bellringer march 1, 2012 take out something to write with take out homework remove everything else...
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Bellringer March 1, 2012•Take out something to write with
•Take out homework
•Remove everything else off of your desk
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Chapter 13, Section 1: The Rise of African CivilizationsMarch 1, 2012
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Objectives Today we will be learning how
trade and geography influenced the developments
in Africa.
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Africa’s Geography• *The Sahara is in N
Africa and is the world’s largest desert.
• *A has 4 Climate Zones: Mediterranean, Desert, Savanna, & Rain Forest
• *The Equator slices through the middle of A.
A = Africa
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Africa’s Geography
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Africa’s Geography• * Great Rift Valley -
earliest human fossils found
• *The desert in SW Africa is the Kalahari.
• *Almost all of A rests on a plateau. Rivers spill off into waterfalls & cutoff inland water routes.
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West African Empires• *Berbers are the first
known ppl to settle in North A.
• They crossed the Sahara w/tales of gold!
• The Berbers traded across the Sahara starting about 400 BC.
• *Camels, “ships of the desert,” were used to travel through the desert, b/c of wide feet & ability to travel w/o water for days.
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West African Empires• *Trade items
▫ *North A *Salt & Cloth
▫ *Western A *Gold & Ivory
• *Ghana, NW A, rose to power in AD 400s. Traders had to cross through Ghana to meet.
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West African Empires•Ghana• *1st empire (400s)• *“Crossroads of Trade” –
trade routes came together
• *Grew wealthy from taxes▫ *Iron weapons
Conquered neighbors using these Controlled the ppl who
had the gold mines *Built a huge army *People wanted to trade
salt & gold
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Africa’s Geography
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West African Empires• *Ghana’s decline
▫ *Discovery of gold outside of Ghana’s reach reduced taxes
▫ *Fighting Muslims
• *Griots - storytellers• *Sundiata Keita –
ruled: 1230-1255 ▫ *“Lion Prince” ▫ *Seized Ghana in 1240
• *Gold – put Mali in control of trade
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Africa’s Geography
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West African Empires• Songhai
▫ *Mali’s decline *Death of Mansa Musa *Berber’s attacked
▫ *Sunni Ali -1468, used his location near the Niger to take over Berber salt mines
▫ *War canoes seize river
▫ *Created the largest empire in W. A
▫ *Songhai declines *Moroccan soldiers
were better equipped.
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Africa’s Geography
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West African Empires• Salt = Gold
▫ *Salt needed for
*health – sweat a lot in Africa
*Preserving food
*Flavor food
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Kingdoms of the Rain Forest• *Benin arose in Niger
delta.• *King Ewuare – founded
the empire of Benin
• *Kongo founded in Congo River Basin.
• *Farmers had farmable soil & a warm, wet climate.
• *They produced a surplus, extra, of foods like bananas, yams, or rice.
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Africa’s Geography
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East Africa• *Queen of Sheba – Queen
Makeda
• *King Solomon – ruler of the Israelites
• *Abbyssinia - aka Ethiopia
• *Axum – great location – Red Sea
• *King Ezana – defeated Kush
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East Africa• *Dhows –sailboats
• *Trading post – Muslim traders settled in East African city-states
• Mogadishu, Zimbabwe, Kilwa, Mombasa – major links in Indian Ocean trade network
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East Africa• *Zimbabwe – supplied
gold, copper, and ivory to the west coast.
• *Great Zimbabwe – empire’s capital
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Africa’s Geography
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East Africa
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Review
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Homework