bellringer- write down 3 interesting things about dna that you didnt know before. on page 15. you...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bellringer-Write down 3
interesting things about DNA that you
didn’t know before. On page 15.
You should have learned at least 3 things.
![Page 2: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
What is protein synthesis?Is protein synthesis important?
What is RNA?
Where is RNA found?Is RNA similar to DNA?
What is translation?
![Page 3: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Protein Synthesis?
*Protein synthesis is the building
of proteins following the instructions of DNA.
*The instructions of DNA are written by the order of the bases.
Example of instructions on DNA:
A - G - A - T - C - T - A - G
![Page 4: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why is protein synthesis important?
*Proteins make up the structure of an organism AND control all of the organism’s chemical reactions to keep it alive.
Examples of proteins:Walls of arteries, ligaments, hair, nails, muscles , bones and antibodies.
![Page 5: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Protein Structure
A protein is made up of a chain of AMINO ACIDS in a particular order, held together by PEPTIDE BONDS.
![Page 6: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Example of Protein:*a chain of Amino Acids
Alanine Phenylalanine Glutamine Valine Proline Lysine
NAMES OF AMINO ACIDS
Actual Sequence and names
of AMINO ACIDS
In Blood (Hemoglobin)
![Page 7: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Shapes of Proteins
*the shape of a protein depends on its function & its order of amino acids.
![Page 8: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Where does protein synthesis occur?
*The DNA never leaves the nucleus.
*RNA copies the DNA in the nucleus.
*RNA carries the instructions from DNA out to the ribosome.
*The protein is built on the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
DNA in the nucleus is safe !!
DNA in the cytoplasm can be
destroyed
![Page 9: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What is RNA?
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
*It is the nucleic acid responsible for
three things in protein synthesis:
1 – copying instructions from DNA
2 – carrying the instructions for
making proteins to the ribosome,
3 – putting the protein together on
the ribosome.
![Page 10: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What makes up RNA?
Bases in RNASugar in RNA
Ribose
Strands in RNA
“ONE”
![Page 11: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3 Types of RNA1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
mRNA tRNA rRNA
![Page 12: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Function: 1. Goes into the nucleus and makes a copy of DNA using
RNA bases. 2. Takes the copy to the ribosomes.3. Contains the “CODON” (group of 3 bases on mRNA)
![Page 13: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Function:- carries amino acids to mRNA at the ribosome to (make) the protein.- contains “ANTICODON” (3 bases that match up w/codon on mRNA)
![Page 14: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ribosomal RNA(rRNA)*ribosomal RNA
major structural part of the ribosome where protein synthesis occurs.
![Page 15: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Comparison of Comparison of DNA and RNADNA and RNA
*DNA* * RNA*
Strands: 2 1
Sugar: deoxyribose ribose
A, G, C, T A, G, C, UBases: *Thymine *Uracil
(A – T) (A – U)
![Page 16: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Steps in Protein Synthesis
Part I – Transcription
Part II – Translation:
![Page 17: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Step 1: TranscriptionStep 1: Transcription
Location: in the nucleusPurpose: to copy the DNA code (order of bases) onto mRNA.Events:1.) DNA is unwound and DNA helicase unzips DNA strand.2.) RNA polymerase reads the complementary base and adds the new
nucleotides along the DNA strand.3.) mRNA is made, leaves the nucleus to go to ribosome.
![Page 18: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Step 1: TranscriptonStep 1: Transcripton
Location: in the nucleus
Main Event: mRNA comes into
the nucleus and makes
a copy of the order of
thebases on DNA.
![Page 19: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
RNA polymerase
Function:
Enzyme that recognizes
the complementary base
of RNA to DNA, and glues
them together.
Examples:
Guanine with Cytosine
Adenine with Thymine
*Uracil with Adenine
![Page 20: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Step 2: TranslationStep 2: Translation
Location: in the cytoplasm, on the ribosome.Purpose: to convert the instructions of RNA (order of bases) into
amino acids, to make proteins.
![Page 21: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Step 2: TranslationStep 2: Translation
Events of translation:1.) The first three bases of mRNA (codon) join the ribosome.
Usually (AUG – considered the start codon).2.) tRNA brings the “amino acid” down to the ribosome. The three
bases on tRNA (anticodon) match the complementary bases on mRNA.
![Page 22: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Step 2: Translation … (final Step 2: Translation … (final stage)stage)
Events of translation:3.) Each tRNA has an AMINOACID, that is determined byits anticodon.
Ex: codon (AUG)Amino Acid - methionine
4.) The amino acids arejoined by polypeptide bonds.5.) The resulting chain of amino acids are called aPROTEIN.
![Page 23: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Codons & Anticodons
Codon – def: three nucleotides of mRNA.
STOP codons - UAA, UAG, UGA - all three of these codons signal the end of a polypeptide chain
Codons - *C U A - *G G C - *A A C - *U U AAmino Acids Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Leucine
ANTICODON - segment of three bases on tRNA that are complementary to the mRNA codon.
Start codon - AUG codons signals the start of a polypeptide chain
![Page 24: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
TRANSLATION
& tRNA
in pictures
![Page 25: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Closeup of translation…(mRNA, codons)
tRNA, amino acids, peptide bonds
![Page 26: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Protein Synthesis, summary…
![Page 27: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Protein Synthesis, summary…
![Page 28: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Animations
• DNA Replication review
• Transcription & Translation
![Page 29: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Practice with Amino Acids
• What is the Amino Acid for : – AUG – CCU – UGG – AGU
![Page 30: Bellringer- Write down 3 interesting things about DNA that you didnt know before. On page 15. You should have learned at least 3 things](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062511/551574cf550346486b8b503e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)