Bell WorkExamine the following quote:

We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal… Thomas Jefferson-Declaration of Independence

1. Interpret the quote. (What do you think it means?)

2. Did it mean something different in 1776 than it does in 2016? Why/Why not

3. Do you believe that all US citizens are created equal? Why/why not?

Get all of your bell works ready to turn in today.

Life at the Turn of the 20th Century

Chapter 8

Science and Urban LifeEngineering innovations laid the groundwork for modern American life.

Skyscrapers; elevators, internal steel skeletons

Electric Transit

Printing

Airplanes; The Wright brothers, Kitty Hawk NC 1903.

George Eastman; Kodak Camera

Public EducationBetter society; way to assimilate immigrants

State laws were passed that required children to attend school. Reading, Writing and Arithmetic

Growth of High Schools

Colleges and Universities

Tuskegee

Millions of people received an education, racial discrimination

Jim Crow Laws

Beginning of 20th century Southern states adopt legal policies to weaken the African American political power. These laws are designed to separate white and black people at public and private places.

Jim Crow Laws• “Jump, Jim Crow” Popular entertainment show

•Showed racism through a depiction of a poor and uneducated black man

•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChWXyeUTKg8

SegregationSegregation- the practice or policy of keeping people of different races, religions, etc., separate from each other

Schools, hospitals, parks and transportation systems

DiscriminationDiscrimination-the practice of unfairly treating a person or group of people differently from other people or groups of people

Voting Restrictions

a. poll tax-annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote.

b. literacy test-test to see how well a person could read or write

c. grandfather clause-if a voter’s father or grandfather was eligible to vote (before January 1, 1867) then the voter was eligible to vote. Even if he failed the test or had to money for taxes

lynching-to put to death, especially by hanging, by mob action and without legal authority.

Racial Social Etiquette Normsa. Never shake hands with white people

b. Yield sidewalks for white

c. Remove hat for whites

Reformersa. Booker T. Washington:

• Born a slave

• African-American educator, author,

• Advisor to presidents of the United States.

• Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community.

W.E.B DuBois• Born a free man in

Massachusetts.

• Scholar and activist, co founded the NAACP.

• First African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University.

• Spokesperson for African-American rights during the first half of the 20th century.

Ida B Wells• Born a slave in Holly Springs,

Mississippi

• journalist, newspaper editor,

• suffragist,

• sociologist

• early leader in the Civil Rights Movement.

Discrimination in the Northa. Segregated neighborhoods

b. Discrimination in the workplace

c. No Jim Crow laws, discrimination was more “covert” (secret)

Plessy v. Ferguson1896 Supreme Court ruling

Separation of races in public facilities was legal an did not violate the 14th Amendment

“Separate but Equal”

60 years of legalized segregation

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Discrimination in the WestMexican Workers

Became a major labor force for RR, Mining, and Agriculture in Southwest U.S.

Paid less $$$ than any other ethnic group

Forced into debt peonage - bound laborers into slavery to work off debt to employer

Chinese Workers

Excluded (1882-1943): whites feared job competition

Turn of the Century-Section 4

An emerging American middle class; more leisure time

Amusement parks, baseball, bikes, tennis

Hersey chocolate bars, Coca-Cola

More educated, better read Americans

libraries, art galleries, museums

motion pictures, magazines, newspapers

Newspapers: New York World: Joseph Pulitzer

Sunday edition, women’s news and sports coverage

“Sin, sex and sensation”

Morning Journal: William Randolph Hearst

Gossip, tabloids

New Ways to sell GoodsUrban Shopping: Retail shopping districts formed near public transportation

Department Store: Marshall Fields, Chicago (1865) “Give the lady what she wants.”

Chain Store: F. W. Woolworth- sold items at a low price

Catalogs: Montgomery Ward (1872) &Sears Roebuck (1886)

Rural free delivery (RFD)-USPO brought packages directly to every home.

The turn of the 20th Century saw prosperity but the nation’s industrial area faced problems.

True/False1. Segregation is the separation of people on the basis of race,

gender, religion.

2.Discrimination is the practice of unfairly treating a person or group of people differently from other people or groups of people.

3. Jim Crow laws were enacted by Northern state and local governments to separate white and black people.

4.A poll tax was a way to keep people from voting during the late 1800’s.

5. Grandmother clauses were also used to keep people from voting

6.African Americans and white citizens could walk down the sidewalk in public side by side.

7.African Americans did not face any discrimination in the northern states.

8.Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Dubois and Ida B. Wells were white activists who helped former slaves gain voting rights.

9.In Plessy v. Ferguson the SC ruled that “separate but equal” was ok.

BWImagine the year is 1900. You have always been a “glass is half-empty” kind of person. However, as your New Year’s resolution, you have decided to become more optimistic. You decide to make a list of all of the good things in your life, community, state, America, and the world. HOwever, you cannot forgot all the negatives, so you also make a list of everything that is wrong in America at that time.

Bell WorkRead page 311 and answer the questions 1 and 2.

BWRead Analyzing Political Cartoons page 319

Answer questions 1 & 2

Chapter 9 The Progressive Era

Section 1

Chapter 9The Progressive Era was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States, from the 1890s to the 1920s.

Chapter 9:1Progressive Movement: Reform movement seeking to

1.return control of the government to the people

2.restore economic opportunities

3.correct injustices in American life

4 Goals of Progressivism1. Protecting social welfare

2.Promoting moral improvement

• Prohibition (18th) banning of alcoholic beverages

3.Creating Economic Reform

4.Fostering Efficiency: Use scientific principles to make society and the workplace more efficient

• Assembly line

• Henry Ford: reduced the work day and paid workers $5.00 a day

Reform at the State Level

Reform Governors

Protecting Working Children

NCLC (National Child Labor Committee) - Investigated and publicized harsh conditions for children

Reforming Elections

Initiative - Bill originated by people, who petition to get it on ballot

Referendum - Voters (not leg.) accept or reject initiative

Recall - Voters can remove public officials from elected positions by vote if enough voters ask for it

Primary -Voters choose candidates, not political machines

Progressive Era…

muckrakers: journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of businesses.

protect women and children

limit working hours

Thomas Nast-Father of the American Cartoon

Constitutional Changes17th Amendment passed in 1913

Direct election of Senators by people instead of by state legislatures

Made Senators more responsive to public

Women in Public LifeMarried, middle class women-devoted to their homes and families.

Poor women had no choice but to work

Farming (south and midwest)

Industry

Domestic Workers

Women’s Suffrage

Seneca Falls-1848-

Suffrage-right to vote

National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA)

Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Faced constant opposition

Three Part StrategyConvince state legislatures to grant women suffrage-Wyoming

Court cases argued 14th Amendment (Citizenship)

National Constitutional Amendment-Took 41 years. Passed in 1920 and TN played an important role-Perfect 36

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

TR-Youngest President, 42, “Rough Rider”

“Bully pulpit” influence the news and the media to shape legislation

“Steward Theory” of Presidency

Square Deal-Progressive reforms sponsored by the Roosevelt administration

Trustbusting-only trusts that harmed the public should be broken up.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Northwest RR ordered broken up by the SC; first time done

1902 Coal Strike: 5 month strike ended by arbitration

First time gov’t took side of labor

ConservationCondemned the view that resources were endless; made conservation a primary concern

Set aside millions of acres of land as reserves

Health and EnvironmentThe Jungle, Upton Sinclair

Exposed conditions of the meatpacking industry

Meat Inspection Act, 1906, Cleanliness requirements and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption

Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906, truth in labeling

BWUsing the blank side of an index card, pick one of the following Progressive Era topics and draw a political cartoon:

Segregation

Progressivism

Women’s Suffrage

Trust Busting

DUE TODAY

Progressivism under Taft“Big Daddy” Taft

Progressivism under TaftDisaster for Republicans

He could not hold the R party together, Progressives wanted change, Conservatives did not.

Election of 1912Republicans disagree on Taft (Conservative) and TR (Progressives)

Taft won the nomination

TR created the Bull Moose Party, New Nationalism

Democrats: Woodrow Wilson, New Freedom

Socialists: Eugene Debs

Ensured a victory for Democrats

Wilson’s New FreedomTargeted tariffs, banks and business reforms

Clayton Anti Trust Act (1914)

Banned unfair business practices

Allowed labor unions to organize and strike

16th Amendment: Federal income tax

Federal Reserve System

19th Amendment

Limits of ProgressivismDid very little for Civil Rights

During Wilson’s second term WWI broke out and took the interest of the people

PositivesImproved conditions for workers

Helped reform problems in government

`1. Bill originated by the citizens.

2. Journalists who wrote about corruption.

3. Voters accept or reject an initiative.

4. Studies that measured how fast a task could be completed.

5. Voters can remove public officials from elected positions by vote.

6. Ban on alcoholic beverages.

7. Ordered the direct election of U.S. Senators.

8. Voters choose candidates, not political machines

Progressive Quiz1. What was the goal of the progressive movement?

2. What was the purpose of the 18th amendment?

3. What was the goal of the muckrakers?

4. Were they successful?

5. What was Teddy Roosevelt’s tool for busting up trusts?

6. What was the name of Woodrow Wilson’s program for Progressive Reform?