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TRANSCRIPT
Best Practice LCA:
Land Use Change Emissions
Thursday 29th January 2015
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Your hosts
Jim Craig
Product Marketing
Product Sustainability
Alex Liedke
Consultant
Content Team
Best Practice LCA:
Land Use Change
Emissions
Agenda
1. Introduction Land Use Change
2. Standards & Methods
3. Direct Land Use Change in GaBi
4. Example in GaBi
5. Summary
6. Questions & Answers
5
Introduction
Land Use
Change
6
7
Challenges of the future… (examples)
… ongoing urbanization of an
increasing amount of people
… environmental problems
… increasing demand for food,
feed and biofuels… loss of biodiversity
8
Challenges of the future…
… affect land use
9
Land Use
The total of arrangements, activities,
and inputs undertaken in a certain land
cover type (a set of human actions).
Change in the use or management of
land by humans, which may lead to a
change in land cover. (IPCC)
Source: WWF
BEFORE AFTER
Land Use Change
Seite 10
LANCA® Method
Occupation indicator values = (Q(t4)-Q(t2))*area*time of occupation
Transformation indicator values = (Q(t4)-Q(t1))*area
Occupation and Transformation
m2 * year
m2
11
What is Land Use Change (LUC)?
The difference between direct and indirect LUC
CO2
CO2
dLUC iLUCdLUC
12
What is Land Use Change (LUC)?
Direct Land Use Change (dLUC)
ISO 14067: change in human use or
management of land within the product
system being assessed
Indirect Land Use Change (iLUC)
ISO 14067: change in the use or
management of land which is a
consequence of direct land use change but
which occurs outside the production
system
CO2
CO2
dLUC iLUCdLUC
Standards &
Methods
13
Not required according to LCA standards
14
Indirect LUC (iLUC)
PEF “No widely accepted provisions exist for the calculation of emissions
resulting from indirect land use change, (..). These shall not be assessed
in the PEF study.”
ISO 14067 „iLUC should be considered once an internationally agreed procedure
exists“
ILCD “Indirect land use changes are an aspect under consequential modelling”
PAS 2050:2011 “While GHG emissions also arise from iLUC, the methods and data
requirements for calculating these emissions are not fully developed.
Therefore, the assessment of emissions arising from indirect land use
change is not included in this PAS. The inclusion of indirect land use
change will be considered in future revisions of this PAS.”
GHG protocol “(..) This displacement is a result of market factors and calculated using
data consistent with a consequential approach. Therefore, the inclusion
of indirect land-use change is not a requirement of this standard.”
Comparison of carbon stocks
• Before land use change
• After land use change
In a nut shell…
15
Direct LUC
Difference is a release/ uptake of
carbon emissons
16
Emissions from Land Use Change
Major carbon pools (IPCC 2006)
Aboveground Biomass
Belowground Biomass
Soil organic matter
Dead organic matter
(wood and litter)
For the calculation of carbon stock
17
Land categories (IPCC)
Forest land;
Crop land;
Grassland; Other land;
Settlements
Wetland
Time frame of analysis
Important aspects
18
Direct land use change
Allocation of emissions to product
Assessment of land area /land cover
type where the land use is changed
Data sources
Assumptions on carbon stocks
Standard Method
PEF handbook “Greenhouse gas emissions that occur as a result of direct land use change shall
be allocated to goods/services for 20 years after the land use change occurs using the IPCC
default values table.”
Further specification: Calculations are based on ENVIFOOD protocol (BSI PAS 2050:2011 / PAS
2050-1:2012) For the release and uptake of CO2 caused by direct land use change, the use of the
most recent IPCC CO2 emission factors shall be used, unless more accurate, specific data
are available.
ISO 14067 in accordance with internationally recognized methods such as IPCC guidelines for National GHG
inventories
WRI GHG Protocol Calculation method provided, data sources suggested
PAS 2050 Specific calculation method provided, data sources are defined (see below)
EC ILCD handbook Calculation method provided, data sources suggested
19
Requirements
Direct LUC
PAS 2050:2011 PAS 2050-1:2012
20
Methodology – PAS 2050
„Very simplified approach“ „Simplified, feasible approach“
Production country Previous use
Unknown Unknown
Known Unknown
Known known
3 different scenarios
21
PAS 2050-1
Production country Previous use
Unknown Unknown
Known Unknown
Known known
3 different scenarios
22
PAS 2050-1
• 20 years prior to assessment shall be considered
• Reduced amount of land categories
• 2 calculations shall be done
• Average
• weighted
• Average
Forest
Grasland
Cropland *
Calculations
23
PAS 2050-1
Cropland *
* Perennial or annual
• Average
Forest
Grasland
Cropland *
Calculations
24
PAS 2050-1
• Weighted
Specific share of different types of land use change are calculated (formulas given)
Examples
Cropland *
* Perennial or annual
Situation 1 Situation 3Situation 2 Cropland *
• Average
Forest
Grasland
Cropland *
Estimations
25
PAS 2050-1
• Weighted
Specific share of different types of land use change are calculated (formulas given)
Examples
Cropland *
* Perennial or annual
Situation 1 Situation 3Situation 2 Cropland *
ENVIFOOD Protocol
• Average
Forest
Grasland
Cropland *
Estimations
26
PAS 2050-1
• Weighted
Specific share of different types of land use change are calculated (formulas given)
Examples
Cropland *
* Perennial or annual
Situation 1 Situation 3Situation 2 Cropland *
ENVIFOOD Protocol
Direct Land Use
Change in GaBi
27
Extension database XX: Food & Feed
> 350 datasets
Cradle-to-gate and gate-to-gate LCIs
Available 2014
Ongoing data development
Annual upgrades
Different allocations
Land Use Change emissions
Production & consumption mixes
28
Extension database XX: Food & Feed
29
Cereals, leguminous crops, oil seeds
Growing of perennial crops
Growing of annual crops
Animal production
Crops and animals
Cocoa, chocolate and sugar
Dairy products
Grain mill products
Processing and preserving of meat
Starches and starch products
Vegetable and animal oils and fats
Manufacturing
30
In GaBi 2013 only for selected datasets…
Direct Land Use Change in GaBi
AR Soybean
with LUC
without LUC
BR Soybean
with LUC
without LUC
Sugar cane etc.
• Products with high
impact from LUC
• Methodology (e.g. WRI
GHG protocol) and
specific data sources
(e.g. literature) are used
(described in process
documentation)
• 2 datasets – naming
with and without LUC
31
Direct Land Use Change in GaBi
Challenge
Some users/approaches need / some do not want CO2 effects due to land use
change
Solution
• CO2 effects due to land use change now introduced as separate flow
• Land use change can therefore be included or excluded by the user
Introduction of a new flow
32
Direct Land Use Change in GaBi
Introduction of new quantities - example
Solution for existing datasets “with LUC”
• renamed into: “(incl. LUC as fossil CO2)”
• no double counting of fossil LUC emissions
Example in
GaBi
33
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Example in GaBi
Create balance of a
plan / process
35
Example in GaBi
Have a look at
the balance tab
in the balance
36
Example in GaBi
Unfold the category „emissions to air“
37
Example in GaBi
Select the
quantities
38
Example in GaBi
You made it
Summary
39
40
Direct Land Use Change in GaBi
• Direct Land Use Change (LUC) emissions in all agricultural datasets
• Consistent methodology (ENVIFOOD protocol based on PAS
2050:2012-1)
• Consistent data sources (FAOSTAT, IPCC, FAO, EC JRC)
• Additional flow “Carbon dioxide (Land use change)“
• Additional flow is included in all datasets
• Impact assessment possible with or without LUC emissions
Source: WWF
z
Questions & Answers
41
Thank you
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