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Best FacadeBest Practice for Double Skin Facades

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www.bestfacade.com www.bestfacade.com

WP1 was proposed as a starting point forthe following work packages. Thus all part-ners have been involved into the design ofthe questionnaires according to the spe-cial needs of their work packages and

have used their good contacts within thebuilding scene to get data on implementedfacades in their countries.The architectural aspects of DSF in Europeare discussed for their conception andglass architecture in general, the need ofan integrated planning approach, lighting,the multitude of the city, environmental ar-chitecture, the facade as communicationand sound attenuation.

special four-language keyword listA centralised database containing litera-ture about double skin facades has beencreated in the framework of the Work Pa-ckage 1 serving as the knowledge base

document or documents about a specialaspect of double skin facades. The mainfunction and advantage of this database isthe possibility to get an efficient overviewabout the literature, ranked by keywords

and their relevance in this document.The second important part of the literaturedatabase are the full-text files behind theliterature database entries. In the momentthere are in summary 161 articles in formof PDF-files available. The PDFs can besearched also by keywords.

The main goal of WP1The main goal of WP1 was to analyse im-plemented DSF all over Europe. 27 fa-cades of different buildings in all partnercountries of Bestfacade have been studiedby means of a standardized questionnaire.The questionnaire comprises data on loca-tion, information about the building andthe facade, construction and route of air

flow in the faade as well as maintenanceand costs.The analysis is been drawn for the aspects,types of faade in different countries, DSFin different climatic regions of Europe,

existing simulations and measurements,thermal behaviour, indoor air quality, com-fort, user acceptance, energy demand andconsumptions, control strategies, integra-ted building technology, costs (investment,maintenance, operation), resource conser-vation, environmental impact, comparisonto conventional glass facades (CGFs), in-tegration of renewable energy sources intoDSF, and non-energy related EIE/04/135/ S07.38652 Best Practice for Double SkinFaades WP1 Report 80issues: acoustics, aesthetics, fire protec-tion, moisture, corrosion, durability, main-tenance, repair. Most of the buildings areoffice buildings followed by schools andservice buildings. Nearly all of the buil-

dings have mechanical ventilation systemsand the heating and cooling is performedmost often by air heating/cooling systems.The types of faades are mainly multis-torey and corridor type, in Belgium juxta-

posed modules are frequently used. The

for further work in the Bestfaade workpackages such as non technological bar-riers, benchmarks, calculation methodup to the dissemination activities. After afirst round in WP1 more than 360 articles,

books, proceedings, diploma thesis andPhD thesis about double skin facades areavailable within the literature database. Asecond upgrading of the literature databa-se is planned for the last year of the Best-faade project. A special four-languagekeyword list (English, French, Dutch andGerman) was developed to classify the li-terature by reducing and completing anexisting list from BBRI. This keyword list isthe main feature for finding and using theliterature database.The documents are sorted and evalua-ted by their authors, keywords, languageand publication type, with the objective tomake it as easy as possible to find a special

Factstorey and corridor type, in Belgium jux-taposed modules are frequently used.The faade gaps are mostly naturallyventilated (except for Belgium, wherethe indoor air is led by mechanicalventilation via the gap to the centra-lized air handling unit). The shadingis performed mainly with Venetianblinds located in the gap. The clea-ning of the outer shell is done via acradle or a lifting platform, the gla-zing of the gap is mainly cleaned fromthe gap or from the interior.

Best Facade Fundamentals Best Practice for Double Skin Facades

Fundamentals, History

Essentially a pair of glass skins separated by an air corridor. The main layer of glass is usually insula- ting. The air space between the layers of glass acts as insulation against temperature extremes, winds,and sound.[Harrison K. & Meyer-Boake T.: The Tectonics of the Environmental Skin, University of Waterloo, School of Architecture, (2003)]


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Best Facade State of the Art Best Practice for Double Skin Facades

State of the Art

[Harrison K. & Meyer-Boake T.: The Tectonics of the Environmental Skin, University of Waterloo, School of Architecture, (2003)]

WP6 WP5 WP3

21% 20% 16% 14% 14% 8% 6% 1%

WP4 WP1 WP2 WP8 WP7

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7 countries 30 projects

select by chartselect by facade

Factstorey and corridor type, in Belgiumjuxtaposed modules are frequentlyused. The faade gaps are mostlynaturally ventilated (except for Bel-gium, where the indoor air is led bymechanical ventilation via the gapto the centralized air handling unit).The shading is performed mainly withVe is performed mainly with Venetiannetian blinds located in the gap. Thecleaning of the outer shell is done viaa cradle or a lifting platform, the gla-zing of the gap is mainly cleaned fromthe gap or from the interior.


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The analysis on the non-technological bar-riers to DSF regarding the legislation issuesshows that in the participating countriesapart from one there is no awareness ofthe EN 13830 standards. This European

Standard specifies characteristics of cur-tain walling and provides technical infor-mation on the varying performance re-quirements. Also, the document providesguidance to the curtain wall manufactureron how to meet the requirements of theEuropean Construction Products Directive(CPD). The CE marking is in force from2005.

Non technolgical Barriers Type IAll existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation on fire andsound protection, lighting issues etc) arealso applied to double skin facades, sincethere are no specific ones for this type offacades. Legislation on fire protection may

be a threat to DSF since the fire transferbetween the rooms and levels has to bereduced. Additionally sound legislationcan be a threat when considering soundtransfer between adjacent spaces through

the DSF cavity. On the other hand, soundlegislation can also be an opportunity toDSF as this type of faade provides bettersound insulation than single skin systems.Legislation on lighting issues could pose athreat to DSF since the inner layer of gla-zing in conjunction with the internal blindscan lower significantly the daylight factorsin the occupied spaces; however a properdesign can result in adequate visual com-fort; and then the legislation is consideredas an opportunity to the use of DSF.All countries have legislation on thermalinsulation and achieved U-values; this isconsidered from most countries as an op-portunity for double skin facades sincethe U-value is usually lower than for other

glazed faade types. However, maximumindoor temperatures could pose a threat toDSF if limits of indoor temperature are tobe observed.The EPBD implementation could be an

opportunity if the designed DSF is perfor-ming well (due to the presence of the twoglazed skins), but it could be a threat if thesystem is badly designed and cannot meetthe thermal and energy requirements(for example overheating is observed insummer).In the case of ventilation requirements,these exist in all countries but do not poseany threat to the application of DSF.

The analysis showed that in all countries there are builtexamples; the majority of them have beenconstructed recently; however there is nodocumentation of their energy and envi-ronmental performance. In terms of the

level of knowledge concerning the typolo-gy, performance, design and constructionof DSF, educational /research institutionsand big constructions companies usuallyworking at an international level have good

knowledge of the DSF systems. On theother hand, low level of knowledge is notedin the group of architects, building ownersand investors. In the case of the advan-tages and disadvantages of the doubleskin facades compared to the conventio-nal systems, it seems that the knowledgeis low in all target groups apart from se-veral educational/research institutions thatare working in relevant projects.Climatic conditions do not seem to poseany obstacle in the application of DSF.Different systems can be applied in diffe-rent countries; further design considera-tions should be applied in extreme clima-tic conditions i.e. excessive hot periods.Full transparency do not seem to pose any

threat to the application of DSF, it seemsthat architects desire full transparencywhile users might not like it.Although DSF can be applied in all type ofbuildings, until now they have been used

mainly for office buildings and not so muchfor residential and other type of buildingsbecause of their increased constructionand capital cost. The occupant control forventilation may be a threat to DSF if theirdesign does not allow user control.Regarding the reputation of DSF in allcountries, it seems there is skepticism inthe scientific field concerning the energyefficiency, the indoor air quality and ther-mal comfort levels that this type of faadecan provide. The reputation is good in thebuilding industry that tries to promote thistype of faade but there is also concern be-cause of the high investment cost. Amongthe majority of the architects the reputa-tion is good mainly because of aesthetics

reasons. However, there is rather low levelof knowledge on the energy performanceof DSF among all target groupsThe analysis also showed the lack of regio-nal support, support from the government

Best Facade Non technological Barriers Best Practice for Double Skin Facades

Cutback of non-technological barriers


Costs

Maintenance

Routing of air flowin the facade

Construction ofthe facade

General informationon the facade

Informationabout thebuilding

Location

General Information

Attributes of thedouble skin facade

Factstorey and corridor type, in Belgiumjuxtaposed modules are frequentlyused. The faade gaps are mostlynaturally ventilated (except for Bel-gium, where the indoor air is led bymechanical ventilation via the gapto the centralized air handling unit).The shading is performed mainly withVe is performed mainly with Venetiannetian blinds located in the gap. Thecleaning of the outer shell is done viaa cradle or a lifting platform, the gla-zing of the gap is mainly cleaned fromthe gap or from the interior.


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All existing legislationsapplicable to conventional facades (legis-lation on fire and sound protection, lightingissues etc) are also applied to double skinfacades, since there are no specific onesfor this type of facades. Legislation on fireprotection may be a threat to DSF since the

fire transfer between the rooms and levelshas to be reduced. Additionally sound le-gislation can be a threat when consideringsound transfer between adjacent spacesthrough the DSF cavity. On the other hand,

sound legislation can also be an oppor-tunity to DSF as this type of faade pro-vides better sound insulation than singleskin systems. Legislation on lighting issuescould pose a threat to DSF since the innerlayer of glazing in conjunction with the in-ternal blinds can lower significantly thedaylight factors in the occupied spaces;however a proper design can result in ade-quate visual comfort; and then the legisla-tion is considered as an opportunity to theuse of DSF.All countries have legislation on thermalinsulation and achieved U-values; this isconsidered from most countries as an op-portunity for double skin facades sincethe U-value is usually lower than for other



The analysis showed that in all countriesthere are built examples; the majority ofthem have been constructed recently;however there is no documentation of theirenergy and environmental performance.In terms of the level of knowledge concer-

ning the typology, performance, designand construction of DSF, educational /re-search institutions and big constructionscompanies usually working at an internati-onal level have good knowledge of the DSF

systems. On the other hand, low level ofknowledge is noted in the group of archi-tects, building owners and investors. In thecase of the advantages and disadvantagesof the double skin facades compared tothe conventional systems, it seems thatthe knowledge is low in all target groupsapart from several educational/researchinstitutions that are working in relevantprojects.

Climatic conditionsdo not seem to pose any obstacle in theapplication of DSF. Different systems canbe applied in different countries; furtherdesign considerations should be appliedin extreme climatic conditions i.e. exces-

Best Facade Benchmarks / Certification Best Practice for Double Skin Facades

Benchmarks and Certification


Factstorey and corridor type, in Belgiumjuxtaposed modules are frequentlyused. The faade gaps are mostlynaturally ventilated (except for Bel-gium, where the indoor air is led bymechanical ventilation via the gapto the centralized air handling unit).The shading is performed mainly withVe is performed mainly with Venetiannetian blinds located in the gap. Thecleaning of the outer shell is done viaa cradle or a lifting platform, the gla-zing of the gap is mainly cleaned from

sive hot periods. Full transparency do notseem to pose any threat to the applicationof DSF, it seems that architects desire fulltransparency while users might not like it.Although DSF can be applied in all type ofbuildings, until now they have been usedmainly for office buildings and not so muchfor residential and other type of buildingsbecause of their increased constructionand capital cost. The occupant control forventilation may be a threat to DSF if theirdesign does not allow user control.Regarding the reputation of DSF in allcountries, it seems there is skepticism inthe scientific field concerning the energy


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www.bestfacade.com www.bestfacade.com0 11



All existing legislations applicable to conventional facades (legisla-tion on fire and sound protection, lightingissues etc) are also applied to double skinfacades, since there are no specific onesfor this type of facades. Legislation on fireprotection may be a threat to DSF since the

fire transfer between the rooms and levelshas to be reduced. Additionally sound le-gislation can be a threat when consideringsound transfer between adjacent spacesthrough the DSF cavity. On the other hand,

sound legislation can also be an oppor-tunity to DSF as this type of faade pro-vides better sound insulation than singleskin systems. Legislation on lighting issuescould pose a threat to DSF since the innerlayer of glazing in conjunction with the in-ternal blinds can lower significantly thedaylight factors in the occupied spaces;however a proper design can result in ade-quate visual comfort; and then the legisla-tion is considered as an opportunity to theuse of DSF.All countries have legislation on thermalinsulation and achieved U-values; this isconsidered from most countries as an op-portunity for double skin facades sincethe U-value is usually lower than for other

glazed faade types. However, maximumindoor temperatures could pose a threat toDSF if limits of indoor temperature are tobe observed.The EPBD implementation could be an op-

portunity if the designed DSF is performingwell (due to the presence of the two glazedskins), but it could be a threat if the systemis badly designed and cannot meet thethermal and energy requirements (for exa-mple overheating is observed in summer).In the case of ventilation requirements,these exist in all countries but do not poseany threat to the application of DSF.

The analysis showed thatin all countries there are built examp-

les; the majority of them have been cons-tructed recently; however there is no do-cumentation of their energy and environ-mental performance. In terms of the levelof knowledge concerning the typology,

performance, design and construction ofDSF, educational /research institutionsand big constructions companies usual-ly working at an international level havegood knowledge of the DSF systems. Onthe other hand, low level of knowledgeis noted in the group of architects, buil-ding owners and investors. In the case ofthe advantages and disadvantages of the

double skin facades compared to the con-ventional systems, it seems that the know-ledge is low in all target groups apart fromseveral educational/research institutionsthat are working in relevant projects. Cli-

matic conditions do not seem to pose anyobstacle in the application of DSF. Diffe-rent systems can be applied in differentcountries; further design considerationsshould be applied in extreme climatic con-ditions i.e. excessive hot periods.Full transparency do not seem to pose anythreat to the application of DSF, it seemsthat architects desire full transparencywhile users might not like it.

Although DSF canbe applied in all type of buildings, until owthey have been used mainly for office buil-dings and not so much for residential andother type of buildings because of their in-creased construction and capital cost. The

occupant control for ventilation may be athreat to DSF if their design does not allowuser control. Regarding the reputation ofDSF in all countries, it seems there is skep-ticism in the scientific field concerning the

energy efficiency, the indoor air qualityand thermal comfort levels that this type of

Best Facade Calculation Method Best Practice for Double Skin Facades

Simple Calculation method

Essentially a pair of glass skins separated by an air corridor. The main layer of glass is usually insula- ting. The air space between the layers of glass acts as insulation against temperature extremes, winds,and sound.[Harrison K. & Meyer-Boake T.: The Tectonics of the Environmental Skin, University of Waterloo, School of Architecture, (2003)]

Factstorey and corridor type, in Belgiumjuxtaposed modules are frequentlyused. The faade gaps are mostlynaturally ventilated (except for Bel-gium, where the indoor air is led bymechanical ventilation via the gapto the centralized air handling unit).The shading is performed mainly withVe is performed mainly with Venetiannetian blinds located in the gap. Thecleaning of the outer shell is done viaa cradle or a lifting platform, the gla-


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www.bestfacade.com www.bestfacade.com 1



All existing legislationsapplicable to conventional facades (le-gislation on fire and sound protection,lighting issues etc) are also applied todouble skin facades, since there are nospecific ones for this type of facades. Le-gislation on fire protection may be a threat

to DSF since the fire transfer between therooms and levels has to be reduced. Ad-ditionally sound legislation can be a threatwhen considering sound transfer betweenadjacent spaces through the DSF cavity.

On the other hand, sound legislation canalso be an opportunity to DSF as this typeof faade provides better sound insulati-on than single skin systems. Legislation onlighting issues could pose a threat to DSFsince the inner layer of glazing in conjunc-tion with the internal blinds can lower sig-nificantly the daylight factors in the occu-pied spaces; however a proper design canresult in adequate visual comfort; and thenthe legislation is considered as an opportu-nity to the use of DSF.All countries have legislation on thermalinsulation and achieved U-values; this isconsidered from most countries as an op-portunity for double skin facades sincethe U-value is usually lower than for other



The analysis showedthat in all countries there are built examp-les; the majority of them have been cons-tructed recently; however there is no do-cumentation of their energy and environ-mental performance. In terms of the level

of knowledge concerning the typology, per-formance, design and construction of DSF,educational /research institutions and bigconstructions companies usually workingat an international level have good know-

ledge of the DSF systems. On the otherhand, low level of knowledge is noted inthe group of architects, building ownersand investors. In the case of the advan-tages and disadvantages of the doubleskin facades compared to the conventio-nal systems, it seems that the knowledgeis low in all target groups apart from se-veral educational/research institutions thatare working in relevant projects.

Climatic conditionsdo not seem to pose any obstacle in theapplication of DSF. Different systems canbe applied in different countries; furtherdesign considerations should be appliedin extreme climatic conditions i.e. exces-

sive hot periods. Full transparency do notseem to pose any threat to the applicationof DSF, it seems that architects desire fulltransparency while users might not like it.Although DSF can be applied in all type of

buildings, until now they have been usedmainly for office buildings and not so muchfor residential and other type of buildingsbecause of their increased constructionand capital cost. The occupant control forventilation may be a threat to DSF if theirdesign does not allow user control.Regarding the reputation of DSF in allcountries, it seems there is skepticism inthe scientific field concerning the energyefficiency, the indoor air quality and ther-mal comfort levels that this type of faadecan provide. The reputation is good in thebuilding industry that tries to promote thistype of faade but there is also concern be-cause of the high investment cost. Amongthe majority of the architects the reputa-

tion is good mainly because of aestheticsreasons. However, there is rather low levelof knowledge on the energy performanceof DSF among all target groupsThe analysis also showed the lack of regio-

nal support, support from the government

Best Facade Energy Design Guide Best Practice for Double Skin Facades

Energy Design Guide


Summer mode

Winter mode

AuenluftGDF

Comparison of the measured daily mean values of air temperatures in theGDF gap versus the outside. (May 00 to March 00 )

Factstorey and corridor type, in Belgiumjuxtaposed modules are frequentlyused. The faade gaps are mostlynaturally ventilated (except for Bel-gium, where the indoor air is led bymechanical ventilation via the gapto the centralized air handling unit).The shading is performed mainly withVe is performed mainly with Venetiannetian blinds located in the gap. Thecleaning of the outer shell is done viaa cradle or a lifting platform, the gla-zing of the gap is mainly cleaned from


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All existing legislationsapplicable to conventional facades (le-gislation on fire and sound protection,lighting issues etc) are also applied todouble skin facades, since there are nospecific ones for this type of facades. Le-gislation on fire protection may be a threat

to DSF since the fire transfer between therooms and levels has to be reduced. Ad-ditionally sound legislation can be a threatwhen considering sound transfer betweenadjacent spaces through the DSF cavity.

On the other hand, sound legislation canalso be an opportunity to DSF as this typeof faade provides better sound insulati-on than single skin systems. Legislation onlighting issues could pose a threat to DSFsince the inner layer of glazing in conjunc-tion with the internal blinds can lower sig-nificantly the daylight factors in the occu-pied spaces; however a proper design canresult in adequate visual comfort; and thenthe legislation is considered as an opportu-nity to the use of DSF.All countries have legislation on thermalinsulation and achieved U-values; this isconsidered from most countries as an op-portunity for double skin facades sincethe U-value is usually lower than for other

glazed faade types. However, maximumindoor temperatures could pose a threatto DSF if limits of indoor temperature areto be observed.The EPBD implementati-on could be an opportunity if the designed

DSF is performing well (due to the pres-ence of the two glazed skins), but it couldbe a threat if the system is badly designedand cannot meet the thermal and energyrequirements (for example overheating isobserved in summer).In the case of ventilation requirements,these exist in all countries but do not poseany threat to the application of DSF.

The analysis showedthat in all countries there are built exa-mples; the majority of them have beenconstructed recently; however there is nodocumentation of their energy and envi-ronmental performance. In terms of thelevel of knowledge concerning the typolo-

gy, performance, design and constructionof DSF, educational /research institutionsand big constructions companies usual-ly working at an international level havegood knowledge of the DSF systems. Onthe other hand, low level of knowledgeis noted in the group of architects, buil-

ding owners and investors. In the case ofthe advantages and disadvantages of thedouble skin facades compared to the con-ventional systems, it seems that the know-ledge is low in all target groups apart fromseveral educational/research institutionsthat are working in relevant projects. Cli-

matic conditions do not seem to pose anyobstacle in the application of DSF. Differentsystems can be applied in different coun-tries; further design considerations shouldbe applied in extreme climatic conditionsi.e. excessive hot periods. Full transparen-cy do not seem to pose any threat to the

Best Facade Best Practice Guidelines Best Practice for Double Skin Facades

Best Practise Guidelines


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Standard specifies characteristics of cur-tain walling and provides technical infor-mation on the varying performance re-quirements. Also, the document providesguidance to the curtain wall manufactureron how to meet the requirements of theEuropean Construction Products Directive(CPD). The CE marking is in force from2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation on fire andsound protection, lighting issues etc) arealso applied to double skin facades, sincethere are no specific ones for this type offacades. Legislation on fire protection maybe a threat to DSF since the fire transfer

between the rooms and levels has to bereduced. Additionally sound legislationcan be a threat when considering soundtransfer between adjacent spaces throughthe DSF cavity. On the other hand, sound

legislation can also be an opportunity toDSF as this type of faade provides bettersound insulation than single skin systems.Legislation on lighting issues could pose athreat to DSF since the inner layer of gla-zing in conjunction with the internal blindscan lower significantly the daylight factorsin the occupied spaces; however a properdesign can result in adequate visual com-fort; and then the legislation is consideredas an opportunity to the use of DSF.

The analysis on the non-technological bar-riers to DSF regarding the legislation issuesshows that in the participating countriesapart from one EN 13830 standards. ThisEuropean Standard specifies characteris-tics of curtain walling and provides tech-nical information on th E EN 13830 stan-dards. This European Standard specifiescharacteristics of curtain walling and pro-vides technical information on the varyingperformance requirements. Also, the do-cument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation N 13830

standards. This European Standard speci-fies characteristics of curtain walling andprovides technical information on the va-rying performance requirements. Also, thedocument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation e varyingperformance requirements. Also, the do-cument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation there is no




legislation can also be an opportunity toDSF as this type of faade provides bettersound insulation than single skin systems.Legislation on lighting issues could pose athreat to DSF since the inner layer of gla-zing in conjunction with the internal blinds

The analysis on the non-technological bar-riers to DSF regarding the legislation issuesshows that in the participating countriesapart from one EN 13830 standards. ThisEuropean Standard specifies characteris-tics of curtain walling and provides tech-nical information on th E EN 13830 stan-dards. This European Standard specifiescharacteristics of curtain walling and pro-vides technical information on the varyingperformance requirements. Also, the do-cument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation N 13830standards. This European Standard speci-

fies characteristics of curtain walling andprovides technical information on the va-rying performance requirements. Also, thedocument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation e varyingperformance requirements. Also, the do-cument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation there is no


Standard specifies characteristics of cur-tain walling and provides technical infor-mation on the varying performance re-quirements. Also, the document providesguidance to the curtain wall manufactureron how to meet the requirements of theEuropean Construction Products Directive(CPD). The CE marking is in force from2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation on fire andsound protection, lighting issues etc) arealso applied to double skin facades, sincethere are no specific ones for this type offacades. Legislation on fire protection maybe a threat to DSF since the fire transferbetween the rooms and levels has to be

reduced. Additionally sound legislationcan be a threat when considering soundtransfer between adjacent spaces throughthe DSF cavity. On the other hand, soundlegislation can also be an opportunity to

DSF as this type of faade provides bettersound insulation than single skin systems.Legislation on lighting issues could pose athreat to DSF since the inner layer of gla-zing in conjunction with the internal blindscan lower significantly the daylight factorsin the occupied spaces; however a properdesign can result in adequate visual com-fort; and then the legislation is consideredas an opportunity to the use of DSF.All countries have legislation on thermalinsulation and achieved U-values; this is



fies characteristics of curtain walling andprovides technical information on the va-rying performance requirements. Also, thedocument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation e varyingperformance requirements. Also, the do-cument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation there is noawareness of the EN 13830 standards.

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legislation can also be an opportunity toDSF as this type of faade provides bettersound insulation than single skin systems.Legislation on lighting issues could pose athreat to DSF since the inner layer of gla-zing in conjunction with the internal blindscan lower significantly the daylight factorsin the occupied spaces; however a properdesign can result in adequate visual com-fort; and then the legislation is consideredas an opportunity to the use of DSF.

The analysis on the non-technological bar-riers to DSF regarding the legislation issuesshows that in the participating countriesapart from one EN 13830 standards. ThisEuropean Standard specifies characteris-tics of curtain walling and provides tech-nical information on th E EN 13830 stan-dards. This European Standard specifiescharacteristics of curtain walling and pro-vides technical information on the varyingperformance requirements. Also, the do-cument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation N 13830

standards. This European Standard speci-fies characteristics of curtain walling andprovides technical information on the va-rying performance requirements. Also, thedocument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation e varyingperformance requirements. Also, the do-cument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation there is no




legislation can also be an opportunity toDSF as this type of faade provides bettersound insulation than single skin systems.Legislation on lighting issues could pose athreat to DSF since the inner layer of gla-zing in conjunction with the internal blinds


fies characteristics of curtain walling andprovides technical information on the va-rying performance requirements. Also, thedocument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation e varyingperformance requirements. Also, the do-cument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation there is no


Standard specifies characteristics of cur-tain walling and provides technical infor-mation on the varying performance re-quirements. Also, the document providesguidance to the curtain wall manufactureron how to meet the requirements of theEuropean Construction Products Directive(CPD). The CE marking is in force from2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation on fire andsound protection, lighting issues etc) arealso applied to double skin facades, sincethere are no specific ones for this type offacades. Legislation on fire protection maybe a threat to DSF since the fire transferbetween the rooms and levels has to be

reduced. Additionally sound legislationcan be a threat when considering soundtransfer between adjacent spaces throughthe DSF cavity. On the other hand, soundlegislation can also be an opportunity to

DSF as this type of faade provides bettersound insulation than single skin systems.Legislation on lighting issues could pose athreat to DSF since the inner layer of gla-zing in conjunction with the internal blindscan lower significantly the daylight factorsin the occupied spaces; however a properdesign can result in adequate visual com-fort; and then the legislation is consideredas an opportunity to the use of DSF.All countries have legislation on thermalinsulation and achieved U-values; this is



fies characteristics of curtain walling andprovides technical information on the va-rying performance requirements. Also, thedocument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation e varyingperformance requirements. Also, the do-cument provides guidance to the curtainwall manufacturer on how to meet the re-quirements of the European ConstructionProducts Directive (CPD). The CE markingis in force from 2005.All existing legislations applicable to con-ventional facades (legislation there is noawareness of the EN 13830 standards.

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Best Facade Members Best Practice for Double Skin Facades

MCE Anlagenbau Austria Graz University of

Technology Institute of

Thermal Engineering

Fraunhofer Gesellschaft

Institute for Building Physics

National and Kapodistrian

University of Athens

C.Kiossefidis S.A.

ENTPE-Laboratoire Sciences

de lHabitat-CNRS-DGCB

Instituto de Soldadura

e Qualidade

Lund University Belgian Building Research

Institute

WSP Sverige ABReynaers Aluminium NV Skanska Teknik AB

The sole responsibility for the content of this poster lies with the authors. It does not represent

the opinion of the Community. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that

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