BELLRINGER: 10/7 and 10/8BELLRINGER: 10/7 and 10/81.1. Pick up the papers by the door.Pick up the papers by the door.

2.2. There should be at least FOUR (4) There should be at least FOUR (4) people sitting at each table. Only people sitting at each table. Only then can there be a 5then can there be a 5thth person added. person added.

3.3. On a piece of notebook paper, list On a piece of notebook paper, list two accomplishments from the two accomplishments from the Phoenician, the Hittite, and Assyrian Phoenician, the Hittite, and Assyrian civilizations. civilizations.

AGENDA: AGENDA:

1.1. BellringerBellringer

2.2. Notes: The Hebrews and Notes: The Hebrews and JudaismJudaism

3.3. Project: Judaism NotebookProject: Judaism Notebook

HOMEWORK: HOMEWORK:

1.1. Read pages 67-71 in your textbook if Read pages 67-71 in your textbook if you have not yet done so.you have not yet done so.

2.2. Study for your Peoples of the Study for your Peoples of the Mediterranean and Middle East Quiz Mediterranean and Middle East Quiz on FRIDAY/TUESDAY (next class on FRIDAY/TUESDAY (next class meeting). Review your notes and meeting). Review your notes and your textbook to prepare.your textbook to prepare.

3.3. Work on your Judaism Project (due Work on your Judaism Project (due 10/16 by midnight via email 10/16 by midnight via email submission) submission)

The Hebrews and The Hebrews and JudaismJudaism

How Religion Began:How Religion Began: When religion first When religion first

developed, developed, most people most people believed in many gods believed in many gods (called (called polytheismpolytheism).).

If you believe in many If you believe in many gods, you are gods, you are polytheistic.polytheistic.

What previous What previous civilizations have we civilizations have we studied that considered studied that considered themselves polytheistic?themselves polytheistic?

Why so many gods?Why so many gods? Often, there Often, there were gods were gods

for water, land, sea, air, for water, land, sea, air, and other natural forces.and other natural forces. Egyptian gods and goddesses

Hebrew conception of God Polytheistic view

God is universal and is superior to nature. Nature is not to be worshiped but is part of God’s creation.

Gods are limited to specific locations and to nature. Forces of nature were worshipped as gods.

God is eternal. Gods were created and may be destroyed.

God is subject to nothing. He is supreme.

Gods were subject to human needs and desires: hunger, pain, illness…

Judaism vs. Polytheism

The Origins of JudaismThe Origins of Judaism

The area of The area of Palestine (Canaan) was Palestine (Canaan) was the ancient home of the Hebrews.the ancient home of the Hebrews. It was a “crossroad to the It was a “crossroad to the

ancient world”ancient world”

According to the Bible, According to the Bible, Canaan = Canaan = promised to the Hebrewspromised to the Hebrews..

Origins of Judaism Origins of Judaism (cont’d)(cont’d)

However, there was one However, there was one early religion that early religion that did away did away with many gods with many gods in exchange in exchange for one all-powerful god.for one all-powerful god.

The The Hebrew people believed Hebrew people believed in in onlyonly one god, one god, called called YahwehYahweh. . Means Hebrews were Means Hebrews were

monotheisticmonotheistic, as they , as they believed in only one god.believed in only one god.

The The first monotheistic first monotheistic religion in historyreligion in history

The Story of the The Story of the HebrewsHebrews

So how does the monotheistic Jewish religion emerge?So how does the monotheistic Jewish religion emerge?• Around 1800 BCE, Around 1800 BCE,

there is a there is a man named man named AbrahamAbraham

• He lived in He lived in SumerSumer, in , in Ur Ur (a city-state).(a city-state).

• Abraham Abraham says no to says no to polytheismpolytheism

• Rejected polytheism Rejected polytheism practiced by the practiced by the SumeriansSumerians

• Believed in only one Believed in only one god which he called god which he called YahwehYahweh. .

The Story of the Hebrews The Story of the Hebrews (cont’d):(cont’d):

• Abraham made Abraham made an an agreement agreement (covenant) with (covenant) with YahwehYahweh::

• Abraham Abraham = agrees to = agrees to obey obey YahwehYahweh

• Yahweh = will protect Yahweh = will protect Abraham and his Abraham and his descendants (the descendants (the Jewish Jewish peoplepeople))

• Yahweh Yahweh commanded commanded Abraham to move his family Abraham to move his family

• Mesopotamia Mesopotamia (Ur) (Ur) CanaanCanaan. .

• Fun fact: Canaan means Fun fact: Canaan means “promise land”. “promise land”.

• Canaan is in modern-day Canaan is in modern-day Palestine.Palestine.

Hebrews Leaving Canaan Hebrews Leaving Canaan

1650 B.C.: 1650 B.C.: Hebrew people Hebrew people are are forced to leave forced to leave Canaan Canaan Why? Why? famine and famine and

droughtdrought

Where do they goWhere do they go?? Go west Go west to Egypt, to Egypt,

where they were where they were welcomed awelcomed as neighbors s neighbors

Friendship turns sour Friendship turns sour Eventually Eventually Egyptians Egyptians

enslaved Hebrewsenslaved Hebrews

The Rise of MosesThe Rise of Moses Who is MosesWho is Moses??

Adopted member of the Egyptian royal family Adopted member of the Egyptian royal family (found by an Egyptian princess as baby)(found by an Egyptian princess as baby)•Raised Raised unaware of Hebrew heritage unaware of Hebrew heritage = =

IMPORTANT!IMPORTANT! Once he learned of who he really wasOnce he learned of who he really was, he , he

fought fought Egyptian leaders Egyptian leaders for the release of the for the release of the HebrewsHebrews•Happens after pharaoh orders all male Happens after pharaoh orders all male

Hebrew babies be killedHebrew babies be killed Frees Hebrews from their enslavement by the Frees Hebrews from their enslavement by the

EgyptiansEgyptians Then, the Then, the EXODUS HAPPENSEXODUS HAPPENS

The ExodusThe ExodusHebrews fled Egypt Hebrews fled Egypt (the Exodus)(the Exodus)

Remembered during PassoverRemembered during Passover

A New CovenantA New Covenant

Moses spoke with God at Moses spoke with God at the top of the top of Mt. Mt. Sinai.Sinai.

When he came back down, When he came back down, he brought 10 he brought 10 CommandmentsCommandments.. Became the Became the basis for civil and religious basis for civil and religious

laws of Judaismlaws of Judaism Hebrews believe the 10 Commandments Hebrews believe the 10 Commandments

formed a new covenant with Godformed a new covenant with God Ten Commandments

The TorahThe Torah

First 5 books of the Hebrew Bible First 5 books of the Hebrew Bible ((part of the Old Testament part of the Old Testament in the in the Christian faith)Christian faith)

God chose Abraham to be the God chose Abraham to be the “father” of the Hebrew people.“father” of the Hebrew people. Abraham a shepherd from UrAbraham a shepherd from Ur

Wandering Days and Arrival Wandering Days and Arrival in Canaanin Canaan

Post-Exodus: The Jews wandered for 40 Post-Exodus: The Jews wandered for 40 years years in the Sinai Desert. (in the Sinai Desert. (The The Wandering YearsWandering Years))

After Moses dies, Hebrews After Moses dies, Hebrews returned to returned to CanaanCanaan..

Constantly Constantly fought with the Philistines fought with the Philistines over landover land Only the beginning of conflict the Jews will Only the beginning of conflict the Jews will

find themselves involved in regarding their find themselves involved in regarding their homeland in the Middle Easthomeland in the Middle East

System of RuleSystem of Rule

When the tribes arrived in Canaan, they When the tribes arrived in Canaan, they were were loosely organized into 12 tribesloosely organized into 12 tribes..

The Tribes were The Tribes were self governingself governing, but , but would come together during periods of would come together during periods of fighting.fighting.

Kingdoms Established:Kingdoms Established:

From From 1020-922 B.C. the Hebrews united 1020-922 B.C. the Hebrews united under 3 Kingsunder 3 Kings: Saul, David, and : Saul, David, and Solomon.Solomon. No longer city states but banded together No longer city states but banded together

under a single leaderunder a single leader New Kingdom was called IsraelNew Kingdom was called Israel

1. Saul1. Saul

Drove out the Philistines Drove out the Philistines from the from the central hills of ancient Palestinecentral hills of ancient Palestine

2. David2. David

David David united the tribes united the tribes and and established Jerusalem as the established Jerusalem as the capitalcapital

Legend of Legend of David and GoliathDavid and Goliath

3. Solomon3. Solomon

Solomon Solomon beautified Jerusalembeautified Jerusalem.. Built a great temple to house the Built a great temple to house the

Ark of the CovenantArk of the Covenant Contained the tablets of Moses' Contained the tablets of Moses'

lawlaw After Solomon's death, the After Solomon's death, the

Kingdom splits into Israel and Kingdom splits into Israel and Judah.Judah.

Hebrew Downfall:Hebrew Downfall:Babylonian Captivity and Babylonian Captivity and

DiasporaDiaspora Israel and Judah Israel and Judah begin begin paying paying

tribute to Assyriatribute to Assyria Assyrians eventually attack Assyrians eventually attack and and

destroy the capital of Israel.destroy the capital of Israel. The The Babylonians destroy JudahBabylonians destroy Judah..

Hebrew DownfallHebrew Downfall

King King NebuchadnezzarNebuchadnezzar ran ran Egyptians out of Syria and ancient Egyptians out of Syria and ancient Palestine, and twice Palestine, and twice attacked attacked JerusalemJerusalem.. (586 B.C.) Destroyed Solomon’s (586 B.C.) Destroyed Solomon’s

templetemple

Babylonian Captivity

Jewish DiasporaJewish Diaspora

Judaism ProjectJudaism Project

For this project, you have the For this project, you have the option of working independently option of working independently or in groups of 2. or in groups of 2.

If you want to work in a group of If you want to work in a group of 2, please find a partner now and 2, please find a partner now and sit next to them. sit next to them.

Judaism Project RubricJudaism Project Rubric 5 points: 5 points: Title slide (must include images, a clear title, Title slide (must include images, a clear title,

and your names and block #)and your names and block #) 5 points: 5 points: Sources slide at the end of the presentation Sources slide at the end of the presentation 10 points per page:10 points per page:

2 points: 2 points: At least 2 images per pageAt least 2 images per page 2 points: 2 points: Basic information about the subject of that Basic information about the subject of that

pagepage 2 points: 2 points: Additional information that goes beyond Additional information that goes beyond

what was learned in class, found through additional what was learned in class, found through additional researchresearch

2 points: 2 points: A quote about the subject of the pageA quote about the subject of the page 2 points: 2 points: An explanation of what that quote means An explanation of what that quote means

and how it relatesand how it relates