bien dang han
TRANSCRIPT
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1 Cc nguyn nhn gy ra bin dng hnHn nung nng lm ngui dn n co rt Nu dn n t do co rt t do khng c bin dng hoc ng sut d! "#u$ tr%nh dn n b& hn ch ng sut n'n (t khi ng sut n) *!+t ,u$ gi-i hn.n h/i c01 *2t li3u m4i hn b& n'n bin dng d5o khi ngui s6 c k7ch th!-cnh8 9 ng:n h;n ng sut 9 bin dng trng kim loi m4i hn; t7nh kim loi th1) .?i khi nung nng
@hAo s; ./ trBn th% modun .n h/i C gi-i hn bDn gi=m nh1nh C h3 s4 dn n nhi3t tEnh1nh m4i hn lun c bin dng 9 ng sut$c h%nh th$i bin dng hn(t s4 c$c gi=i h$ hn ch bin dng hn
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>o rt bin dng ng1ng"
>ng thc thc nghi3m t7nh . co rt
Jin dng gc
>ng thc thc nghi3m t7nh bin dng gc
c$c gi$ tr& c01
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Jin dng di
>ng thc t7nh
so s$nh giF1 cng thc t7nh bin dng di * thc nghi3m
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(t s4 c$c gi=i h$ ch4ng bin dng
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1 Types and causes1.1 What causes distortion?
JAc1usA KAlding in*ol*As highl) loc1lisAd hA1ting oL Moint AdgAs to LusA thA mnon uniLorm strAssAs 1rA sAt u in thA com onAnt bAc1usA oL AO 1nsion 1nd contthA hA1tAd m1tAri1l< Pniti1ll)C com rAssi*A strAssAs 1rA crA1tAd in thA surroun 1rAnt mAt1l KhAn thA KAld ool is LormAd duA to thA thArm1l AO 1nsion oL thA hA1t 1LLActAd QonA" 1dM1cAnt to thA KAld ool< HoKA*ArC tAnsilA strAssAs ocKhAn thA contr1ction oL thA KAld mAt1l 1nd thA immAdi1tA hA1t 1LLActAd QonA b) thA bulk oL thA cold 1rAnt mAt1l(n stAAlC thA moltAn KAld mAt1l *olumA Kill bA rA1 roOim1tAl) ST on solidiLic1tion 1nd thA *olumA oL thA solidiLiAd KAld mAt11LLActAd QonA HUV" Kill bA rAducAd b) 1 LurthAr WT 1s its tAm Ar1turA L1lmAlting oint oL stAAl to room tAm Ar1turAourtAs) ohn UllAn
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2.1 (esign principles
Ut thA dAsign st1gAC KAlding distortion c1n oLtAn bA rA*AntAdC or 1t lA1st rAstconsidAringZ
1" Alimin1tion oL KAlding
b" KAld l1cAmAntc" rAducing thA *olumA oL KAld mAt1ld" rAducing thA numbAr oL runsA" usA oL b1l1ncAd KAlding
2.1.1 )limination of welding
Us distortion 1nd shrink1gA 1rA 1n inA*it1blArAsult oL KAldingC good dAsign rA,uirAs th1tnot onl) thA 1mount oL KAlding is kA t to 1minimumC but 1lso thA sm1llAst 1mount oLKAld mAt1l is dA ositAd< `Alding c1n oLtAn bAAlimin1tAd 1t thA dAsign st1gA b) Lorming thA l1tA or using 1 st1nd1rd rollAd sActionC 1sshoKn