bellringer what two elements make up one water molecule, and how many atoms of each are there?
TRANSCRIPT
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BellringerWhat two elements make up one water molecule,
and how many atoms of each are there?
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The Properties of Water
Notes
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The Structure of Water
•Atoms join together to form molecules. A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms attached to one oxygen atom.
•H2O
•H2 = Two hydrogen atoms
•O = One oxygen atom
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The Structure of Water
•Water is made up of polar water molecules. A polar molecule has electrically charged areas. The oxygen end of a water molecule has a negative charge. The hydrogen ends each have a positive charge.
•Polar molecules are like magnets. In magnets, opposite poles attract each other. In polar molecules, atoms with opposite charges attract each other.
•As a result, water molecules tend to “stick” together.
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Key Properties of Water
•Capillary action is the combined attraction among water molecules and between water molecules and other molecules. One result of capillary action is that water rises in a tube.
•Clothing the “wicks” away moisture from your body uses capillary action to pull the sweat away from your skin.
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Key Properties of Water
•Surface tension is the tightness across the surface of water. Some insects can even walk across water because surface tension keeps them from sinking.
•Droplets are a phenomenon of surface tension.
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Key Properties of Water
•Many substances dissolve in water. A solution is a mixture that forms when one substance dissolves in another. The substance that does the dissolving is called a solvent. Because so many substances dissolve into water, water is called the “universal solvent.”
•Solvent = substance does the dissolving
•Solute = substance that is dissolved
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Solvent
Solute
= Solution
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Key Properties of Water
•Specific heat is the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a substance by 1°C. Different substances have different specific heats. Water needs a lot of heat to increase its temperature - therefore water has a very high specific heat.
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Key Properties of Water
•In summer, the sun’s heat warms the land more quickly than the water (ocean). As a result, the air is warmer inland than on the coast.
•The opposite effect occurs in winter - land loses heat more quickly then water, so the air above the land is cooler.
•Remember these; we’ll need them again for the weather unit.
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Changing State•Water is the only substance on Earth that is
commonly found in three different states of matter - as a gas (water vapor), a liquid (water droplets), and as a solid (water ice).
•Liquid water can become a gas when it is boiled. I can also become a gas by evaporation. Evaporation is when molecules at the surface of a liquid spontaneously change into a gas.
•For evaporation to occur, heat is taken away from the environment. This is a cooling process. (i.e. - sweating)
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Liquid Water
Water Vapor
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Changing State• The way a gas changes into a liquid is called
condensation. When you fog up a window by breathing on it, you see the effects of condensation.
• For condensation of water to occur, it must have a solid surface to condense onto, such as leaves, windows, or dirt particles in the air. This is known as nucleation.
• For condensation to occur, heat is released into the environment. This is a warming process.
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Changing State
•When water freezes, water changes from a liquid to a solid. When ice melts, water changes from a solid to a liquid.
•Melting takes heat away from the environment.
•Freezing releases heat into the environment.
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Changing States
•Water freezes AND melts at 0°C.
•Water boils AND condenses at 100°C.
•The only difference is where the heat is going.
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