Bellringer January 4, 2012

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JANUARY 4 , 2012COACH CORLEY

Chapter 5, Section 1The Culture of Ancient

Greece

Objectives

Today, we will be learning about Ancient Greece’s Mythology,

Poetry, and Fables.

Part 1: Greek Mythology

The Greeks believed that gods and goddesses controlled nature

and shaped their lives.

Part 1: Greek MythologyMyths are traditional

stories about gods and heroes.

Greek Mythology expressed the Greek people’s religious beliefs.

*Polytheistic - they believed in many gods and goddesses.

So…….

Part 1: Greek Mythology

*The Greeks believed that the gods and goddesses controlled nature.

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*Zeus – ruled the sky and threw lightning bolts. Zeus was also the chief god.

Part 1: Greek Mythology

*Hades - god of the underworld.

*Poseidon - the god of the seas and earthquakes.

*Artemis - goddess of the hunt and wild animals; twin sister of Apollo.

Part 1: Greek Mythology

*Apollo - the god of the sun and poetry.

*Aphrodite - the goddess of love.

*Athena - the goddess of wisdom and crafts; protector of cities.

*Ares – god of war.

Part 1: Greek Mythology*The 12 most important

gods and goddesses lived on Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece.

Gods & Goddesses: *Not all powerful *Resembled humans *Married & had children *Quarreled, played

tricks, & fought wars.

Part 1: Greek Mythology*Ritual - a set of actions

carried out in a fixed way.

Greeks wanted the gods’ favor so they carried out many rituals: Prayed & gave them gifts Festivals honoring the

godsFestivals dedicated to

Zeus were held at Olympia

Part 1: Greek Mythology

The Greeks believed in fate/destiny and prophecy.

Gods would give prophecies to people to warn them about the future in time to change it.

Part 1: Greek Mythology

*An oracle was a sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess.

*Most famous oracle was the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Leaders took advice from the oracle of Apollo.

Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables

Greek poetry and fables taught Greek values.

Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables

Greek poems and stories are the oldest in the Western world.

*Shakespeare borrowed many Greek plots and settings.

Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables

*Epics – long poems about heroic deeds.

The first great epics of early Greece were the Iliad and the Odyssey.

They were based on stories of a war between Greece and Troy.

Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables

Iliad- *Prince of Troy

kidnaps Sparta queen - *Sparta & Greeks

attack

- *Attack lasts 10 years- *Trojan Horse

- *Greeks climb out that night & capture the city

Odyssey- *Odysseus- *His journey home

from the Trojan War

- *His adventure- *Took 10 years to get

home

Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables

*Homer’s stories were considered real history.

Homer’s stories taught: *Courage & honor *Loyalty to friends *Greek boys to be like

their heroes

Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables

*A fable is a short tale that teaches a lesson.

*Aesop was a Greek slave who wrote many famous fables.

Aesop’s fables were a part of Greece’s oral tradition for 200 years.

Part 2: Greek Drama

Part 2: Greek Drama Drama – a story told by

actors who pretend to be characters in the story.

Tragedy – a story with an unhappy ending, the character struggles to overcome difficulties but fails.

Comedy – the story ends happy (not necessarily humor)

Part 2: Greek Drama

Play writers:Sophocles

*General & Writer *Used three actors in

his plays *Painted backdrops *Oedipus Rex (Latin);

Oedipus the King (English)

*Antigone – “Is it better to follow orders or to do what is right?”

Part 2: Greek Drama

Play writers: Aeschylus

*Oresteia – group of 3 plays

*Evil acts cause more evil acts and suffering

Reason triumphs over evil

People should not seek revenge

Part 2: Greek Drama Play writers:Euripides

*Took drama beyond heroes and gods.

*Real-life plots *War shown as cruel

Aristophanes *Wrote comedies *Made fun of politicians &

scholars Laughter, jokes, SNL?, etc

Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture

Greek art & architecture expressed Greek ideas of beauty

and harmony.

Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture

*Greek artists wanted people to see reason, moderations, balance, and harmony in their work.

Greek pottery & painting

Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture

Greek Architecture:

Doric Columns *Earliest & simplest

form of Greek columns *Grace & power

Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture

Greek Architecture:

Ionic Columns *Taller & more slender

than Doric *Tops resemble scrolls

Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture

Greek Architecture:Corinthian Columns

*The most elaborate of the three columns

*Originally designed for interior, but later exterior

The three orders of Greek architecture identify the time and art of Greek culture.

Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture

Greek Architecture:Parthenon

*Dedicated to Athena *Most important

building from Classical Greece

*Used as a treasury

*Greek art & architecture tried to express their ideal version of perfection and beauty.

Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture

Review

Homework