reason to discover the Laws of Gravity, Laws of Motion, and calculus– The same force that
pulls an object to earth keeps the moon and planets in orbit around the sun.
Francis Bacon & Rene DescartesScience / Math/ Philosophy
England & France Scientific Method = using observation and reason to prove ideas•Experiments
– Logic & Math– Changed the way people
thought– No more superstition
William HarveyEnglish Doctor
• Used reason to discover the circulation of blood
• Used reason to study the human body
Interesting Info
Safari Movie: Renaissance Science & Invention– Ch. 4 Renaissance Developments in
Astronomy – Ch 9. Galileo & the Church– Ch 10. Conclusion
Astronomy• Copernicus hypothesized that the sun was at the center and
the earth moved in a circular orbit around the sun; this was a direct challenge to what the Catholic Church taught, so he was nervous about sharing his ideas (he dedicated his book to the Pope so he could stay out of trouble!).
• Kepler used reason and math to show that Copernicus was correct, but that the planets follow an elliptical (not circular) orbit. [He also used a logical model to choose his second wife!]
• Galileo used reason and the telescope to prove heliocentric theory, but the Catholic Church called him a heretic. The Catholic Church put him under house arrest and made him recant.
Math and Science• Bacon developed the scientific method, a process for solving
problem or learning new things using reason, observation, and measurement.
• Descartes developed Cartesian or analytic geometry, which uses algebra to describe geometry. He also was one of the first to use exponents. He used math to think about the world. He is famous for saying, “I think, therefore I am.” [Cogito ergo sum or Je pense, donc je suis.]
• Newton used reason to discover the Laws of Gravity and the Laws of Motion; he also discovered calculus. He realized that the same force that pulls an object to earth (gravity) keeps the moon and planets in orbit.
Medicine• Harvey used reason to study the human body
and discovered that the heart is a pump that circulates blood through the body; valves inside the blood vessels keep the blood flowing in one direction. He was also the personal doctor of two English kings, James I and Charles I.
___________________________________
Least Most
Influential Influential
Critical Writing1. Draw a line and label it:
___________________________________
Least Most
Influential Influential
2. Rank the scientists along the line.
3. Write at least one sentence for each scientist explaining why you ranked him there.
You may vary from the class discussion but you need to explain your rankings clearly.