Bell WorkTuesday 12/09

Look in your book beginning on page 471 and begin reading to find the answers

• 1. ) What does the term “Renaissance” mean?

• 2.) What did “humanism” attempt to achieve?

• 3.) Who might be considered a patron during the Renaissance?

European Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 17

Section 1-Italy:Birthplace of the Renaissance

Italy’s Advantage

• Renaissance-Meaning rebirth/revival of the arts and learning (1300 A.D. to 1600 A.D.)– Italians wanted to revive the

culture of classical Greeks and Romans

Italy’s Advantage

• Three advantages that made Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance – Thriving cities

–Wealthy merchant class

– Classical heritage of Greece and Rome

Italy’s Advantage

• Medici Family-Powerful banking family who ruled Florence, Italy during the 1400’s. – Acting as patrons

they encouraged the arts during the Renaissance

Classical and Worldly Values

• Humanism- Movement that focused on human potential and achievement

• Secular-Worldly outlook on life and art rather than spiritual

• Patrons- People who financially supported the arts

Classical and Worldly Values

• Renaissance Man- A man well versed in many areas of art and education – The Courtier-Book which taught young

men how to become Renaissance men

• Renaissance Woman- – Encouraged to be charming and know the

classics, and inspire art

– Not encouraged to seek fame, or create art

The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art

• Perspective-Artistic technique that showed three dimensions on a flat surface

The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art

• Donatello-Artist, poet, sculpture, architect, painter– Statue of David the boy

• 1st free standing nude male sculpture since ancient times

• Leonardo da Vinci-Painter, sculpture, inventor, scientist– Best known for painting the Mona Lisa and

The Last Supper

• Raphael-Painted the School of Athens – Showed classical influence on the Renaissance

The School of Athens Raphael 1511

Madonna of the Goldfinch

Raphael1506

Madonna and Child with St. Anne

Leonardo da Vinci1513

Mona Lisa

Leonardo da Vinci

1505

The Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci 1498

La Pieta

Michelangelo

1500

DavidMichelangelo

1504

Did you know that David was supposed to be placed on the top of a church in Florence?

It was commissioned by the de Medici family who were so impressed that they decided to leave it in the piazza in front of the church so that the public could see it up close.

Renaissance Writers Change Literature

• Vernacular-Writing in ones native language (instead of Latin)

• Niccolo Machiavelli- –Wrote The Prince (1513)• Explains how a ruler can

gain and keep power through misleading and deceive his opponents

Bell WorkFriday 12/12

Look in your book beginning on page 480

to find the answers

• 1. What is the difference between the Greek and English meaning of utopia?

• 2. Who was William Shakespeare and what are some of his most famous works?

• 3. Why was Johann Gutenberg’s printing press such an important invention?

Section 2-The Northern Renaissance

Important Stuff from Section 2

• Utopia- An ideal place

• Johann Gutenberg-German craftsman that developed a new printing press– Printed a full copy of

the Bible

– Allowed for books to produced cheaply

Important Stuff from Section 2

• William Shakespeare-Most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age – Born 1564 in England– Emphasized the humanity

through drama and tragedy • Shakespeare’s wrote

Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Important Stuff from Section 2

• Changes in Art-– Based on classical Greek

and Roman styles

– Realistic style of art

– Both secular and religious works were created

– Writers used vernacular languages

– Praised individual achievements

Important Stuff from Section 2

• Changes in Society-– Information became inexpensive

and available to the public – Cheap books = increased literacy – Clarified laws = more people

understanding their rights – Christian humanists changed

views on how life should be lived– People began to question political

and religious practices

Bell Work Monday 12/15

Look in your book beginning on page 488

to find the answers

• 1. What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation?

• 2. Where did the term Protestantism originate?

• 3. What impact did Henry VIII’s actions have on England in the late 1500’s?

Bell WorkMonday 12/15

Please have a half sheet of loose-leaf paper out and title it

“SSR Inquiry Questions Monday 12/15”

SSR Inquiry Questions Monday 12/15

Please answer the following questions on a half-sheet of loose leaf paper

• 1.) Can you explain in your own words why Pope Francis feels there needs to be changes in the Catholic Church and what are some areas that need change?

• 2.) What two questions would you ask the Pope if you had the chance?

• 3.) As someone who is not Catholic is there anything about his ideas that you find appealing?

Section 3-Luther Leads the Reformation

Causes of the Reformation (pg. 488)

Causes of the Reformation

•The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Church

•The printing press helped spread ideas that went against the Church

•Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe

•Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority

•European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth

•Merchants and others resented having to pay the Church taxes

•Church leaders were becoming worldly and corrupt

•Many people found Church practices like the sale of indulgences unacceptable

Social Political Economic Religious

Luther Challenges the Church

• Martin Luther-Monk and teacher from Germany

• The 95 Theses-95 statements attacking the “pardon-merchants”– 1517-Luther took a public stand against

Johann Tetzel’s sale of indulgences

– Indulgence-Selling releases from the punishment of their sins

– Reformation-Religious reform and the formation of churches that did not follow the popes lead

Luther Challenges the Church

• Luther’s Teaching-– Salvation through faith alone• Catholics believed faith and works = salvation

– Church teaching should be based on the Bible alone• Pope and church traditions = false authority

– All people with faith are equal • People could interpret the Bible for themselves

The Response to Luther

• 1520-Pope Leo X threatened to excommunicate Luther – He later did

• 1521-Emperor Charles V issued the Edict of Worms– No one could offer Luther food or

shelter – Prince Frederick housed Luther

during this time he translated the New Testament into German

The Response to Luther

• Protestant-Christian who belonged to non-Catholic churches

• Peace of Augsburg-Compromise in which rulers would decide the religion on his state – Protestant or Catholic

England Becomes Protestant

• Annul-Ending a marriage if proof is shown it was never legal (not a divorce)

England Becomes Protestant

• Henry VIII-King of England– Had one daughter (Mary) with wife Catherine and

wanted a son

– Asked the pope for an annulment so he could marry a younger wife

– Act of Supremacy- Citizens had to take an oath recognizing Henry as the head of England’s Church and his divorce as legal

England Becomes Protestant

• Elizabeth I-Wanted to restore Protestantism and with the help of Parliament set up the Church of England (Anglican Church)– Named the only legal church in England

• Church of England- Designed to keep Protestants and Catholics happy – Priests could marry and give sermons in English

– Kept rich robes and some Catholic traditions

Bell WorkTuesday 12/16

Look in your book beginning on page 495

to find the answers

• 1. Who did Calvin feel were the “elect” and what role did they play in society?

• 2.What role did noblewomen play in the Reformation?

• 3. What were the goals of the Jesuits?

Section 4-The Reform Continues

Calvin Continues the Reformation

• John Calvin- Published Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) – Expressed ideas about God,

salvation, and human nature • Summary of Protestant theology

and religious beliefs

• Calvinism-Religion based on John Calvin’s teachings

Calvin Continues the Reformation

• Predestination-God has known since the beginning of time who he wants to save– These people were

called the “elect”

• Theocracy-Government controlled by religious leaders

Other Protestant Reformers

• Anabaptists- “Meaning baptize again”– Protestant group who

believe people should only be baptized as adults

– Believed church and state should be separate and they should not fight wars

Catholic Reformation

• Catholic Reformation-A process of renewing the Catholic Church from within

• Jesuits-Society of Jesus– 3 Focuses-

• Founded schools in Europe

• Convert non-Christians to Catholicism

• Stop the spread of Protestantism

Catholic Reformation

• Pope Paul III takes four steps to reform the Catholic Church – Investigated the selling of

indulgences

– Approved the Jesuit order

– Used inquisitions to seek out heretics (non-believers)

– Called for church leaders to meet at the Council of Trent

Catholic Reformation • Council of Trent-Meeting where Catholic

cardinals and bishops agreed on several doctrines – Only the churches interpretation of the Bible is

correct• Anyone who tries to interoperate it is a heretic

– Salvation is achieved by good works and faith

– Christian life should be guided by church traditions and the bible

– Indulgences are valid expressions of faith

Bell WorkWednesday 12/17

Look in your notes for sections 1-3 to find the answers

• 1. Who were the Medici family? How did they become so wealthy? (Section 1)

• 2. What were some of the important changes in society during the Renaissance? (Section 2)

• 3. What were some of the main teachings of Martin Luther? (Section 3)