Big Data in Biology

Future Scope and Study

WHAT IS BIG DATA??

So, how is this data produced??● The data produced by the social

media in a single minute is

astounding!

● All this data is stored and

analyzed for many obvious

reasons.

how is it related to biology??

● DNA-DeoxyriboNucleicAcid

● DNA carries all the genetic information

in our body.

● It drives the human body.

● Genome is an organism’s complete set

of DNA.

human genome project● It is an international scientific research project.

● The goal of the project is to determine the sequence of chemical base

pairs that make up human DNA.

● The project was successfully completed in 2003 and 90% of the human

genome was sequenced.

● This was just a start of a new era of sequencing.

Why do we need sequencing?

Bacterial Lights in Paris Genetically modified mosquitoes

Why do we need sequencing?

CRISPR/Cas9

Big data parkingClouds are a solution, but they also throw up fresh challenges. Ironically, their proliferation

can cause a bottleneck if data end up parked on several clouds and thus still need to

be moved to be shared.

And clouds means entrusting valuable data to a distant service provider who may be

subject to power changes or other disruptions.

Scientists experiment with different constellations to suit their needs and trust levels.

Clouds can be used for both data storage and computing.

This reduces the overhead of transferring the data into a local machine and computing it on

the local machine.

Databases storing these genomics

● The information necessary to build and control any living organism is written in its

genome and it took 13 years to decipher.

● A single decade later sequencing a genome takes a few hours on a machine that fits on

a tabletop.

● The tsunami of biological data generates new problems, it needs to be analysed

properly to unearth and retrieve the exciting knowledge it contains.

● Getting the most from the data requires interpreting them in light of all the relevant prior

knowledge.

● That means scientists have to store a large data sets, and analyse, compare and share

them - not simple tasks.

What are we concerned about??

It is estimated that by 2025 , exabytes(1018) of genomics data will be produced globally

and will far exceed from twitter and facebook.

Moreover, the genomics data being produced roughly doubles every year and will

require new solutions in precision and accuracy for storage, analysis and sharing.

The European Bioinformatics Institute(EBI), UK, part of the European Molecular Biology

Laboratory and one of the world’s largest biology-data repositories, currently stores

20 petabytes(20*1015) of data and back-ups about genes, proteins and small

molecules.

Genomic data accounts for 2 petabytes of that, a number that more than doubles every

year.

Data Explosion

5D storage of data

Storing data using dna molecules● This could be the future of the data

storage.

● DNA molecules can store huge amounts

of data.

● DNA storage is robust.

How do we do it??

Microsoft has already started storing some of its data using DNA.

The first phase of demonstration was successfully completed.

Microsoft partnered with the startup “Twist Bioscience” which produced oligonucleotides for

them and arranged them in the sequence specified.

One of the drawbacks of this storage is it cannot be commercialised.

Thank You. Have a good day.