beyond linux from scratch - version 6.3

Beyond Linux From ScratchVersion 6.3

BLFS Development Team

Beyond Linux From Scratch: Version 6.3by BLFS Development Team

Published 2008-08-24Copyright 2001-2008 BLFS Development Team

Abstract

This book follows on from the Linux From Scratch book. It introduces and guides the reader through additions to the system includingnetworking, graphical interfaces, sound support, and printer and scanner support.

Revision HistoryRevision 6.3 2008-08-24 Seventh releaseRevision 6.2.0 2007-02-14 Sixth releaseRevision 6.1 2005-08-14 Fifth releaseRevision 6.0 2005-04-02 Fourth releaseRevision 5.1 2004-06-05 Third releaseRevision 5.0 2003-11-06 Second releaseRevision 1.0 2003-04-25 First releaseCopyright 2001-2008, BLFS Development Team

All rights reserved.

Descriptive text is licensed under a Creative Commons License.

Computer instructions are licensed under the Academic Free License v. 2.1.

Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Beyond Linux From Scratch - Version 6.3

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DedicationThis book is dedicated to the LFS community


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Table of ContentsPreface ..................................................................................................................................................................... xiv

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ xvWho Would Want to Read this Book ............................................................................................................... xvOrganization ...................................................................................................................................................... xviErrata ................................................................................................................................................................ xvii

I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 11. Welcome to BLFS ........................................................................................................................................... 2

Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................... 2Credits ............................................................................................................................................................ 2Which Sections of the Book Do I Want? ..................................................................................................... 5Conventions Used in this Book ..................................................................................................................... 6Book Version ................................................................................................................................................. 7Mirror Sites .................................................................................................................................................... 7Getting the Source Packages ......................................................................................................................... 7Change Log .................................................................................................................................................... 8Mailing Lists ................................................................................................................................................ 31BLFS Wiki ................................................................................................................................................... 31Asking for Help and the FAQ ..................................................................................................................... 32Contact Information ..................................................................................................................................... 33

2. Important Information .................................................................................................................................... 34Notes on Building Software ........................................................................................................................ 34The /usr Versus /usr/local Debate ............................................................................................................... 38Optional Patches .......................................................................................................................................... 39BLFS Boot Scripts ....................................................................................................................................... 39Locale Related Issues ................................................................................................................................... 39Going Beyond BLFS ................................................................................................................................... 43

II. Post LFS Configuration and Extra Software ...................................................................................................... 453. After LFS Configuration Issues .................................................................................................................... 46

Creating a Custom Boot Device .................................................................................................................. 46Configuring for Adding Users ..................................................................................................................... 47About System Users and Groups ................................................................................................................ 48About Devices .............................................................................................................................................. 50The Bash Shell Startup Files ....................................................................................................................... 51The /etc/vimrc and ~/.vimrc Files ............................................................................................................... 59Customizing your Logon with /etc/issue ..................................................................................................... 59The /etc/shells File ....................................................................................................................................... 60Random Number Generation ....................................................................................................................... 61Compressing Man and Info Pages ............................................................................................................... 61Automate Mounting of File Systems ........................................................................................................... 74Configuring for Network Filesystems ......................................................................................................... 77

4. Security .......................................................................................................................................................... 78OpenSSL-0.9.8g ........................................................................................................................................... 79GnuTLS-1.6.3 ............................................................................................................................................... 81CrackLib-2.8.12 ............................................................................................................................................ 83Linux-PAM-0.99.10.0 .................................................................................................................................. 86


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Shadow-4.0.18.1 ........................................................................................................................................... 89Iptables-1.3.8 ................................................................................................................................................ 98Setting Up a Network Firewall .................................................................................................................. 100GnuPG-1.4.7 ............................................................................................................................................... 109GnuPG-2.0.8 ............................................................................................................................................... 111Tripwire-2.4.1.2 .......................................................................................................................................... 114Heimdal-1.1 ................................................................................................................................................ 117MIT Kerberos V5-1.6 ................................................................................................................................ 126Cyrus SASL-2.1.22 .................................................................................................................................... 133Stunnel-4.21 ................................................................................................................................................ 136Sudo-1.6.9p15 ............................................................................................................................................. 140NSS-3.11.7 ................................................................................................................................................. 143

5. File Systems ................................................................................................................................................. 146ReiserFS-3.6.20 .......................................................................................................................................... 147XFS-2.9.7 ................................................................................................................................................... 149

6. Editors .......................................................................................................................................................... 151Vim-7.1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 152Emacs-22.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 155Nano-2.0.7 .................................................................................................................................................. 157JOE-3.5 ....................................................................................................................................................... 159Ed-0.8 ......................................................................................................................................................... 160Bluefish-1.0.7 ............................................................................................................................................. 161Other Editors .............................................................................................................................................. 163

7. Shells ............................................................................................................................................................ 164Tcsh-6.15.00 ............................................................................................................................................... 165ZSH-4.3.6 ................................................................................................................................................... 167Dash-0.5.4 ................................................................................................................................................... 170ksh-2008-02-02 ........................................................................................................................................... 172

III. General Libraries and Utilities ........................................................................................................................ 1748. General Libraries ......................................................................................................................................... 175

PCRE-7.6 .................................................................................................................................................... 176Popt-1.10.4 ................................................................................................................................................. 178S-Lang-2.1.3 ............................................................................................................................................... 179Gamin-0.1.9 ................................................................................................................................................ 181libxml2-2.6.31 ............................................................................................................................................ 183libxslt-1.1.22 ............................................................................................................................................... 185libgtkhtml-2.11.1 ........................................................................................................................................ 186GMP-4.2.2 .................................................................................................................................................. 187GDBM-1.8.3 ............................................................................................................................................... 189GLib-1.2.10 ................................................................................................................................................ 190GLib-2.12.12 .............................................................................................................................................. 191LibIDL-0.8.8 ............................................................................................................................................... 193Libcroco-0.6.1 ............................................................................................................................................ 195libgsf-1.14.7 ................................................................................................................................................ 196libglade-2.6.1 .............................................................................................................................................. 198Expat-2.0.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 199libESMTP-1.0.4 .......................................................................................................................................... 200


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Aspell-0.60.5 .............................................................................................................................................. 201SLIB-3a4 .................................................................................................................................................... 203G-Wrap-1.3.4 .............................................................................................................................................. 205LZO-2.02 .................................................................................................................................................... 207libusb-0.1.12 ............................................................................................................................................... 208ISO Codes-1.2 ............................................................................................................................................ 210GMime-2.2.10 ............................................................................................................................................ 211Libidn-0.6.14 .............................................................................................................................................. 213libdrm-2.3.0 ................................................................................................................................................ 215D-Bus Bindings .......................................................................................................................................... 216libpthread-stubs-0.1 .................................................................................................................................... 219Pth-2.0.7 ..................................................................................................................................................... 220Libassuan-1.0.4 ........................................................................................................................................... 221Libgpg-error-1.5 ......................................................................................................................................... 223Libgcrypt-1.2.4 ........................................................................................................................................... 224Libksba-1.0.2 .............................................................................................................................................. 226Mowgli-0.6.1 .............................................................................................................................................. 228mcs-0.7.0 .................................................................................................................................................... 229

9. Graphics and Font Libraries ........................................................................................................................ 231libjpeg-6b .................................................................................................................................................... 232libpng-1.2.29 ............................................................................................................................................... 234LibTIFF-3.8.2 ............................................................................................................................................. 236giflib-4.1.4 .................................................................................................................................................. 238little cms-1.16 ............................................................................................................................................. 240libmng-1.0.9 ............................................................................................................................................... 242FreeType-2.3.7 ........................................................................................................................................... 244Fontconfig-2.4.2 ......................................................................................................................................... 246libart_lgpl-2.3.19 ........................................................................................................................................ 249librsvg-2.16.1 .............................................................................................................................................. 250AAlib-1.4rc5 ............................................................................................................................................... 252Imlib2-1.4.0 ................................................................................................................................................ 253libexif-0.6.16 .............................................................................................................................................. 255FriBidi-0.10.8 ............................................................................................................................................. 256Poppler-0.5.4 .............................................................................................................................................. 257

10. General Utilities ......................................................................................................................................... 260Bc-1.06 ....................................................................................................................................................... 261Rep-gtk-0.18 ............................................................................................................................................... 263Compface-1.5.2 .......................................................................................................................................... 264ImageMagick-6.3.5-10 ............................................................................................................................... 265Hd2u-1.0.1 .................................................................................................................................................. 268GTK-Doc-1.8 .............................................................................................................................................. 269ScrollKeeper-0.3.14 .................................................................................................................................... 271Intltool-0.35.5 ............................................................................................................................................. 273Screen-4.0.3 ................................................................................................................................................ 275HTML Tidy-cvs_20070326 ....................................................................................................................... 277desktop-file-utils-0.13 ................................................................................................................................. 279XScreenSaver-5.03 ..................................................................................................................................... 281


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pilot-link-0.12.2 .......................................................................................................................................... 283unixODBC-2.2.12 ....................................................................................................................................... 285Graphviz-2.12 ............................................................................................................................................. 288xterm-231 ................................................................................................................................................... 292rman-3.2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 294Recode-3.6 .................................................................................................................................................. 295icon-naming-utils-0.8.2 .............................................................................................................................. 297rxvt-unicode-9.02 ....................................................................................................................................... 298PIN-Entry-0.7.3 .......................................................................................................................................... 300Gperf-3.0.3 ................................................................................................................................................. 302

11. System Utilities .......................................................................................................................................... 303GPM-1.20.1 ................................................................................................................................................ 304Fcron-3.0.3 ................................................................................................................................................. 306Hdparm-7.7 ................................................................................................................................................. 308Which-2.19 and Alternatives ..................................................................................................................... 309UnZip-5.52 ................................................................................................................................................. 311Zip-2.32 ...................................................................................................................................................... 314UnRar-3.7.8 ................................................................................................................................................ 315PCI Utilities-2.2.3 ...................................................................................................................................... 316usbutils-0.72 ............................................................................................................................................... 318pkg-config-0.22 .......................................................................................................................................... 320cpio-2.9 ....................................................................................................................................................... 321MC-4.6.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 323Sysstat-7.0.4 ............................................................................................................................................... 326Apache Ant-1.7.0 ....................................................................................................................................... 328D-BUS-1.0.2 ............................................................................................................................................... 330HAL-0.5.9.1 ................................................................................................................................................ 334

12. Programming .............................................................................................................................................. 341DejaGnu-1.4.4 ............................................................................................................................................ 342Doxygen-1.5.2 ............................................................................................................................................ 343Expect-5.43.0 .............................................................................................................................................. 345GC-6.8 ........................................................................................................................................................ 348GCC-4.1.2 ................................................................................................................................................... 350GCC-3.3.6 ................................................................................................................................................... 355Guile-1.8.2 .................................................................................................................................................. 357JDK-6 Update 5 ......................................................................................................................................... 360JUnit-4.3.1 .................................................................................................................................................. 365Librep-0.17 ................................................................................................................................................. 366NASM-0.98.39 ........................................................................................................................................... 367PDL-2.4.2 ................................................................................................................................................... 369Perl Modules .............................................................................................................................................. 374PHP-5.2.3 ................................................................................................................................................... 383Python-2.5.2 ............................................................................................................................................... 387Python Modules ......................................................................................................................................... 389Ruby-1.8.6-p111 ......................................................................................................................................... 397Tcl-8.4.18 ................................................................................................................................................... 399Tk-8.4.18 .................................................................................................................................................... 401


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Other Programming Tools ......................................................................................................................... 403IV. Basic Networking ............................................................................................................................................ 422

13. Connecting to a Network ........................................................................................................................... 423PPP-2.4.4 .................................................................................................................................................... 424dhcpcd-3.0.19 ............................................................................................................................................. 432DHCP-3.0.6 Client Configuration ............................................................................................................. 434

14. Networking Libraries ................................................................................................................................. 436cURL-7.16.3 ............................................................................................................................................... 437GNet-2.0.7 .................................................................................................................................................. 439libsoup-2.2.100 ........................................................................................................................................... 440libpcap-0.9.6 ............................................................................................................................................... 441

15. Text Web Browsers ................................................................................................................................... 442Links-2.1pre33 ............................................................................................................................................ 443Lynx-2.8.6rel.5 ........................................................................................................................................... 446W3m-0.5.2 .................................................................................................................................................. 449

16. Basic Networking Programs ...................................................................................................................... 451CVS-1.11.22 ............................................................................................................................................... 452Inetutils-1.5 ................................................................................................................................................. 455NcFTP-3.2.1 ............................................................................................................................................... 457Net-tools-1.60 ............................................................................................................................................. 459NFS Utilities-1.1.2 Client .......................................................................................................................... 461NTP-4.2.4p0 ............................................................................................................................................... 462OpenSSH-4.7p1 Client ............................................................................................................................... 465Portmap-6.0 ................................................................................................................................................ 466Rsync-3.0.2 Client ...................................................................................................................................... 468Samba-3.0.30 Client ................................................................................................................................... 468Subversion-1.4.4 ......................................................................................................................................... 469TCP Wrapper-7.6 ....................................................................................................................................... 473Wget-1.10.2 ................................................................................................................................................ 475Wireless Tools-28 ...................................................................................................................................... 477Other Networking Programs ...................................................................................................................... 479

17. Basic Networking Utilities ........................................................................................................................ 480Traceroute-1.4a12 ....................................................................................................................................... 481Nmap-4.20 .................................................................................................................................................. 483Whois-4.7.26 .............................................................................................................................................. 484BIND Utilities-9.4.1-P1 ............................................................................................................................. 485Wireshark-0.99.6 ........................................................................................................................................ 487

18. Mail/News Clients ..................................................................................................................................... 490Heirloom mailx-12.2 .................................................................................................................................. 491Procmail-3.22 ............................................................................................................................................. 493Fetchmail-6.3.8 ........................................................................................................................................... 495Mutt-1.5.17 ................................................................................................................................................. 497Pine-4.64 ..................................................................................................................................................... 500TIN-1.8.3 .................................................................................................................................................... 502Other Mail and News Programs ................................................................................................................ 504

V. Servers ............................................................................................................................................................... 50519. Major Servers ............................................................................................................................................. 506


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Apache-2.2.8 ............................................................................................................................................... 507BIND-9.4.1-P1 ........................................................................................................................................... 511NFS Utilities-1.1.2 ..................................................................................................................................... 519OpenSSH-4.7p1 .......................................................................................................................................... 523ProFTPD-1.3.0 ........................................................................................................................................... 526Samba-3.0.30 .............................................................................................................................................. 529vsftpd-2.0.5 ................................................................................................................................................. 538xinetd-2.3.14 ............................................................................................................................................... 540

20. Mail Server Software ................................................................................................................................. 552Exim-4.67 ................................................................................................................................................... 553Postfix-2.5.1 ............................................................................................................................................... 557Qpopper-4.0.9 ............................................................................................................................................. 563Sendmail-8.14.1 .......................................................................................................................................... 566

21. Databases ................................................................................................................................................... 570Berkeley DB-4.5.20 ................................................................................................................................... 571MySQL-5.0.41 ............................................................................................................................................ 574PostgreSQL-8.2.4 ....................................................................................................................................... 578

22. Other Server Software ............................................................................................................................... 582DHCP-3.0.6 ................................................................................................................................................ 583Leafnode-1.11.5 .......................................................................................................................................... 586OpenLDAP-2.3.39 ...................................................................................................................................... 589rsync-3.0.2 .................................................................................................................................................. 594Running a CVS Server .............................................................................................................................. 597Running a Subversion Server .................................................................................................................... 600

VI. X + Window Managers ................................................................................................................................... 60423. X Window System Environment ............................................................................................................... 605

The X Window SystemIntroduction to Xorg-7.2 ............................................................................................................................ 605Xorg Protocol Headers ............................................................................................................................... 608Xorg Utilities .............................................................................................................................................. 609libXau-1.0.3 ................................................................................................................................................ 611libXdmcp-1.0.2 ........................................................................................................................................... 612xcb-proto-1.0 .............................................................................................................................................. 613libxcb-1.0 .................................................................................................................................................... 614Xorg Libraries ............................................................................................................................................ 616Xbitmaps-1.0.1 ........................................................................................................................................... 620Xorg Applications ...................................................................................................................................... 621xcursor-themes-1.0.1 .................................................................................................................................. 626Xorg Fonts .................................................................................................................................................. 627XKeyboardConfig-1.2 ................................................................................................................................ 629Luit-1.0.2 .................................................................................................................................................... 630Xorg-Server-1.2.0 ....................................................................................................................................... 631Xorg Drivers .............................................................................................................................................. 634Configuring X Window SystemX Window System Components ................................................................................................................ 635Additional X Window System Configuration ........................................................................................... 642

24. X Libraries ................................................................................................................................................. 645


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Qt-3.3.8b ..................................................................................................................................................... 646Qt-4.3.4 ....................................................................................................................................................... 652GTK+-1.2.10 .............................................................................................................................................. 656cairo-1.4.14 ................................................................................................................................................. 658Pango-1.16.4 ............................................................................................................................................... 660ATK-1.18.0 ................................................................................................................................................. 662GTK+-2.10.13 ............................................................................................................................................ 663LessTif-0.95.0 ............................................................................................................................................. 665startup-notification-0.9 ............................................................................................................................... 668libwnck-2.18.3 ............................................................................................................................................ 669shared-mime-info-0.21 ............................................................................................................................... 670hicolor-icon-theme-0.10 ............................................................................................................................. 672libxklavier-3.2 ............................................................................................................................................ 673freeglut-2.4.0 .............................................................................................................................................. 674GOffice-0.6.1 .............................................................................................................................................. 675MesaLib-6.5.2 ............................................................................................................................................. 677

25. Window Managers ..................................................................................................................................... 680Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 680sawfish-1.3 .................................................................................................................................................. 681Fluxbox-0.9.15.1 ........................................................................................................................................ 683Metacity-2.18.5 ........................................................................................................................................... 686Other Window Managers ........................................................................................................................... 688

VII. KDE ................................................................................................................................................................ 68926. KDE Core Packages .................................................................................................................................. 691

KDE Pre-installation Configuration ........................................................................................................... 691aRts-1.5.9 .................................................................................................................................................... 693Kdelibs-3.5.9 .............................................................................................................................................. 695Kdebase-3.5.9 ............................................................................................................................................. 698Configuring the Core KDE Packages ........................................................................................................ 701

27. KDE Additional Packages ......................................................................................................................... 702Kdeadmin-3.5.9 .......................................................................................................................................... 703Kdenetwork-3.5.9 ....................................................................................................................................... 705Kdepim-3.5.9 .............................................................................................................................................. 707Kdemultimedia-3.5.9 .................................................................................................................................. 709Kdegraphics-3.5.9 ....................................................................................................................................... 712Kdeutils-3.5.9 ............................................................................................................................................. 714Kdeedu-3.5.9 .............................................................................................................................................. 716Kdeaccessibility-3.5.9 ................................................................................................................................ 718Kdetoys-3.5.9 ............................................................................................................................................. 720Kdegames-3.5.9 .......................................................................................................................................... 722Kdeartwork-3.5.9 ........................................................................................................................................ 723Kdeaddons-3.5.9 ......................................................................................................................................... 724Kde-i18n-3.5.9 ............................................................................................................................................ 725

28. KDE Software and WEB Development Packages .................................................................................... 727Kdesdk-3.5.9 ............................................................................................................................................... 728Kdevelop-3.5.1 ........................................................................................................................................... 730Kdewebdev-3.5.9 ........................................................................................................................................ 732


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Kdebindings-3.5.9 ...................................................................................................................................... 734VIII. GNOME ........................................................................................................................................................ 736

29. GNOME Core Packages ............................................................................................................................ 738Pre-installation Configuration .................................................................................................................... 738PlatformORBit2-2.14.7 ............................................................................................................................................ 740libbonobo-2.18.0 ......................................................................................................................................... 742GConf-2.18.0.1 ........................................................................................................................................... 744shared-mime-info-0.21 ............................................................................................................................... 746GNOME MIME Data-2.4.3 ....................................................................................................................... 747hicolor-icon-theme-0.10 ............................................................................................................................. 749desktop-file-utils-0.13 ................................................................................................................................. 749GNOME Virtual File System-2.18.1 ......................................................................................................... 750GNOME VFS Monikers-2.15.3 ................................................................................................................. 752libgnome-2.18.0 .......................................................................................................................................... 753libgnomecanvas-2.14.0 ............................................................................................................................... 755libbonoboui-2.18.0 ..................................................................................................................................... 757gnome-keyring-0.8.1 .................................................................................................................................. 759GNOME Icon Theme-2.18.0 ..................................................................................................................... 761libgnomeui-2.18.1 ....................................................................................................................................... 762GAIL-1.18.0 ............................................................................................................................................... 764DesktopGTK Engines-2.10.2 .................................................................................................................................. 766GNOME Themes-2.18.1 ............................................................................................................................ 767GNOME Doc Utils-0.10.3 ......................................................................................................................... 768GNOME Desktop-2.18.3 ............................................................................................................................ 770gnome-backgrounds-2.18.3 ........................................................................................................................ 772gnome-menus-2.18.3 .................................................................................................................................. 774GNOME Panel-2.18.3 ................................................................................................................................ 777VTE-0.16.6 ................................................................................................................................................. 779GNOME Terminal-2.18.1 .......................................................................................................................... 781LibGTop-2.14.9 .......................................................................................................................................... 783libgnomekbd-2.18.2 .................................................................................................................................... 785EEL-2.18.3 ................................................................................................................................................. 787Nautilus-2.18.3 ........................................................................................................................................... 788Control Center-2.18.1 ................................................................................................................................. 790GNOME Applets-2.18.0 ............................................................................................................................ 792GNOME Session-2.18.3 ............................................................................................................................. 794Yelp-2.18.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 796GNOME User Docs-2.18.2 ........................................................................................................................ 798Configuring the Core GNOME Packages ................................................................................................. 800

30. GNOME Additional Packages ................................................................................................................... 801LibrariesEvolution Data Server-1.10.3 .................................................................................................................... 802gnome-audio-2.0.0 ...................................................................................................................................... 805GtkHTML-3.14.3 ....................................................................................................................................... 806gtksourceview-1.8.5 ................................................................................................................................... 808


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libgnomecups-0.2.2 .................................................................................................................................... 810libgnomeprint-2.18.0 .................................................................................................................................. 812libgnomeprintui-2.18.0 ............................................................................................................................... 814system-tools-backends-1.4.2 ...................................................................................................................... 816Utilitiesbug-buddy-2.18.1 ....................................................................................................................................... 818Ekiga-2.0.9 ................................................................................................................................................. 820EOG-2.18.2 ................................................................................................................................................. 822Epiphany-2.18.3 ......................................................................................................................................... 824Evince-0.8.3 ................................................................................................................................................ 826File Roller-2.18.4 ....................................................................................................................................... 828gcalctool-5.9.14 .......................................................................................................................................... 830GConf Editor-2.18.0 ................................................................................................................................... 832GDM-2.18.3 ............................................................................................................................................... 834gedit-2.18.2 ................................................................................................................................................. 838GNOME Games-2.18.2.1 ........................................................................................................................... 840GNOME Keyring Manager-2.18.0 ............................................................................................................ 842GNOME Media-2.18.0 ............................................................................................................................... 844gnome-mount-0.6 ....................................................................................................................................... 846GNOME Netstatus-2.12.1 .......................................................................................................................... 848gnome-screensaver-2.18.2 .......................................................................................................................... 850GNOME System Monitor-2.18.2 ............................................................................................................... 854GNOME Utilities-2.18.1 ............................................................................................................................ 856gnome-volume-manager-2.17.0 .................................................................................................................. 858gucharmap-1.10.0 ....................................................................................................................................... 860Nautilus CD Burner-2.18.2 ........................................................................................................................ 862Sound Juicer-2.16.4 .................................................................................................................................... 864Totem-2.18.2 .............................................................................................................................................. 866Zenity-2.18.2 .............................................................................................................................................. 868AccessibilityAT SPI-1.18.1 ............................................................................................................................................ 870GNOME Magnifier-0.14.6 ......................................................................................................................... 872GNOME Speech-0.4.16 ............................................................................................................................. 874GOK-1.2.5 .................................................................................................................................................. 876Java Access Bridge-1.18.0 ......................................................................................................................... 878libgail-gnome-1.18.0 .................................................................................................................................. 880Orca-2.18.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 881

IX. X Software ....................................................................................................................................................... 88331. Individual Office Programs ....................................................................................................................... 884

AbiWord-2.4.6 ............................................................................................................................................ 885Gnumeric-1.8.2 ........................................................................................................................................... 889GnuCash-2.2.4 ............................................................................................................................................ 892GIMP-2.2.17 ............................................................................................................................................... 896Evolution-2.10.3 ......................................................................................................................................... 899

32. Office Suites .............................................................................................................................................. 902KOffice-1.6.3 .............................................................................................................................................. 903OpenOffice-2.3.1 ........................................................................................................................................ 905


xi

33. Graphical Web Browsers ........................................................................................................................... 911SeaMonkey-1.1.9 ........................................................................................................................................ 912Firefox-2.0.0.15 .......................................................................................................................................... 919Konqueror-3.5.9 ......................................................................................................................................... 925

34. Other X-based Internet Programs .............................................................................................................. 926Thunderbird-2.0.0.12 .................................................................................................................................. 927Pan-0.14.2 ................................................................................................................................................... 933Balsa-2.3.22 ................................................................................................................................................ 934Pidgin-2.1.0 ................................................................................................................................................ 936XChat-2.8.4 ................................................................................................................................................ 939

X. Multimedia ........................................................................................................................................................ 94135. Multimedia Libraries and Drivers ............................................................................................................. 942

ALSA-1.0.13 .............................................................................................................................................. 942ALSA Library-1.0.13 ................................................................................................................................. 943ALSA Plugins-1.0.13 ................................................................................................................................. 945ALSA Utilities-1.0.13 ................................................................................................................................ 947ALSA Tools-1.0.13 .................................................................................................................................... 950ALSA Firmware-1.0.13 ............................................................................................................................. 953ALSA OSS-1.0.12 ...................................................................................................................................... 954aRts-1.5.9 .................................................................................................................................................... 956Audio File-0.2.6 ......................................................................................................................................... 957EsounD-0.2.37 ............................................................................................................................................ 958SDL-1.2.11 ................................................................................................................................................. 960Libao-0.8.8 ................................................................................................................................................. 962libogg-1.1.3 ................................................................................................................................................. 964libvorbis-1.2.0 ............................................................................................................................................. 965FAAC-1.26 ................................................................................................................................................. 967FAAD2-2.6.1 .............................................................................................................................................. 969NAS-1.9 ...................................................................................................................................................... 971LibMPEG3-1.7 ........................................................................................................................................... 973libmad-0.15.1b ............................................................................................................................................ 975libquicktime-1.0.0 ....................................................................................................................................... 977libFAME-0.9.1 ........................................................................................................................................... 979Speex-1.0.5 ................................................................................................................................................. 981Id3lib-3.8.3 ................................................................................................................................................. 982FLAC-1.2.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 983libdvdcss-1.2.9 ............................................................................................................................................ 985Libdvdread-0.9.7 ........................................................................................................................................ 987Libdv-1.0.0 ................................................................................................................................................. 988Liba52-0.7.4 ............................................................................................................................................... 989XviD-1.1.3 .................................................................................................................................................. 990Xine Libraries-1.1.12 ................................................................................................................................. 992Libmikmod-3.1.11 ...................................................................................................................................... 994GStreamer-0.10.13 ..................................................................................................................................... 996GStreamer Base Plug-ins-0.10.13 .............................................................................................................. 999GStreamer Good Plug-ins-0.10.6 ............................................................................................................. 1001GStreamer Ugly Plug-ins-0.10.6 .............................................................................................................. 1003


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libmusicbrainz-2.1.5 ................................................................................................................................. 1005libmpeg2-0.4.1 .......................................................................................................................................... 1007

36. Audio Utilities ......................................................................................................................................... 1009Mpg123-1.4.2 ........................................................................................................................................... 1010Vorbis Tools-1.2.0 ................................................................................................................................... 1011XMMS-1.2.10 ........................................................................................................................................... 1013LAME-3.97 .............................................................................................................................................. 1015CDParanoia-III-9.8 ................................................................................................................................... 1017FreeTTS-1.2.1 ........................................................................................................................................... 1019Audacious-1.3.2 ........................................................................................................................................ 1022Amarok-1.4.8 ............................................................................................................................................ 1025

37. Video Utilities .......................................................................................................................................... 1027FFmpeg-svn_20070606 ............................................................................................................................ 1028Avifile-0.7.45 ........................................................................................................................................... 1031MPlayer-1.0rc1 ......................................................................................................................................... 1033Xine User Interface-0.99.5 ....................................................................................................................... 1039Transcode-1.0.3 ........................................................................................................................................ 1041

38. CD/DVD-Writing Utilities ....................................................................................................................... 1044Cdrtools-2.01 ............................................................................................................................................ 1045Cdrdao-1.2.2 ............................................................................................................................................. 1047UDFtools-1.0.0b3 ..................................................................................................................................... 1049dvd+rw-tools-7.0 ...................................................................................................................................... 1051K3b-1.0.4 .................................................................................................................................................. 1053

XI. Printing, Scanning and Typesetting .............................................................................................................. 105539. Printing ..................................................................................................................................................... 1056

CUPS-1.2.12 ............................................................................................................................................. 1057LPRng-3.8.28 ........................................................................................................................................... 1060AFPL Ghostscript-8.53 ............................................................................................................................ 1063ESP Ghostscript-8.15.4 ............................................................................................................................ 1065Gutenprint-5.0.1 ....................................................................................................................................... 1068

40. Scanning ................................................................................................................................................... 1070SANE-1.0.18 ............................................................................................................................................ 1071XSane-0.994 ............................................................................................................................................. 1075

41. Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) .................................................................................. 1077SGML Common-0.6.3 ............................................................................................................................. 1078DocBook SGML DTD-3.1 ....................................................................................................................... 1080DocBook SGML DTD-4.5 ....................................................................................................................... 1082OpenSP-1.5.2 ............................................................................................................................................ 1084OpenJade-1.3.2 ......................................................................................................................................... 1087DocBook DSSSL Stylesheets-1.79 .......................................................................................................... 1089DocBook-utils-0.6.14 ............................................................................................................................... 1091

42. Extensible Markup Language (XML) ..................................................................................................... 1093DocBook XML DTD-4.5 ......................................................................................................................... 1094DocBook XSL Stylesheets-1.71.1 ........................................................................................................... 1098

43. PostScript ................................................................................................................................................. 1101a2ps-4.14 .................................................................................................................................................. 1102Enscript-1.6.4 ........................................................................................................................................... 1105


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PSUtils-p17 ............................................................................................................................................... 1107GSview-4.8 ............................................................................................................................................... 1109Xpdf-3.02 .................................................................................................................................................. 1111FOP-0.93 .................................................................................................................................................. 1114paps-0.6.8 ................................................................................................................................................. 1118Other PostScript Programs ....................................................................................................................... 1119

44. Typesetting ............................................................................................................................................... 1120teTeX-3.0 .................................................................................................................................................. 1121JadeTeX-3.13 ............................................................................................................................................ 1125

A. Creative Commons License ............................................................................................................................ 1129B. Academic Free License v. 2.1 ........................................................................................................................ 1134Glossary ................................................................................................................................................................ 1137Index ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1145


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PrefaceHaving helped out with Linux From Scratch for a short time, I noticed that we were getting many queries as to howto do things beyond the base LFS system. At the time, the only assistance specifically offered relating to LFS werethe LFS hints (http:// www. linuxfromscratch. org/ hints). Most of the LFS hints are extremely good and well writtenbut I (and others) could still see a need for more comprehensive help to go Beyond LFS - hence BLFS.BLFS aims to be more than the LFS-hints converted to XML although much of our work is based around the hintsand indeed some authors write both hints and the relevant BLFS sections. We hope that we can provide you withenough information to not only manage to build your system up to what you want, whether it be a web server or amultimedia desktop system, but also that you will learn a lot about system configuration as you go.Thanks as ever go to everyone in the LFS/BLFS community; especially those who have contributed instructions,written text, answered questions and generally shouted when things were wrong!Finally, we encourage you to become involved in the community; ask questions on the mailing list or news gatewayand join in the fun on #lfs at irc.linuxfromscratch.org. You can find more details about all of these in the Introductionsection of the book.Enjoy using BLFS.

Mark Hymersmarkh linuxfromscratch.orgBLFS Editor (July 2001March 2003)

I still remember how I found the BLFS project and started using the instructions that were completed at the time.I could not believe how wonderful it was to get an application up and running very quickly, with explanations asto why things were done a certain way. Unfortunately, for me, it wasn't long before I was opening applications thathad nothing more than "To be done" on the page. I did what most would do, I waited for someone else to do it. Itwasn't too long before I am looking through Bugzilla for something easy to do. As with any learning experience, thedefinition of what was easy kept changing.We still encourage you to become involved as BLFS is never really finished. Contributing or just using, we hopeyou enjoy your BLFS experience.

Larry Lawrencelarry linuxfromscratch.orgBLFS Editor (March 2003June 2004)

The BLFS project is a natural progression of LFS. Together, these projects provide a unique resource for the OpenSource Community. They take the mystery out of the process of building a complete, functional software system fromthe source code contributed by many talented individuals throughout the world. They truly allow users to implementthe slogan "Your distro, your rules."Our goal is to continue to provide the best resource available that shows you how to integrate many significant OpenSource applications. Since these applications are constantly updated and new applications are developed, this bookwill never be complete. Additionally, there is always room for improvement in explaining the nuances of how toinstall the different packages. To make these improvements, we need your feedback. I encourage you to participateon the different mailing lists, news groups, and IRC channels to help meet these goals.

Bruce Dubbsbdubbs linuxfromscratch.orgBLFS Editor (June 2004December 2006)


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My introduction to the [B]LFS project was actually by accident. I was trying to build a GNOME environment usingsome how-tos and other information I found on the web. A couple of times I ran into some build issues and Googlingpulled up some old BLFS mailing list messages. Out for curiosity, I visited the Linux From Scratch web site andshortly thereafter was hooked. I've not used any other Linux distribution for personal use since.

I can't promise anyone will feel the sense of satisfaction I felt after building my first few systems using [B]LFSinstructions, but I sincerely hope that your BLFS experience is as rewarding for you as it has been for me.

The BLFS project has grown significantly the last couple of years. There are more package instructions and relateddependencies than ever before. The project requires your input for continued success. If you discover that you enjoybuilding BLFS, please consider helping out in any way you can. BLFS requires hundreds of hours of maintenance tokeep it even semi-current. If you feel confident enough in your editing skills, please consider joining the BLFS team.Simply contributing to the mailing list discussions with sound advice and/or providing patches to the book's XMLwill probably result in you receiving an invitation to join the team.

Randy McMurchyrandy linuxfromscratch.orgBLFS Editor (December 2006Present)

ForewordBLFS version 6.3 is the complement to the LFS 6.3 book. It has been 18 months since the last release of BLFS andalmost 12 months since LFS-6.3 was released. Though we would like to release BLFS versions as quickly as possibleafter an LFS release, this version lagged a bit due to Editor inactivity. However, early on in 2008 several new Editorswere brought on board which helped stimulate a flurry of activity. Many new packages have been introduced in the6.3 version,

beyond linux from scratch - version 6.3

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