bhatinda - geology and hydrology

A PRESENTATION

ON GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY

OF A CITY

(SUB- APPLIED GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY,BPLN0208)

Quila Mubarak Prepared by- Abhishek2014bpln022

INTRODUCTIONPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTUREPHYSIOGRAPHY & CLIMATERECREATIONALENVIRONMENTAL STATUSCONCLUSIONBIBLIOGRAPHY

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Today, we are going to see a city which has a history older than 1200 years, settled in northern India, 328.14 km away from national capital, 5th largest city of its states on account of substantial industrial development that has taken place its growth impulses have led to growth outside the limits of its municipality Bhatinda, Punjab

Map. 1.


1 INTRODUCTION

Bhatinda, Punjab

Area of Bhatinda District- 571.54 sq. kmTahsils - Rampur a phul, Tailwindi sabo, Bhatinda

No. of Towns- 12No. of Villages- 281

Regional setting of bhatindaArea of municipality – 73 sq. kmLocated in Malwa region of southern PunjabLatitude- 30° 4’ 30” N to 30° 4’ 20” NLongitude- 74° 47’ 50” E to 75° 10’ 00” EHinterland is fertile and rich in agriculture.Bhatinda comprises 3 towns Bhatinda, Goniana , Bhucho mandi, SangatRecognizing the need for development of regulation of the entire influenced area of bhatinda City, Govt. of Punjab initially declared the Bhatinda Local Planning Area in July 2007 also known as LPA Bhatinda

Map. 2. Map. 3.


2 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Bhatinda, Punjab

Sources of Water-Ground Water and Surface Water

Ground water quality not satisfactory 85% city is covered with pipe water supply total 68 sq. km areaWater supply handled by PHD to all villages in municipalityAs regards sewage 65% population has facility Ground water is 12m below River Sutlej nearest to bhatinda located 100 km north

Fig. 3. Sources of Water in Bhatinda

Low lying Areas are flood prone during monsoon due to absence of planned storm water drainage. Let flood water in sewer environmentally undesirableCollection & Transportation of solid waste is managed by Municipal Corporation . No following of Ministry of Environment and Forest Rules

Map. 4.Map. 5.

Map. 3. Showing Water supply by Public Health Department (source :- PHD, Bhatinda, Punjab )


Bhatinda, Punjab

3 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

Max. Elevation

220.6 m

Min. Elevation 197.5 m

Types of soils 2

Map.6.

The master slope of the area is towards Southwest.

The district has two types of soils, the arid brown soils and

siezoram soils.

The arid brown soils are found in mostly eastern parts of the district and siezorem soils are found in the western part of the district.

Max. temp. in summers

49° C

Min. temp. in winters

-1.4 ° C

Green Revolution



Bhatinda, Punjab

Sandy soil in rural areas Big sand dunes due to area has seen many changesNo river flow through Local Planning AreaSirihind canal crosses in middle providing a good irrigation work

The district Bhatinda as well as LPA lie in South-western region of the state and is far away from the Shivalik Hill ranges in North east

Dusty region and dust laden winds are very common Weather- dry but very humid in mid –dayNearer to Thar Desert has a very hot summer

Map. 4.

Sirihind Canal

Chart .1.



Bhatinda, Punjab


4 RECREATIONAL

Bhatinda, Punjab

Lakes – 149. 89 hectares ( 2.2% of total municipality area)

Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant

The Peninsula Mall

Mittal Mall Water Reservoirs

Rose Garden

Lake 1


5 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

Bhatinda, Punjab

SPM (µg/m3 )

SO2 (µg/m3 ) NO2 (µg/m3 )

Residential and Commercial( permissible levels)

120 80 80

Industrial(permissible levels)

200 120 120

Annual Avg. of city ( Recorded on 7 of every month)

277 (425 on May 7th )

10(17 on July 7th)

29(35 on April 17th)

Source: Punjab Pollution Control Board, Bhatinda, year 2007

Emission generated by fuel burnt by industries have contributed in lowering Air quality

Major contributors of Air PollutionVehiclesAbsence of Public TransportNarrow RoadsPower generatorsSmoke by Industries

Air Pollution



Bhatinda, Punjab

Existence of Dirty Water Ponds



Bhatinda, Punjab

Here it contains high amount Cl and F make ground water unfit for

Ground Water Pollution

And for plant lifeUnsafe ground water leads to many diseases

The use of brackish ground water for agricultural purposes has also led to the degradation of the soil and presence of heavy metals into soil and vegetable crops grown in the area.

Reasons

Human settlements near canal Industrial units located near to the canal.


6 CONCLUSION

Bhatinda, Punjab

SUSTAINABLE

"The environment must be protected… to preserve essential ecosystem functions and

to provide for the well being of future generations; environmental and economic

policy must be integrated; the goal of policy should be an improvement in the overall

quality of life, not just income growth; poverty must be ended and resources

distributed more equally; and all sections of society must be involved in decision

making".






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7 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bhatinda, Punjab

Information source: Bhatinda Master Plan 2021Image courtesy : Google images

bhatinda - geology and hydrology

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