bimr annual report 2013 · bimr annual report – 2013 2 about the director dr. bruce d. gaulin was...

BIMR Annual Report

2013

BIMR Annual Report – 2013

1

Welcome

About the Director

Bertram Brockhouse

Facilities

Staff

Facilities Advisory

Oversight Committee

International Advisory

Committee

Education & Outreach

BIMR Seminars

Scientific Highlights

Publications

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It is a pleasure to report on the status and

progress of the Brockhouse Institute for

Materials Research (BIMR) for the 2013

calendar year.

2013 was an exciting year which saw the

entry of new, and sophisticated Auger

spectroscopy and Atom Probe

infrastructure into the user program of the

Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy,

and the start of the “SANS for Nanostructured Materials” CFI

project. As you’ll see detailed in this report, 133 scientific

publications directly enabled by BIMR infrastructure and technical

expertise were published in 2013.

The BIMR plans for and operates sophisticated infrastructure for

the production and advanced characterization of materials.

It also both disseminates and celebrates research achievement covering a wide range of scientific and

engineering interests, related to materials.

At present we operate roughly $40M in research infrastructure, and aim to make this forefront investment

available to a large materials research community at McMaster, and to both the national and international

materials research community. We currently have more than $10M in additional new research

infrastructure under either procurement or construction.

There are more than 130 independent principal investigators who are officially BIMR members – they are

drawn from all the traditional materials science disciplines in academia, such as Physics, Chemistry,

Materials Science and Engineering, and Chemical Engineering, but less traditional disciplines as well,

such as Biochemistry and Anthropology. We also have many users and collaborators drawn from the

industrial and government research sectors. The training and education of the next generation of

materials scientists is central to our overall mission. In any one year, as many as 500 highly qualified

personnel, both within and external to McMaster, are making use of BIMR infrastructure and technical

expertise to further the interests of their dissertation research or scholarly interests.

Founded in 1969, the BIMR is one of the oldest and largest materials research institutes in North

America. Most of our infrastructure is physically located in the Arthur Bournes Building at McMaster,

with new infrastructure under construction within the McMaster Nuclear Reactor. A key to our success is

our skilled and experienced technical staff, who allow the sophisticated research infrastructure to be

optimally exploited by a large and diverse user base.

This annual report will discuss the materials research infrastructure which we operated in 2013, and some

of the initiatives we are currently working on to broaden and increase our impact in forefront materials

research. The report discusses our extensive BIMR seminar program and special outreach events that we

held in 2013. Finally and most importantly we detail our bottom line – our record of materials research

accomplishment for 2013, primarily in the form of scientific publications which depended critically on

access to BIMR sophisticated infrastructure and technical expertise.

Dr. Bruce D. Gaulin


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About the Director Dr. Bruce D. Gaulin was appointed Director of the BIMR in 2009. A longtime member of the

Institute, he is expert at neutron and x-ray scattering studies of materials, and is the Scientific

Director of the Centre for Crystal Growth within the BIMR. He is co-author of more than 160

scientific publications and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the American Physical

Society. He is a Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, and has held the

Brockhouse Chair in the Physics of Materials since 1998.

Bertram N. Brockhouse 1918 - 2003

Bertram N. Brockhouse, a McMaster University Professor from 1962 until

his retirement in 1984, is the only scientist working in Canada to have

been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. He is also the most recent

recipient of a Nobel Prize in any discipline who performed their work in

Canada. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics with Clifford G.

Shull of MIT, for the development of neutron spectroscopy as a probe of

condensed matter. As described in the October 1994 press release from

the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences: “In simple terms, Clifford G.

Shull has helped answer the question of where atoms "are" and Bertram

N. Brockhouse the question of what atoms "do"”. Bert was recognized

with many other distinctions in his lifetime, including the Order of

Canada, Fellowship in both the Royal Society (London) and the Royal

Society of Canada, the Oliver Buckley Prize from the American Physical

Society, and the CAP Medal for Lifetime Achievement in Physics from

the Canadian Association of Physicists.

Bert Brockhouse was a founding member of the Institute for Materials Research at McMaster, the

forerunner to the BIMR. The Institute for Materials Research was renamed the Brockhouse Institute for

Materials Research in his honour in 1995.

Many of his McMaster graduate students have themselves gone on to international prominence, including

Mike Rowe (NIST) and Sow-Hsin Chen (MIT), both of whom have been awarded the Shull Prize from

the Neutron Scattering Society of America; Eric Svensson (AECL, Chalk River); John Copley and Bill

Kamitakahara (both at NIST); and Doug Hallman (Laurentian).

Bert was born July 15, 1918 in Lethbridge, Alberta. He grew up in Vancouver and first worked as a

laboratory assistant, and then as a self-employed radio repairman, both in Vancouver and in Chicago. He

spent World War II in the Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve working as an electronics technician.

He attended the University of British Columbia and graduated in 1947 with his BSc. in Mathematics and

Physics. Bert then moved to the University of Toronto for his MSc. and PhD. studies in experimental

physics, graduating in 1950. He moved to the Chalk River Laboratories where he worked from 1950 –

1962 on pioneering the development of inelastic neutron scattering techniques. Bertram Brockhouse

passed away October 13, 2003.


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Facilities

Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy (CCEM) The Canadian

Centre for Electron Microscopy (CCEM) provides a suite of world-class

electron microscopy capabilities and expertise to our user base of

materials researchers working on a broad range of materials science and

engineering. Infrastructure within the CCEM includes apparatus for both

scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron

microscopy (TEM). Associated sample preparation infrastructure, including a focused ion beam (FIB)

apparatus is available such that electron microscopy projects can be as comprehensive as possible. In

particular, two state-of-the-art aberration-corrected TITAN TEMS allows for unprecedented spatial

resolution of structure and for electron spectroscopy, and are among the most scientifically productive

anywhere in the world. Expert technical staff enables this unique infrastructure to be optimally exploited.

Centre for Crystal Growth (CCG) The BIMR is home to Canada’s most

extensive suite of infrastructure dedicated to the crystal growth of new

and existing materials, the Centre for Crystal Growth (CCG). The CCG is

centered on several large crystal growth furnaces which are optimized for

the growth of different types of crystals. However, crucial to the success

of the CCG is the fact that supporting sample preparation and

characterization infrastructure is also present, where it is used to prepare the starting materials required

for crystal growth, to anneal or post-anneal materials at intermediate stages in the crystal growth process,

and characterization infrastructure which allows the crystal grower to assess which phases of crystalline

materials are being produced, and what the nature of the impurities are in the growth process. A

successful program of crystal growth is a multistep process which alternates between sample preparation,

sample characterization, and single crystal growth and iterates on itself until the desired large and pristine

single crystal of a new material is achieved.

McMaster Analytical X-ray Diffraction Facility (MAX) MAX is a

service, research and teaching laboratory operated jointly by the BIMR

and the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology. It is a leader in

materials characterization by x-ray diffraction in Canada. MAX is

comprised of state-of-the-art x-ray crystallography infrastructure

enabling comprehensive crystallographic studies ranging from routine

chemical crystallography, powder phase analysis and Rietveld refinements to reciprocal space analysis,

texture analysis, thin film analysis, the monitoring of phase changes, and solving difficult single crystal

structures.

Cryogenic Characterization Facility The electronic and magnetic

properties of materials are often key to their characterization and

application. The electronic/magnetic characterization facility operates a

Quantum Design SQUID magnetometer with capability of measurements

between 1.8 and 800K and magnetic fields up to 5T. It also operates a

Quantum Design PPMS and Oxford Instruments Maglab system with

capabilities for measuring AC susceptibility, specific heat and electrical transport between 1.5K and 400K

in magnetic fields up to 9T. The facility also operates the He liquefier for the Institute.


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BIMR Technical and Administrative Staff

Forefront materials research programs require access to

cutting edge instrumentation, but also to knowledgeable

and engaged technical staff who can both maintain the

equipment, and make sure it is ultimately exploited. It

is really the combination of the unique infrastructure

and the skilled BIMR technical staff that makes the

BIMR as productive as it is. The organizational chart

for the BIMR is shown below:

Organizational Chart


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Facilities Advisory Oversight Committee

The BIMR Director receives advice as to scientific direction and problem resolution from a

Director’s Advisory Committee which meets once or twice a year. It is constituted by major BIMR

users and BIMR facility directors, and its membership is intended to change on an approximate 3 year cycle. In 2013 the Facilities Advisory Oversight Committee was made up of:

Gianluigi Botton (Scientific Director of CCEM, McMaster University) Professor

Botton is in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at McMaster. He

received his B. Eng Physics, 1987, his Ph. D. in Materials Engineering, 1992 from

Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal. He is Canada Research Chair in Microscopy of

Nanoscale Materials and his research activities include: Microscopy of nanostractured

materials; transmission electron microscopy; electron energy-loss spectroscopy and

structure-properties in nanoscale materials.

Graeme Luke, (Director of Cryogenic Facilities, McMaster University) Professor

Luke is in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at McMaster. He received his

PhD from the University of British Columbia in 1988. He was a post-doctoral

fellow at Columbia University from 1988-91 and a faculty member there from 1991

to 1998. He moved to McMaster in 1998, where his research interests are in the

area of highly correlated electron systems, with an emphasis on superconductivity

and magnetism. He is presently a Senior Fellow in the Quantum Materials Program

of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.

Peter Mascher (Director of McMaster Intense Positron Beam Facility (MIPBF),

McMaster University) Professor Mascher is in the Department of Engineering Physics

at McMaster. He obtained a PhD in Engineering Physics in 1984 from the Graz

University of Technology in Austria and spent about four years as a post-doctoral

fellow and research associate at the University of Winnipeg. He joined McMaster

University in 1989 and holds the William Sinclair Chair in Optoelectronics, and serves

as Associate Dean (Research) of Engineering. Since 2010, he has led the MIPBF

positron initiative, currently under construction at the McMaster Nuclear Reactor

Yurij Mozharivskyj Professor Mozharivskyj is in the Department of Chemistry and

Chemical Biology at McMaster University, where he holds a Tier II Canada

Research Chair in Solid State Chemistry of Responsive Materials. Professor

Mozharivskyj received his Ph.D. from Iowa State University in 2002. In 2010 he

was awarded Margaret C. Etter Early Career Award from the American

Crystallographic Association. Currently his research takes him in two directions:

magnetocaloric phases (materials for magnetic refrigeration) and thermoelectric

phases of new materials.


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International Advisory Committee

Mary Anne White (Past-Director, Institute for Research Materials, Dalhousie

University) Professor White is Killam Research Professor in Materials Science, and

also Professor of Chemistry and Physics, at Dalhousie University. Prof. White received

her BSc. from the University of Western Ontario in 1975, and her PhD from McMaster

University in 1980, working with Prof. J.A. Morrison, founding Director of the BIMR.

She has been a faculty member at Dalhousie since 1983, where her research interests

are focused on the thermal properties of materials.

Warren Poole Professor Poole is the Department Head of Materials Engineering at the

University of British Columbia and currently holds the Rio Tinto Alcan Chair in

Materials Process Engineering. He received his Bachelor’s Degree from the University

of Western Ontario and his Ph.D. from McMaster University. Following a Post-

Doctoral Fellowship at the University of Cambridge, he worked in industry as a

research engineer. He has an extensive history of productive collaboration with the key

players in the Canadian metals industry.

Peter Schiffer Dr. Schiffer, a condensed matter experimentalist, is currently a professor

of physics and Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of Illinois at Urbana-

Champaign. He received his bachelor’s degree from Yale University and his Ph. D.

from Stanford University. Following two years as a postdoctoral member of the

technical staff of AT&T Bell Laboratories, he became an assistant professor of physics

at the University of Notre Dame. He moved to Pennsylvania State University where he

was promoted to full professor. Professor Schiffer received the Presidential Early

Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) from the Army Research Office

in 1997, a Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award from the National Science

Foundation in 1997, and was named an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow in 1998. He was

elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2004 "for pioneering studies of novel magnetic

materials including colossal magnotoresistance manganites and geometrically frustrated magnets."

David Cory Dr. Cory holds a Canada Excellence Research Chair and is a professor

of chemistry at the University of Waterloo. He received his bachelor’s degree and

Ph. D. from the Case Western Reserve University, and became a professor of

Nuclear Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he made

significant breakthroughs in quantum information processing by advancing nuclear

magnetic resonance methods. His work has had a range of applications from the

medical field to the oil industry. He is a visiting researcher at the Perimeter Institute

for Theoretical Physics and is chair of the advisory committee for the Canadian Institute for

Advanced Research.


7

Education and Outreach

BIMR Workshops, Conferences & Summer Schools

A key component of the BIMR’s mission is to disseminate recent

important results from the national and international materials research

community, as well as to stimulate lively discussion related to

contemporary materials problems. Our Seminar, Workshop, and

Conference program also provides a vehicle for stimulating new

collaborations and opportunities for multi and interdisciplinary studies.

This is important for our faculty members and external user base, but

also for the large cohort of highly qualified personnel, who usually

make up a large fraction of the audience for these events.

The following Summer Schools and Conferences were organized by the BIMR during 2013:

Advanced Characterization of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials

May 17, 2013

A one day workshop jointly organized by the NSERC APC networks CaRPE-FC and LIB to discuss

and present advanced characterization techniques and their applications to study novel catalysts and

membranes for fuel cell and novel battery material. The aim was to promote network interaction and

introduce participants to a variety of characterization techniques and demonstrate advances in

instrumentation. The workshop included demonstrations of advanced instrument on site at the

CCEM.

A Sesquicentennial (and then some!) in Superconductivity and Metals Physics

May 23-24, 2013

This conference celebrated the combined achievements of Tom Timusk and Jules P. Carbotte to our

understanding of metals and superconductors. It included 13 invited talks, some by alumni of the

Timusk and Carbotte groups.

CCEM Summer School on Electron Microscopy June 24-28, 2013

A 5-day course for users with experience in electron microscopy, on the fundamentals of aberration

corrected imaging, electron energy loss spectroscopy, electron tomography, ultimate physical limits

(beam damage and resolution) and the use of aberration-corrected electron microscopes. The aim is

to provide students advice in solving characterization problems with the help of experts. The course

will include lectures given by experts in the use of the technique and experts in electron optics,

alignment and optimization of electron microscopes and EELS spectrometers. Students will have

plenty of opportunities for hands-on training on the alignment and operation of the electron

microscopes with the experts from the microscope and spectrometer companies. Students are

encouraged to bring their own TEM-ready samples. Two FEI Titan microscopes with correctors and

monochromators (Quantum and Tridiem spectrometers) and one FEI Osiris with SuperEDX and a

FS1 spectrometer will be used for training.


8

CINS 2013 Annual General Meeting

October 25-26, 2013 The BIMR hosted the 2013 Canadian Institute for Neutron Scattering AGM. Highlights included a

keynote lecture by Mark Lumsden of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and a tour of the McMaster

Nuclear Reactor facility.

BIMR Seminars The BIMR Seminar Committee consists of BIMR members from the range of materials science

interests which the BIMR serves. These Seminar Committee members are charged with putting

together a high quality engaging series of seminars on contemporary problems in materials research.

Seminar speakers typically spend from 1-3 days on campus and have ample opportunity of meet with

BIMR faculty members, users and as well as grad students and other highly qualified personnel.

BIMR 2013 Seminar Committee members

Graeme Luke, Physics and Astronomy John Greedan, Chemistry and Chemical Biology

Ayse Turak, Engineering Physics An-Chang Shi, Physics and Astronomy

Jeff Hoyt, Materials Science and Engineering Harold Haugen, Physics and Astonomy

Gillian Goward, Chemistry and Chemical Biology Hatem Zurob, Materials Science and Engineering

Emily Cranston, Chemical Engineering

BIMR 2013 Invited Seminar Speakers Sean Agnew, University of Virginia Topic: Deformation Mechanisms of Magnesium Alloys Lennart Bergström, Stockholm University Topic: Assembly of Nanoparticles and Inorganic-Nanocellulose Hybrids into Functional Materials Pablo Bianucci, Concordia University Topic: Optical microresonators: The interplay of light and matter Michael K. Crawford, DuPont Central R&D Topic: Neutron Scattering Studies of Polymer Radius of Gyration in Nanocomposites and Ligand Dynamics of POSS Nanoparticles Daniel Dessau, University of Colorado, Boulder Topic: What Sets the Tc in Cuprate High Temperature Superconductors?

Bart M. Bartlett, University of Michigan Topic: Inorganic Synthesis for Designing Better Li-Ion Battery Electrodes Andrea Bianchi, University of Montreal Topic: Quantum Magnetism in NIT-2Py: A Crystal built from free radicals Gianluigi Botton, McMaster University Topic: From Atoms and Bonds to Colours: What Can We “See” with an Electron Microscope? Zoe Coull, Technologies Corrosion Group Lead Hatch, Canada Topic: Degrading Highway Bridges: Why this is important, what are the issues and how can we solve them Mildred Dresselhaus, MIT Topic: Why has carbon nanoscience become so popular?


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Daniel Frederickson, University of Wisconsin, Madison Topic: Chemical frustration: Lessons in Materials Design from Complex Intermetallic Phases Adam P. Hitchcock, McMaster University Topic: Advances in Soft X-Ray Scanning X-Ray Microscopy Nobuhito Imanaka, Osaka University Topic: Inorganic Functional Materials - Application for Solid Electrolyte Type Ammonia Andrew P. Knights, McMaster University Topic: Silicon-based Optical links – can they be economically viable? Jan Kycia, University of Waterloo Topic: Specific heat and magnetization studies of the spin ice material, Dy2Ti2O7 Anthony Mittermaier, McGill University Topic: Mapping the energy landscape of protein function using NMR and calorimetry James R Neilson, Colorado State University Topic: Charge density wave fluctuations and heavy fermion behavior without magnetism in ThCr2Si2-type KNi2Se2 Warren Poole, University of British Columbia Topic: Analysis of strengthening and work hardening in precipitation hardened aluminum alloys Oleg Rubel, Lakehead University Topic: First-principle simulations advance characterization and development of novel optoelectronic materials Ayse Turak, McMaster University Topic: Heterojunction control in organic photovoltaics: electrode work function tuning

Benjamin Hatton, University of Toronto Topic: Engineering surface microstructures for slippery, ultra-low adhesion and omniphobic surfaces; ice nucleation, bacterial attachment, and ketchup stains Peter C. W. Holdsworth, Institut Universitaire de France Topic: A brief history of Erbium Titanate Woo Young Kim, Hoseo University, Korea Topic: Improvements of organic LED's optical and electrical performances: high contrast ratio and energy transfer in host-dopant system Ondrej Krivanek, Arizona State University Topic: Analyzing matter atom-by-atom with the scanning transmission electron microscope

Andy Mackenzie, University of St. Andrews and Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden Topic: Uniaxial strain study of Sr2RuO4 Steve Nagler,Oak Ridge National Laboratory Topic: Topological Oscillators: Good Vibrations Viktor Poltavets, Michigan State University Topic: Soft chemistry approaches to new cathode, thermoelectric, and strongly-correlated electron materials Jeffrey Quilliam, Université de Sherbrooke Topic: Spin and Orbital Degrees of Freedom in Ba3CuSb2O9 Hans Wolfgang Spiess, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz Topic: Advanced magnetic resonance studies of nanostructured materials and signal enhancement Haipeng Wang, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China Topic: Undercooling and Phase Transition Under Space Simulation Conditions


10

Scientific Highlight 1

Electron Microscopy of Nanoscale

Materials

G.A. Botton

1, M. Bugnet

1, M. Danaie

1, K. Dudeck

1,

N. Gauquelin1, A. Korinek

1, A. P. Knights

1, X. Sun

2,

J. Mauzeroll3, P. Prabhudev

1, D. Rossouw

1, J.W.T.

Wei4, G.Z. Zhu

1

Principal

Investigators

Gianluigi A. Botton1,

Department of Materials

Science and Engineering,

Andrew P Knights1,

Department of Engineering

Physics

X (Andy) Sun2,

Department of Mechanical

Engineering

Janine Mauzeroll3,

Department of Chemistry

J.Y.T. Wei4,

Department of Physics

(1) McMaster University, Hamilton, ON

(2) Western University, London, ON

(3) McGill University, Montreal, QC

(4) University of Toronto, Toronto,ON

Introduction

The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, a

national facility operated by the BIMR, was

established through funding in the 2004 National

Competition from the Canada Foundation for

Innovation (CFI) and Ontario Government. While

electron microscopy has been at the core of the

BIMR for decades, the CCEM started operations in

2006 and formally opened 2008, with the

commissioning of the two aberration-corrected FEI

Titan microscopes. The CCEM facility is been used

by over 300 research groups spread across the

country accessing the broad suite of instruments from

the variable-pressure SEM to the aberration-corrected

and monochromated microscopes. Here we

demonstrate the application of the CCEM instruments

to a range of materials applications highlighting a

small subset of research carried out at the BIMR,

namely related to sub-Angstrom resolution and sub-

0.1eV microscopy and spectroscopy.

Quantitative Analysis of Defects in

Semiconductors

The high-resolution scanning transmission electron

microscope has been extensively used to study the

structure of various types of defects generated in

shallow-In implants of Si substrates. These samples

have been generated with the universal implanter at

McMaster University with the aim to study the

detailed atomic structure of defects present in these

materials following rapid thermal annealing. A

Figure 1. Structure of a “311” defect formed after

implantation of Si with In. Top: HAADF image,

bottom: atomic position deduced from quantification

of the top image (crosses) with the molecular

dynamics simulations of the defect structure (dots);

[1].


11

detailed comparison of experimental images from

which the atomic coordinates of the defects have

been deduced, and atomic positions simulated with

Molecular Dynamics, shows perfect agreement

between the experimental images and the

simulations. Additional work has been on the

chemistry of In-rich precipitates formed within the Si

substrates of the samples.

Spectroscopy of Plasmonic

Nanostructures

The monochromated electron beam of the aberration-

corrected microscopes has been used to study various

nanostructures produced by wet chemistry and

electron beam lithography. The energy resolution of

the Titan2 at the CCEM is currently 60 meV as

measured from the full-width at half maximum of the

elastic peak in the energy loss spectrum. In addition

to showing multiple resonances down to 0.17eV

(figure 1), the lowest energy features ever observed

with an electron beam [3] and reported in details for

the in the previous BIMR annual report, the same

instrument has been used to study the response of

random Ag films [4] and Ag elongated nanoparticles

[5]. These results show the localized asymmetry of

the first modes consistent with the asymmetry of the

nanoparticles. Further work has been carried out to

improve the detection to lower energy resonances

using numerical deconvolution techniques, and was

presented at the International Electron Energy Loss

conference in May 2013. Experimental results show

that the effective resolution is enhanced down to

10meV and this method has been applied extensively

over the year.

Imaging Nano-Catalysts for Fuel cells

Novel catalysts are sought after for the next

generation proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. In

collaboration with researchers at Western University,

single-atom Pt catalysts deposited on graphene

nanosheets have been studied for their promising

application in fuel cells. The high resolution imaging

capability of Titan 1 has been extensively used to

image nanoscale clusters and single atoms (figure

4)[6]. Similarly, other nanocatalysts based on Pt-Fe

family alloys have been studied for excellent specific

Figure 2. In-rich precipitate forming in In-implanted Si.

Left: HAADF image with precipitate on zone axis, right

precipitate imaged with the Si matrix off zone axis. [2].

Figure 3. (a) Comparison of the EELS spectrum of the

elongated nanoparticle shown in (i) with the optical spectra

(b) EELS signals acquired around the nanoparticle. Surface

plasmon resonance maps at different energies (c−h) and

respective calculated from energy loss maps, (c1−f1). The

scale bars in (h) and (c1) are 50 nm. (i) TEM image of the

selected nanoparticle. [5]


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activity and durability [7,8]. Our work published in

ACS Nano shows that the nanoparticles form an

ordered core- disordered shell structure that is

persistent even following electrochemical cycling.

These results demonstrate the sensitivity of the

aberration-corrected technique to structural order at

the atomic scale and explain the improved specific

activity due to the presence of a Pt-rich shell few

atomic layers thick.

Studying corrosion mechanisms in Mg alloys

Through a collaboration with General Motors Canada

and researchers at Western University and McGill

University, the fundamental mechanisms of corrosion

of a commercial Mg alloy (AM50) have been studied

using analytical electron microscopy methods.

Extensive use of the energy loss capabilities has been

made demonstrating that this technique is very

effective in probing the chemical nature of the

various structural features and the sequence of

processes occurring during immersion of alloy in

saline solution. Bulk plasmon peaks and core edges

show the presence of an Al-rich layer visible at the

interface between the corrosion product and the bulk

alloy, and that this Al-rich layer has a metallic

character due to the very narrow resonance thus

Figure 4: HAADF-STEM images of Pt/Graphene

nanosheets samples. (a, b, c) present the results with 50,

100, and 150 Atomic Layer Deposition cycles ,

respectively, and (a’, b’, c’) show the corresponding

magnified images with clusters as small as 1nm and

individual Pt atoms highlighted by white circles. [5]

Figure 5 (A) STEM-HAADF image of the surface layer of

AM50 exposed to saline solution. (B) Three cases of the

low-loss EEL spectra (corresponding to the locations

marked in section C). (C) Top image is the HAADF signal,

the image with marker #1 is an intensity map of the energy

range of and energy loss windows corresponding to pure

Mg, the Al-rich layer, and MgO.


13

allowing the corrosion reaction to proceed very

effectively (figure 5). Also, EELS and EDS maps

identify the cathodic role of Mn rich precipitates in

alloys show the presence of an Al-rich layer visible at

the interface between the corrosion product and the

bulk alloy, and that this Al-rich layer has a metallic

character due to the very narrow resonance thus

allowing the corrosion reaction to proceed very

effectively (figure 5). Also, EELS and EDS maps

identify the cathodic role of Mn rich precipitates in

alloys and their role in the hydrogen evolution, these

being covered by a “dome-like” corrosion product

[9,10].

Electronic Structure of Oxides

The electronic structure of oxides can be studied very

effectively with electron energy loss near-edge

structures (ELNES) due to the sensitivity to the

unoccupied states. In the particular of BaTiO3, a

ferroelectric material with a tetragonal unit cell and

off-centre Ti atom in the unit cell, this sensitivity is

further enhanced by the contribution of core-hole

effects in the excitation process. Using experimental

spectra obtained with high-energy resolution EELS

and electronic structure calculations with density

functional theory, the O 1s excitation spectrum is

modeled and explained[11]. Due to the lower

symmetry of the structure, the effect of the distortion

of the unit cell is to generate an asymmetry of the

screening charge, resulting in a splitting of the first

unoccupied hybrid band resulting from the bonding

between the O 2p and Ti 2d states (figure 6). This

nature of the first hybrid band is significantly

different compared to SrTiO3, a perfectly cubic

structure. Further, it has been possible to highlight the

role of the 4f states in the unoccupied energy levels,

this for the first time. Detailed studies of the

environment of Pr atoms implanted in SrTiO3 have

also been made demonstrating the detection of single

atoms spectroscopically using atomic-resolved EELS

measurements [12]. Furthermore, thin films of

YBa2Cu3O7 / manganite deposited on LSAT have

been studied using a combination of HAADF

imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy to

understand the inter-relation between

superconductivity and structure. Our measurements

show the detection of intergrowths of Cu-rich phases

in thin films (figure 7), contributing to some of the

possible “proximity” effects observed in this

system[13].

Figure 6 (a) Valence-electron screening cloud around the

excited O1 atom (blue = depletion, red = enrichment). (b)

Illustration of the tetragonal distortion of BaTiO3 along the

[001] direction, in terms of distance from O1 to the nearest Ti1

atom, and to the second nearest Ti2 atom. (c) Origin of the

ELNES for the excited O1 atom from the LDOS calculated

with core-hole included for the two nearest Ti atoms and O1.

(d) Comparison of the O K edge onsets in BaTiO3 and SrTiO3.


14

Aknowledgements We are very grateful for the support of the Natural

Sciences and Engineering Research Council for

funding the research work. The CCEM was

established through funding from the Canada

Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Research

Fund, and McMaster University.

References

[1] K. J. Dudeck; Marques, L. A.; Knights, A. P.;

Gwilliam, R. M.; Botton, G. A., Sub-angstrom

Experimental Validation of Molecular Dynamics for

Predictive Modeling of Extended Defect Structures in

Si, Physical Review Letters 110. 166102 (2013)

[2] K. J. Dudeck; Huante-Ceron, E.; Knights, A. P.;

Gwilliam, R. M.; Botton, G. A., Direct observation of

indium precipitates in silicon following high dose ion

implantation, Semiconductor Science and

Technology 28. 125012, (2013).

[3] D. Rossouw; Botton, G. A., Plasmonic Response

of Bent Silver Nanowires for Nanophotonic

Subwavelength Waveguiding, Physical Review

Letters 110, 066801 (2013)

[4] A. Losquin; Camelio, S.; Rossouw, D.; Besbes,

M.; Pailloux, F.; Babonneau, D.; Botton, G. A.;

Greffet, J. J.; Stephan, O.; Kociak, M., Experimental

evidence of nanometer-scale confinement of

plasmonic eigenmodes responsible for hot spots in

random metallic films, Physical Review B 88.

115427 (2013)

[5] H. Y. Liang; Rossouw, D.; Zhao, H. G.; Cushing,

S. K.; Shi, H. L.; Korinek, A.; Xu, H. X.; Rosei, F.;

Wang, W. Z.; Wu, N. Q.; Botton, G. A.; Ma, D. L.,

Asymmetric Silver "Nanocarrot" Structures: Solution

Synthesis and Their Asymmetric Plasmonic

Resonances, Journal of the American Chemical

Society 135, 9616-9619. (2013)

[6] S. H. Sun; Zhang, G. X.; Gauquelin, N.; Chen, N.;

Zhou, J. G.; Yang, S. L.; Chen, W. F.; Meng, X. B.;

Geng, D. S.; Banis, M. N.; Li, R. Y.; Ye, S. Y.;

Knights, S.; Botton, G. A.; Sham, T. K.; Sun, X. L.,

Single-atom Catalysis Using Pt/Graphene Achieved

through Atomic Layer Deposition, Scientific Reports

3. 1775 (2013);

[7] L. Chen, M.C.Y. Chan, F.H. Nan, C. Bock, GA

Botton, PHJ Mercier, BR MacDougall,

Compositional and Morphological Changes of

Ordered PtxFey/C Oxygen Electroreduction Catalysts

ChemCatChem, 5, 1449-1460 (2013)

[8] S. Prabhudev, M. Bugnet, C. Bock, G.A. Botton.

Strained Lattice with Persistent Atomic Order in

Pt3Fe2 Intermetallic CoreShell Nanocatalysts ACS

Nano, 7, 6103-6110 (2013)

[9] M. Danaie; Asmussen, R. M.; Jakupi, P.;

Shoesmith, D. W.; Botton, G. A., The role of

aluminum distribution on the local corrosion

resistance of the microstructure in a sand-cast AM50

alloy, Corrosion Science 77, 151-163. (2013)

[10] R. M. Asmussen; Jakupi, P.; Danaie, M.; Botton,

G. A.; Shoesmith, D. W., Tracking the corrosion of

magnesium sand cast AM50 alloy in chloride

environments, Corrosion Science 75, 114-122.

(2013)

Figure 7 HAADF-STEM images of a 25 nm/50nm bilayer

LCMO/YBCO film grown on (001)-oriented LSAT

substrate. A low-resolution image is shown in panel (b),

demonstrating uniform heteroepitaxy and layer thickness,

with the LCMO/YBCO interface marked by blue dotted

line. A highresolution image near the LCMO/YBCO

interface is shown in panel (c), revealing intergrowths of

double CuO chains which form nanoscale 247 regions.

These double chains are also visible in panel (b), as

indicated by arrows. The lattice structures of YBCO-123,

YBCO-124 and YBCO-247 phases are shown in panel (a),

with the Cu, Y, and Ba atoms color-labeled as yellow, green,

and red, respectively.


15

[11] M. Bugnet; Radtke, G.; Botton, G. A., Oxygen

1s excitation and tetragonal distortion from core-hole

effect in BaTiO3, Physical Review B 88. 201107

(2013)

[12] G. Z. Zhu; Lazar, S.; Knights, A. P.; Botton, G.

A., Atomic-level 2-dimensional chemical mapping

and imaging of individual dopants in a phosphor

crystal, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15,

11420-11426. (2013)

[13] H. Zhang; Gauquelin, N.; Botton, G. A.; Wei, J.

Y. T., Attenuation of superconductivity in

manganite/cuprate heterostructures by epitaxially-

induced CuO intergrowths, Applied Physics Letters

103. 052606 (2013)

Scientific Highlight 2

Absence of Pauling’s Residual Entropy in

the Spin Ice Compound Dy2Ti2O7

Principle Inverstigators

D. Pomaranski, L.R. Yaraskavitch, S. Meng, and

J.B. Kycia Department of Physics, University of

Waterloo

K.A. Ross, H.M.L. Noad, H.A. Dabkowska, and

B.D. Gaulin, BIMR, McMaster University

Dy2Ti2O7 is a cubic pyrochlore magnet, in which the

Dy3+

magnetic moments lie on the vertices of corner-

sharing tetrahedra. Crystal field effects give rise to

an Ising-like anisotropy for the Dy moments, such

that they can either point into or out of the tetrahedral

as shown in Fig. 1. This material has for a long time

been thought to be the canonical representation of

“spin ice”, a disordered magnetic ground state, akin

to the disorder that the protons displays in simple

water-based ice [1]. Pauling was the first to point out

Figure 1: The pyrochlore lattice, with Dy spins at the

vertices of corner-sharing tetrahedra. The MDG phase

(q = (0,0,2π/a) state), shown here, is a potential candidate

for the long-range ordered state of Dy2Ti2O7.

Figure 2: Normalized thermal relaxation, ΔT(t)/ΔT(0)

versus time, at various nominal temperatures, T, for

single-crystal Dy2Ti2O7. a, Relaxation data shown up to

1,000 s. Other works acquired the thermal relaxation only

for ≤600 s (dashed vertical line) Similarly, results

employing the quasi-adiabatic heat pulse method were

limited to an equilibration time window of ~ 15 s (dotted

vertical line). Typical ΔT are ~ 5–10% of the nominal

temperature, T. b, The same relaxation curves as in a, with

the time axis extended beyond 1,000 s. Inset, the long

internal time constants measured below 0.5 K agree with the

Arrhenius behaviour observed by magnetic measurements

above 0.5 K.


16

that the proton disorder in water ice gives rise to a

residual entropy at low temperatures [2], and this

anomalous heat capacity is a characteristic signature

of a disordered ground state in general, and of the

“spin ice” ground state in particular.

In 2013, the low temperature heat capacity of the

canonical spin ice material Dy2Ti2O7 was carefully

re-examined by a collaboration between Jan Kycia’s

group at the University of Waterloo, and the Centre

for Crystal Growth within the BIMR [3]. Single

crystal samples of Dy2Ti2O7 grown by floating zone

image furnace techniques, along with polycrystalline

samples grown by standard solid state synthesis

techniques, were examined using very low

temperature heat capacity measurements, with a

careful eye to the long equilibration times relevant to

such an Ising-like magnet at low temperatures.

Figure 2 shows the normalized thermal relaxation for

Dy2Ti2O7 for times out to 1000 seconds (a), and to

beyond 60,000 seconds (b). This data clearly shows

that the thermal relaxation time becomes very long

for temperatures below ~ 0.5 K. As the heat capacity

is given by the integral in time of the thermal

relaxation, Fig. 2 implies that equilibration times in

excess of 1000 seconds are required for robust

measurements of the heat capacity, and hence the

residual entropy in Dy2Ti2O7 at low temperatures.

Dy2Ti2O7 had previously been characterized by

several groups, who had identified a plateau in the

entropy as a function of temperature, as determined

from heat capacity measurements [4,5]. However

these previous measurements were not aware of the

long equilibration times required to equilibrate the

Dy2Ti2O7 samples. Our new equilibrium

determination of the low temperature heat capacity

and corresponding entropy is shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 3

a) shows an upturn in the heat capacity at low

temperatures, below the “spin ice” Shottky anomaly

at ~ 1.2 K, in contrast to earlier measurements. In

turn the measured entropy no longer shows the

plateau at the Pauling residual entropy, but it

continues to decrease at low temperatures.

The implications of the work, reported in 2013 in

Nature Physics [3], is that the ground state of the

canonical “spin ice” material Dy2Ti2O7 is likely

ordered in equilibrium and at sufficiently low

temperatures. In fact, classical Monte Carlo

simulation of a related problem known as “dipolar

spin ice” predicts an ordered state at low

temperatures [5]. This ordered state has not yet been

observed experimentally, but these new results show

that spin ice physics as expressed in Dy2Ti2O7 may be

even more surprising than first thought.

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful for the support of the Natural

Sciences and Engineering Research Council and of

the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research

(CIfAR) through their Quantum Materials program.

References

[1] Bramwell, S. T. & Gingras, M. J. P. Spin ice state

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[3] Pomaranski D. et al, Absence of residual entropy

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Figure 3: Specific heat and entropy for single-crystal

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temperature detail.


17

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133 Scientific Publications Using BIMR resources during 2013

Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy (CCEM)

S.T. Niknejad, L. Liu, S. Esmaeili, Y. Zhou, Effects of Heat Treatment on Grain-Boundary -Mg17Al12 and Fracture

Properties of Resistance Spot Welded AZ80 Mg Alloy, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2013, 44, 3747-3756

R. Liang, A. Hu, J. Persic, Y. Zhou, Palladium Nanoparticles Loaded on Carbon Modified TiO2 Nanobelts for

Enhanced Methanol Electrooxidation, Nano-Micro Lett., 2013, 5(3), 202-212

E. Marzbanrad, A. Hu, B. Zhao, Y. Zhou, Room Temperature Nanojoining of Triangular and Hexagonal Silver

Nanodisks, ACS J. Phys. Chem. C, 2013, 117, 16665-16676

R. Liang, A. Hu, W. Li, Y. Zhou, Enhanced Degradation of Persistent Pharmaceuticals Found in Wastewater

Treatment Effluents using TiO2 Nanobelt Photocatalysts, J. Nanopart. Res., 2013, 15(10), 13 pages

P. Peng, L. Liu, A. P. Gerlich, A. Hu, Y. Zhou, Self-Oriented Nanojoining of Silver Nanowires via Surface Selective

Activation, Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 2013, 30, 420-426

L. Liu, H. Huang, A. Hu, G. Zou, L. Quintino, Y. Zhou, Nano Brazing of Pt-Ag Nanoparticles under Femtosecond

Laser Irradiation, Nano-Micro Lett., 2013, 5(2), 88-92

M.I. Khan, A. Pequegnat, Y. Zhou, Multiple Memory Shape Memory Alloys, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2013, 15(5), 386-

393

H. Huang, A. Hu, P. Peng, W.W. Duley, Y. Zhou, Femtosecond Laser Induced Micro-welding of Silver and Copper,

Appl. Optics, 2013, 52(6), 1211-1217

L. Liu, P. Peng, A. Hu, G. Zou, W.W. Duley, Y. Zhou, Highly Localized Heat Generation by Femtosecond Laser

Induced Plasmon Excitation in Ag Nanowires, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, 102(7)

(R.L. Peaslee Memorial Brazing Award) A.M. Nasiri, P. Chartrand, D.C. Weckman, Y. Zhou, Thermochemical

Analysis of Phases Formed at the Interface of a Mg alloy-Ni plated Steel Joint during Laser Brazing, Metall. Mater.

Trans. A, 2013, 44(4), 1937-1946

A.M. Nasiri, D.C. Weckman, Y. Zhou, Interfacial Microstructure of Diode Laser Brazed AZ31B Magnesium to

Steel Sheet Using a Nickel, Weld. J., 2013, 92(1), 1s to 10s

E. Biro, S. Vignier, E. Lucas, C. Kaczynski, J. McDermid, J.D. Embury, Y. Zhou, Predicting Transient Softening in

the Sub-Critical Heat-Affected Zone of Dual-Phase and Martensitic Steel Welds, ISIJ Inter., 2013, 53(1) 110-118

L. Liu, L. Xiao, D.L. Chen, J.C. Feng, S. Kim, Y. Zhou, Microstructure and Fatigue Properties of Mg-to-Steel

Dissimilar Resistance Spot Welds, Mater. Des., 2013, 45, 336-342


18

A. Ponrouch, S. Garbarino, E. Bertin, D. Guay Ultra high capacitance values of Pt@RuO2 coreeshell nanotubular

electrodes for microsupercapacitor applications Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 221, 228-231

A.T.W. Barrow, A. Koreinek, M.R. Daymond, Evaluating zirconium-zirconium hydride interfacial strains by nano-

beam electron diffraction, J. Nucl Mater, 2013, 432(1-2), 366-370

Grandfield, K., Gustafsson, S., & Palmquist, A. Where bone meets implant: the characterization of nano-

osseointegration, Nanoscale, 2013, 5(10), 4302-4308

Grandfield, K., Palmquist, A., Engqvist, H., Three-dimensional structure of laser-modified Ti6Al4V and bone

interface revealed with STEM tomography, Ultramicroscopy, 2013, 127, 48–52

G. Zhang, S. Sun, M. Cai, Y. Zhang, R. Li, X. Sun, Porous dendritic platinum nanotubes with extremely high

activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction, Scientific reports, 2013, 3, 1526

Jinli Yang, Jiajun Wang, Yongji Tang, Dongniu Wang, Biwei Xiao, Xifei Li, Ruying Li, Guoxian Liang, Tsun-

Kong Sham, Xueliang Sun, In situ self-catalyzed formation of core–shell LiFePO4@CNT nanowires for high rate

performance lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2013, 1, 7306

Jinli Yang, Jiajun Wang, Yongji Tang, Dongniu Wang, Xifei Li, Yuhai Hu, Ruying Li, Guoxian Liang, Tsun-Kong

Sham, Xueliang Sun, LiFePO4–graphene as a superior cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries: impact

of stacked graphene and unfolded grapheme, Energ Environ Sci, 2013, 6, 1521

Jiajun Wang, Jinli Yang, Yong Zhang, Yongliang Li, Yongji Tang, Mohammad Norouzi Banis, Xifei Li, Guoxian

Liang, Ruying Li, Xueliang Sun, Interaction of Carbon Coating on LiFePO4: A Local Visualization Study of the

Influence of Impurity Phases, Advanced Functional Materials, 2013, 23, 806-814

Dongniu Wang, Jinli Yang, Xifei Li, Dongsheng Geng, Ruying Li, Mei Cai, Tsun-Kong Sham, Xueliang Sun, Layer

by layer assembly of sandwiched graphene/SnO2 nanorod/carbon nanostructures with ultrahigh lithium ion storage

properties, Energ Environ Sci, 2013, 6, 2900

D. Wang, X. Li, J. Yang, J. Wang, D. Geng, R. Li, M. Cai, T. K. Sham, X. Sun, Hierarchical nanostructured core-

shell Sn@C nanoparticles embedded in graphene nanosheets: spectroscopic view and their application in lithium ion

batteries, Physical chemistry chemical physics, 2013, 15, 3535-3542

S. Sun, G. Zhang, N. Gauquelin, N. Chen, J. Zhou, S. Yang, W. Chen, X. Meng, D. Geng, M. N. Banis, R. Li, S. Ye,

S. Knights, G. A. Botton, T. K. Sham, X. Sun, Single-atom catalysis using Pt/graphene achieved through atomic

layer deposition, Scientific reports, 2013, 3, 1775

Xiangbo Meng, Jian Liu, Xifei Li, Mohammad Norouzi Banis, Jinli Yang, Ruying Li, Xueliang Sun, Atomic layer

deposited Li4Ti5O12 on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, RSC Advances, 2013, 3, 7285

Xiangbo Meng, Mohammad Norouzi Banis, Dongsheng Geng, Xifei Li, Yong Zhang, Ruying Li, Hakima Abou-

Rachid, Xueliang Sun, Controllable atomic layer deposition of one-dimensional nanotubular TiO2, Appl Surf Sci,

2013, 266, 132-140

Jian Liu, Yongji Tang, Biwei Xiao, Tsun-Kong Sham, Ruying Li, Xueliang Sun, Atomic layer deposited aluminium

phosphate thin films on N-doped CNTs, RSC Advances, 2013, 3, 4492

Jian Liu, Xifei Li, Mei Cai, Ruying Li, Xueliang Sun, Ultrathin atomic layer deposited ZrO2 coating to enhance the

electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12 as an anode material, Electrochim Acta, 2013, 93, 195-201

Y. Hu, X. Li, A. Lushington, M. Cai, D. Geng, M. N. Banis, R. Li, X. Sun, Fabrication of MoS2-Graphene

Nanocomposites by Layer-by-Layer Manipulation for High-Performance Lithium Ion Battery Anodes, ECS Journal

of Solid State Science and Technology, 2013, 2, M3034-M3039


19

Yougui Chen, Jiajun Wang, Xiangbo Meng, Yu Zhong, Ruying Li, Xueliang Sun, Siyu Ye, Shanna Knights, Pt–

SnO2/nitrogen-doped CNT hybrid catalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC): Effects of

crystalline and amorphous SnO2 by atomic layer deposition, J Power Sources, 2013, 238, 144-149

Kun Chang, Dongsheng Geng, Xifei Li, Jinli Yang, Yongji Tang, Mei Cai, Ruying Li, Xueliang Sun, Ultrathin

MoS2/Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanosheets with Highly Reversible Lithium Storage, Adv Energy Mater, 2013,3,

839-844

Mohammad Norouzi Banis, Shuhui Sun, Xiangbo Meng, Yong Zhang, Zhiqiang Wang, Ruying Li, Mei Cai, Tsun-

Kong Sham, Xueliang Sun, TiSi2OxCoated N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Pt Catalyst Support for the Oxygen

Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2013, 117, 15457-15467

Mohammad Norouzi Banis, Xiangbo Meng, Yong Zhang, Mei Cai, Ruying Li, Xueliang Sun, Spatially Sequential

Growth of Various WSi2Networked Nanostructures and Mechanisms, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2013,

117, 19189-19194

Bhattacharya, Sandeep, Riahi, A.Reza, Alpas, Ahmet T., Thermal cycling induced capacity enhancement of graphite

anodes in lithium-ion cells, Carbon, 2013, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.10.032

A. Banerji, H. Hu, A.T. Alpas, Sliding wear mechanisms of magnesium composites AM60 reinforced with Al2O3

fibres under ultra-mild wear conditions, Wear, 2013, 301, 626-635

J. Kang, J.R. McDermid, M. Bruhis, Determination of the Constitutive Behaviour of AA6022-T4 Aluminium Alloy

Spot Welds at Large Strains, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 567, 95-100

S. Alibeigi, J.R. McDermid, Effect of Bath Al on Interfacial Layer Formation for Continuous Galvanized Mn-

Containing Steels, Galvatech 2013 Conf. Proceedings: Challenges in Galvanizing Advanced High Strength Steels,

Beijing, China, September 2013 pp. 171 – 176

Y. Lü, M.Bruhis, J. McDermid, Effect of strain path on the microstructural evolution of a Fe-22Mn-0.6C alloy,

Proc. of Int. Symposium on New Develop. in Advanced High Strength Sheet Steel, June 23-27, 2013, Vail, CO pp.

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Abitbo, T., Palermo, A.F., Moran-Mirabal, J.M., and Cranston, E.D., Fluorescent labelling and characterization of

cellulose nano crystals with varying charge contents, Biomacromolecules, 2013, 14, 3278-3284

Gabardo, C.M., Zhu, Y., Soleymani, L., and Moran-Mirabal, J.M., Benchtop fabrication of hierarchically structured

high surface area electrodes, Advanced Functional Materials, 2013, 23, 3030-3039

Sowole, M., Alexopoulos, J., Cheng, Y-Q., Ortega, J., Konermann, L., Activation of the ClpP protease by

acyldepsipeptide antibiotics: insights from hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry, J. Mol. Biol., 2013, 425, 4508-

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Alexopoulos, J., Ahsan, B., Homchaudhuri, L., Husain, N., Cheng, Y-Q., Ortega, J., Structural determinants

stabilizing the axial channel of ClpP for substrate translocation, Molecular Microbiology, 2013, 90, 167-180

Leong, V., Kent, M., Jomaa, A., Ortega, J., Escherichia coli rimM and yjeQ null strains accumulate a structurally

similar immature 30S subunits of comparable protein complement, RNA, 2013, 19, 789-80

E. Landry, Z. Ye, Convenient Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Large Unimolecular Star Polyethylene Nanoparticles,

Macromolecular rapid communications, 2013, 34 (18), 1493-1498

P. A. Hodgson, Y. Wang, A. Awez Mohammad, and P. Kruse, Electrochemical etching of silver tips in concentrated

sulfuric acid, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2013, 84, 026109


20

A. D. Pauric, S. A. Baig, A. N. Pantaleo, Y. Wang, and P. Kruse, Sponge-like porous metal surfaces from

anodization in very concentrated acids, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2013, 160, C12-C18

Rice, N. A., Adronov, A., Supramolecular Interactions of High Molecular Weight Poly(2,7-carbazole)s with Single-

Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Macromolecules, 2013, 46, 3850-3860

Yang, X., Bakaic, E., Hoare, T., Cranston, E. D., Injectable Polysaccharide Hydrogels Reinforced with Cellulose

Nanocrystals: Morphology, Rheology, Degradation, and Cytotoxicity Biomacromolecules 2013, 14, 4447-4455

Kan, K. H. M., Li, J., Wijesekera, K., Cranston, E. D., Polymer-Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals as pH Responsive

Reversible Flocculants, Biomacromolecules 2013, 14, 3130-3139

Asmussen, R.M., Jakupi, P., Danaie, M., Botton, G. A., Shoesmith, D. W., Tracking the corrosion of magnesium

sand cast AM50 alloy in chloride environments, Corrosion Science, 2013, 75, 114-122

M. Bugnet, Radtke, G., Botton, G. A., Oxygen 1s excitation and tetragonal distortion from core-hole effect in

BaTiO3, Physical Review B, 2013, 88, 201107

Chen, L., Chan, M. C. Y., Nan, F. H., Bock, C., Botton, G. A., Mercier, P. H. J., MacDougall, B. R., Compositional

and Morphological Changes of Ordered PtxFey/C Oxygen Electroreduction Catalysts, Chemcatchem, 2013, 5, 1449-

1460

M. Couillard, Radtke, G., Botton, G. A., Strain fields around dislocation arrays in a sigma 9 silicon bicrystal

measured by scanning transmission electron microscopy, Philosophical Magazine, 2013, 93, 1250-1267

Danaie, M., Asmussen, R. M., Jakupi, P., Shoesmith, D. W., Botton, G. A., The role of aluminum distribution on the

local corrosion resistance of the microstructure in a sand-cast AM50 alloy, Corrosion Science, 2013, 77, 151-163

K. J. Dudeck, Huante-Ceron, E., Knights, A. P., Gwilliam, R. M., Botton, G. A., Direct observation of indium

precipitates in silicon following high dose ion implantation, Semiconductor Science and Technology, 2013, 28,

125012

K. J. Dudeck, Marques, L. A., Knights, A. P., Gwilliam, R. M., Botton, G. A., Sub-angstrom Experimental

Validation of Molecular Dynamics for Predictive Modeling of Extended Defect Structures in Si, Physical Review

Letters, 2013, 110, 166102

L. Gunawan, Zhu, G. Z., Shao, Y., Lazar, S., Gautreau, O., Harnagea, C., Pignolet, A., Botton, G. A., Structural

investigation of interface and defects in epitaxial Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 film on SrRuO3/SrTiO3 (111) and (100),

Journal of Applied Physics, 2013, 113, 044102

P. Kalisvaart, Shalchi-Amirkhiz, B., Zahiri, R., Zahiri, B., Tan, X. H., Danaie, M.; Botton, G., Mitlin, D.,

Thermodynamically destabilized hydride formation in "bulk" Mg-AlTi multilayers for hydrogen storage, Physical

Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2013, 15, 16432-16436

H. Y. Liang, Rossouw, D., Zhao, H. G., Cushing, S. K., Shi, H. L., Korinek, A., Xu, H. X., Rosei, F., Wang, W. Z.,

Wu, N. Q., Botton, G. A., Ma, D. L., Asymmetric Silver "Nanocarrot" Structures: Solution Synthesis and Their

Asymmetric Plasmonic Resonances, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013, 135, 9616-9619

A. Losquin, Camelio, S., Rossouw, D., Besbes, M., Pailloux, F., Babonneau, D., Botton, G. A., Greffet, J. J.,

Stephan, O., Kociak, M., Experimental evidence of nanometer-scale confinement of plasmonic eigenmodes

responsible for hot spots in random metallic films, Physical Review B, 2013, 88, 115427

E. McNally, Nan, F. H., Botton, G. A., Schwarcz, H. P., Scanning transmission electron microscopic tomography of

cortical bone using Z-contrast imaging, Micron, 2013, 49, 46-53


21

S. Prabhudev, Bugnet, M., Bock, C., Botton, G. A., Strained Lattice with Persistent Atomic Order in Pt3Fe2

Intermetallic Core-Shell Nanocatalysts, ACS Nano, 2013, 7, 6103-6110

G. Radtke, Favre, L., Couillard, M., Amiard, G., Berbezier, I., Botton, G. A., Atomic-scale Ge diffusion in strained

Si revealed by quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy, Physical Review B, 2013, 87, 205309

D. Rossouw, Botton, G. A., Plasmonic Response of Bent Silver Nanowires for Nanophotonic Subwavelength

Waveguiding, Physical Review Letters, 2013, 110, 66801

D. Rossouw, Bugnet, M., Botton, G. A., Structural and electronic distortions in individual carbon nanotubes under

laser irradiation in the electron microscope, Physical Review B, 2013, 87, 125403

S. H. Sun, Zhang, G. X., Gauquelin, N., Chen, N., Zhou, J. G., Yang, S. L., Chen, W. F., Meng, X. B., Geng, D. S.,

Banis, M. N., Li, R. Y., Ye, S. Y., Knights, S., Botton, G. A., Sham, T. K., Sun, X. L., Single-atom Catalysis Using

Pt/Graphene Achieved through Atomic Layer Deposition, Scientific Reports, 2013, 3, 1775

S. H. Vajargah, Ghanad-Tavakoli, S., Preston, J. S., Kleiman, R. N., Botton, G. A., Growth mechanisms of GaSb

heteroepitaxial films on Si with an AlSb buffer layer, Journal of Applied Physics, 2013, 114, 113101

Y. J. Wang, Wilkinson, D. P., Guest, A., Neburchilov, V., Baker, R., Nan, F. H., Botton, G. A., Zhang, J. J.,

Synthesis of Pd and Nb-doped TiO2 composite supports and their corresponding Pt-Pd alloy catalysts by a two-step

procedure for the oxygen reduction reaction, Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 221, 232-241

S. Y. Woo, Devenyi, G. A., Ghanad-Tavakoli, S., Kleiman, R. N., Preston, J. S., Botton, G. A., Tilted epitaxy on

(211)-oriented substrates, Applied Physics Letters, 2013,102, 132103

H. Zhang, Gauquelin, N., Botton, G. A., Wei, J. Y. T., Attenuation of superconductivity in manganite/cuprate

heterostructures by epitaxially-induced CuO intergrowths, Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 103, 052606

L. Zhang, Kim, J., Zhang, J. J., Nan, F. H., Gauquelin, N., Botton, G. A., He, P., Bashyam, R., Knights, S., Ti4O7

supported Ru@Pt core-shell catalyst for CO-tolerance in PEM fuel cell hydrogen oxidation reaction, Applied

Energy, 2013, 103, 507-513

G. Z. Zhu, Lazar, S., Knights, A. P., Botton, G. A., Atomic-level 2-dimensional chemical mapping and imaging of

individual dopants in a phosphor crystal, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2013, 15, 11420-11426

Wang, Y. J., Wilkinson, D. P., Guest, A., Neburchilov, V., Baker, R., Nan, F. H., Botton, G. A., Zhang, J. J.,

Synthesis of Pd and Nb-doped TiO2 composite supports and their corresponding Pt-Pd alloy catalysts by a two-step

procedure for the oxygen reduction reaction, Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 221, 232-241

X. Li, C. Malardier-Jugroot, Confinement Effect in the Synthesis of Polypyrrole within Polymeric Templates in

Aqueous Environments, Macromolecules, 2013, 46 (6), 2258

S.J. Gibson, J.P. Boulanger, R.R. LaPierre, Opportunities and pitfalls in patterned self-catalyzed GaAs nanowire

growth on silicon, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 2013, 28, 105025

S.J. Gibson, R.R. LaPierre, Study of radial growth in patterned self-catalyzed GaAs nanowire arrays by gas source

molecular beam epitaxy, Physica Status Solidi RRL, 2013, 7, 845

R.R. LaPierre, A.C.E. Chia, S.J. Gibson, C.M. Haapamaki, J. Boulanger, R. Yee, P. Kuyanov, J. Zhang, N. Tajik, N.

Jewell, K.M.A. Rahman, III-V nanowire photovoltaics:Review of design for high efficiency, Phys. Status Solidi

RRL, 2013, 7, 815


22

R.J. Yee, S.J. Gibson, V.G. Dubrovskii, R.R. LaPierre, Effect of Be doping on InP nanowire growth mechanisms,

Appl. Phys. Lett., 2013, 101, 263106

C. M. Haapamaki, R. R. LaPierre and J. Baugh, Critical shell thickness for InAs-AlxIn1−xAs(P) core-shell nanowires,

J. Appl. Phys., 2013, 112, 124305

Centre for Crystal Growth (CCG)

J.R. McDermid, S. Alibeigi, H. Asgari, E.M. Bellhouse, A. Chakraborty, R. Kavitha, On the in situ Aluminothermic

Reduction of MnO in the Continuous Galvanizing Bath, Galvatech 2013 Conf. Proceedings: Challenges in

Galvanizing Advanced High Strength Steels, Beijing, China, September 2013 pp. 153 – 158. (invited keynote

presentation)

J.R. McDermid, A. Chakraborty, F.E. Goodwin, Galvanizing Martensitic Steels using Heat-to-Coat Processing,

Galvatech 2013 Conf. Proceedings: Challenges in Galvanizing Advanced High Strength Steels, Beijing, China,

September 2013 pp. 127 – 132

Carlo, J. P., Clancy, J. P., Fritsch, K., Marjerrison, C. A., Granroth, G. E., Greedan,J.E.: Dabkowska, H.A., Gaulin,

B.D., Spin gap and the nature of the 4d(3) magnetic ground state in the frustrated fcc antiferromagnet Ba2YRuO6,

Physical Review B, 2013, 88 (2), 024418

Domagala, J. Z., Paszkowicz, W., Bak-Misiuk, J., Ermakowa, O.N, Dabkowska, H.A., One-dimensional defect

distribution along needle-shaped PrVO4 single crystals grown by the slow-cooling method, Radiation Physics And

Chemistry, 2013, 93, 174-183

D. Kamenskyi, J. Wosnitza, J. Krzystek, et al., High-field ESR Studies of the Quantum Spin Dimer System

Ba3Cr2O8, Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 2013, 170, 5-6, 231-235

Pomaranski, D., Yaraskavitch, L. R., Meng, S., et al., Absence of Pauling's residual entropy in thermally

equilibrated Dy2Ti2O7, Nature Physics, 2013, 9, 6, 353-356

M. J. Gutmann, K. Refson, M. B. Zimmermann, I. P. Swainson, A. Dabkowski and H. Dabkowska, Room

temperature single-crystal diffuse scattering and ab initio lattice dynamics in CaTiSiO5, J. Phys.

Condens. Matter, 2013, 25(31), 315402

J. Wagman, G. van Gastel, K. A. Ross, Z. Yamani,Y. Zhao, Y. Qiu, J. R. D. Copley, A. B. Kallin, E. Mazurek, H. A.

Dabkowska, B. D. Gaulin , Two Dimensional Incommensurate and Three Dimensional Commensurate Magnetic

Order and Fluctuations in La2xBaxCuO4, Physical Review B, 2013, 88 , 014412

H. Grundmann, A. Schilling, C. A. Marjerrison , H. A. Dabkowska, B. D. Gaulin, Structure and magnetic

interactions in the solid solution Ba3xSrxCr2O8, Materials Research Bulletin, 2013, 48(9), 3108-3111

T. Stan, Y. Wu, G. R. Odette, K. E. Sickafus, H. A. Dabkowska, B. D. Gaulin, Fabrication and Characterization of

the Naturally Selected Fe - {111} Y2Ti2O7, Mesoscopic Interfaces: Some Potential Implications to Nano-oxide

Dispersion Strengthened Steels, Metallurigcal and Materials Transaction A-Physical Science, 2013, 44A(10), 4505-

4512

W. H. Toews, K. A. Ross, H. A. Dabkowska, B.D. Gaulin, R.W. Hill, Thermal conductivity of Ho2Ti2O7 along the

[111] direction, Physical Review Letters, 2013, 110, 217209

K. Fritsch, K. A. Ross, Y. Qiu, J. R. D. Copley, T. Guidi, R. I. Bewley, H. A.Dabkowska, B. D. Gaulin,

Antiferromagnetic Spin Ice Correlations at (1/2, 1/2, 1/ 2) in the ground state of the Pyrochlore Magnet Tb2Ti2O7,

Phys. Rev. B, 2013, 87, 094410


23

H. M. Revell, L. R. Yaraskavitch, J. D. Mason, K. A. Ross, H. M. L. Noad, H. A. Dabkowska, B. D. Gaulin, P.

Henelius, J. B. Kycia, Evidence of impurity and boundary effects on magnetic monopole dynamics in spin ice,

Nature Physics, 2013, 9, 34–37

K. Fritsch, Z. Yamani, S. Chang, Y. Qiu,, 4 J. R. D. Copley, M. Ramazanoglu, H. A. Dabkowska, B. D. Gaulin,

Magnetic Order and Fluctuations in the Presence of Quenched Disorder in the Kagome Staircase System

(Co1−xMgx)3V2O8, Physical Review B, 2013, 86(17), 174421

Y. J. Uemura , A. Senyshyn, B. Frandsen, F. Ning, G. Luke, H. Dabkowska, J. Zhu, K. Zhao, L. Liu, L.Hubertus, M.

Elvezio, P. Boeni, Q. Liu, R. Yu, S. Dunsiger, T. Goko, T. Uemura, W. Han, X. Wang, X. Li, Z. Deng, New Diluted

Ferromagnetic Semiconductor (Ba,K)(Zn,Mn2As2 with Tc up to 180 K, Nature Communications, 2013, 4, 1442

Special Issue to Commemorate the Work of Professor Jan Czochralski Preface Paszkowicz, Wojciech; Berkowski,

Marek; Pajaczkowska, Anna; Dabkowska, Hanna Acta Physica Polonica A, Volume: 124 Issue: 2 Special Issue: SI

Published: AUG 2013

Cryogenic Characterization Facility

R. M. D'Ortenzio, H. A. Dabkowska, S. R. Dunsiger, B. D. Gaulin, M. J. P. Gingras, T. Goko, J. B. Kycia, L. Liu, T.

Medina, T. J. Munsie, D. Pomaranski, K. A. Ross, Y. J. Uemura, T. J. Williams, G. M. Luke, Unconventional

Magnetic Ground State in Yb2Ti2O7, Phys. Rev. B, 2013, 88, 134428

K. Zhao, Z. Deng, X. C. Wang, W. Han, J. L. Zhu, X. Li, Q. Q. Liu, R. C. Yu, T. Goko, B. Frandsen, L. Liu, F. L.

Ning, Y. J. Uemura, H. Dabkowska, G. M. Luke, H. Luetkens, E. Morenzoni, S. R. Dunsiger, A. Senyshyn, P. Boni,

C. Q. Jin, New Diluted Ferromagnetic Semiconductor with Curie Temperature up to 180 K and Isostructural to the

`122' Iron-Based Superconductors, Nature Communications, 2013, 4, 1442

S. Chatterjee, J. Trinckauf, T. Hanke, D. E. Shai, J.W. Harter, T. J. Williams, G. M. Luke, K. M. Shen and J. Geck,

Formation of the Coherent Heavy Fermion Liquid at the `Hidden Order' Transition in URu2Si2, Phys. Rev. Lett.,

2013, 110, 186401

Lekin, K., Wong, J.W.L., Winter, S.M., Mailman, A., Dube, P.A., Oakley, R.T. Bisdithiazolyl Radical Spin

Ladders, Inorg. Chem., 2013, 52(4), 2188-2198

Winter, S.M., Balo, A.R., Roberts, R.J., Lekin, K., Assoud, A., Dube, P.A., Oakley, R.T., Hybrid

Dithiazolothiadiazinyl Radicals: Versatile Building Blocks for Magnetic and Conductive Materials, Chem. Comm.,

2013, 49(16), 1603-1605

Lucia Myongwon Lee, Philip J. W. Elder, Paul A. Dube, John E. Greedan, Hilary A. Jenkins, James F. Britten and

Ignacio Vargas-Baca. The size of the metal ion controls the structures of the

coordination polymers of benzo-2,1,3-selenadiazole, CrystEngComm, 2013, 15, 7434-7437

S. M. Winter, A. R. Balo, R. J. Roberts, K. Lekin, A. Assoud, P. A. Dube and R. T. Oakley. Hybrid

dithiazolothiadiazinyl radicals; versatile building blocks for magnetic and conductive materials, Chem.

Commun., 2013, 49, 1603-1605.

K. Lekin, J. W. L. Wong, S. M. Winter, A. Mailman, P. A. Dube and R. T. Oakley. “Bisdithiazolyl Radical

Spin Ladders.” Inorg. Chem. 52, 2188-2198 (2013).

A.C.E Chia, M. Tirado, F. Thouin, R. Leonelli, D. Comedi and R.R. LaPierre, Surface depletion and electrical

transport model of AlInP-passivated GaAs nanowires, Semicond. Sci. Technol., 2013, 28, 105026.


24

Cui Ding,1 Chuan Qin,1 Huiyuan Man,1 T. Imai,2,3 and F. L. Ning1, NMR investigation of the diluted magnetic

semiconductor Li(Zn1−xMnx)P (x = 0.1), PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 2013, 88, 041108(R)

T. Timusk, J.P Carbotte, C.C. Homes, D.N. Basov, and S.G. Sharapov, Three-dimensional Dirac fermions in

quasicrystals as seen via optical conductivity, Phys. Rev. B, 2013, 87, 235121 (2013).

J.S. Hall, T. Williams, G.M. Luke, U, Nagel, T. Uleksin, T. Rõõm, and T. Timusk, Observation of Multiple Gap

Structure in Hidden Order State of URu2Si2 from Optical Conductivity, Phys. Rev. B., 2013, 86, 035132.

M.Tie, P.Joanis, H.Feng, M.Feng, M.Niewczas, A.A.Dhirani, Magnetoconductance at tunnel junction contacts with

disordered granular materials, Thin Solid Films, 2013, 534, 666-672.

M.Niewczas, Latent hardening effects in low cycle fatigue of copper single crystals, Philosophical Magazine, 2013,

93, 272–303.

Morozkin, A.V., A.V. Knotko, V.O. Yapaskurt, Fang Yuan, Y. Mozharivskyj, R. Nirmala, "New orthorhombic

derivative of CaCu5-type structure: RNi4Si compounds (R=Y, La, Ce, Sm, Gd–Ho), crystal structure and some

magnetic properties", J. Solid State Chemistry, 2013, 208, p. 9-13.

Yao, J., Y. Zhang, P.L. Wang, L. Lutz, G.J. Miller, and Y. Mozharivskyj, "Electronically-induced ferromagnetic

transitions in Sm5Ge4-type magnetoresponsive phases", Phys. Rev. Letters, 2013, 110(7), p. 077204/1-5.

Cheung, Y.Y.J., V. Svitlyk, and Y. Mozharivskyj, "Structural and magnetic properties of Gd5Ge4-xPx (x = 0.25 –

0.63)", J. Magnetism and Magn. Mat., 2013, 331, p. 237-244.

Morozkin, A., J. Yao, Y. Mozharivskyj, "New ternary Yb5Sb3-type R5PtX2 compounds (R=Y, Gd and Er; X= Sb

and Bi) and their magnetic properties", J. Solid State Chem., 2013, 34, p. 10-13.

Yao, J., Morozkin, A., and Mozharivskyj, Y., Coloring problem and magnetocaloric effect of Gd3Co2.2Si1.8, J. of

Alloys and Compounds, 2013, 550, 331-334.

McMaster Analytical X-Ray Diffraction Facility (MAX)

Lee, L.M., Elder, P.J.W., Dube, P.A., Greedan, J.E., Jenkins, H.A., Britten, J.F., Vargas-Baca, I., The size of the

metal ion controls the structures of the coordination polymers of benzo-2,1,3-selenadiazole, Cryst. Eng. Comm.,

2013, 15, 7434-7437

DiMondo, D., Thibault, M.E., Britten, J., Schlaf, M., Comparison of the Catalytic Activity of [(eta(5)-

C5H5)Ru(2,2'bipyridine)(L))-Tf versus [(eta(5)-C5H5)Ru(6,6'-diamino-2,2'bipyridine)(L)]OTf (L = labile ligand) in

the Hydrogenation of Cyclohexanone. Evidence for the Presence of a Metal Ligand Bifunctional Mechanism under

Acidic Conditions, Organometallics, 2013, 32(21), 6541-6554

Makoto Tachibana, Katharina Fritsch, Bruce D. Gaulin, X-ray scattering studies of structural phase transitions in

pyrochlore Cd2Nb2O7, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2013, 25(43), 435902

N. R. Andreychuk, D. J. H. Emslie, Potassium–Alkane Interactions within a Rigid Hydrophobic Pocket, Angew.

Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52, 1696-1699.

N. R. Andreychuk, S. Ilango, B. Vidjayacoumar, D. J. H. Emslie, H. A. Jenkins, Uranium(IV) Alkyl Complexes of a

Rigid Dianionic NON-Donor Ligand: Synthesis and Quantitative Alkyl Exchange Reactions with Alkyllithium

Reagents, Organometallics, 2013, 32, 1466−1474.


25

D. J. H. Emslie, P. Chadha and J. S. Price, Metal ALD and pulsed-CVD: Fundamental reactions and links with

solution chemistry, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2013, 257, 3282-3296.

B. E. Cowie and D. J. H. Emslie, Bridging Rh–Fe Borataaminocarbyne Complexes Formed by Intramolecular

Isonitrile–Borane Coordination, Organometallics, 2013, 32, 7297-7305.

D.S. Brock, H.P.A. Mercier, G.J. Schrobilgen, [H(OXeF2)n][AsF6] and [FXeII(OXe

IVF2)n][AsF6] (n = 1, 2);

Examples of Xenon(IV) Hydroxide Fluoride and Oxide Fluoride Cations; and the Crystal Structures of [F3Xe---

FH][Sb2F11] and [H5F4][SbF6]·2[F3Xe---FH][Sb2F11], J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 5089-5104.

M.V. Ivanova, T. Kochner, H.P.A. Mercier, G.J. Schrobilgen, The Synthesis and Lewis Acid Properties of ReO3F;

the X-ray Crystal Structures of FO3Re(FH)2·HF and [N(CH3)4]2[µ3-O(FReO3)3]·CH3CN, Inorg. Chem., 2013, 52,

6806-6819.

I.M. Shlyapnikov, E.A. Goreshnik, H.P.A. Mercier, G.J. Schrobilgen, Z. Mazej, Synthesis and Characterization of

Imidazolium Poly[perfluorotitanate(IV)] Salts Containing the [TiF6]2–

, ([Ti2F9]–)inf, [Ti2F11]

3–, and the New [Ti4F20]

4–

and [Ti5F23]3–

Anions, Inorg. Chem., 2013, 52, 8315-8326.

J.R. Debackere, H.P.A. Mercier, G.J. Schrobilgen, Noble-Gas Difluoride Complexes of Mercury(II); the Structures

and Syntheses of Hg(OTeF5)2·1.5NgF2 (Ng = Xe, Kr) and Hg(OTeF5)2, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136, 3888-3903.

Woo, S. Y., Devenyi, G. A., Ghanad-Tavakoli, S., Kleiman, R. N., Preston, J. S., Botton, G. A., Tilted epitaxy on

(211)-oriented substrates Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102(13), 132103/1-132103/4.

A. F. Cozzolino, G. Dimopoulos-Italiano, L. M. Lee, I. Vargas-Baca, Chalcogen-nitrogen secondary bonding

interactions in the gas phase: spectrometric detection of ionized benzo-2,1,3-telluradiazole dimers, Eur. J. Inorg.

Chem., 2013, 15, 2751-2756. DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201201439.

Wang, P.L. and Y. Mozharivskyj, The low-symmetry lanthanum(III) oxotellurate(IV), La10Te12O39., Acta

crystallographica. Section E, 2013, 69(6), i36.

Wang, P.L., T. Kolodiazhnyi, J. Yao, and Y. Mozharivskyj, Disorder-Controlled Electrical Properties in the Ho2Sb1-

xBixO2 Phases, Chemistry of Materials, 2013, 25 (5), 699–703.

Yao, J., Y. Zhang, P.L. Wang, L. Lutz, G.J. Miller, and Y. Mozharivskyj, Electronically-induced ferromagnetic

transitions in Sm5Ge4-type magnetoresponsive phases, Phys. Rev. Letters, 2013, 110(7), 077204/1-5.

Forbes, S., P. Wang, J. Yao, T. Kolodiazhnyi, Y. Mozharivskyj, Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electronic

Properties of the Tetragonal (REIRE

II)3SbO3 Phases (RE

I = La, Ce; RE

II = Dy, Ho), Inorg. Chem., 2013, 52(2),

1025–1031.

Cheung, Y.Y.J.,V. Svitlyk, and Y. Mozharivskyj, Structural and magnetic properties of Gd5Ge4-xPx (x = 0.25 –

0.63), J. Magnetism and Magn. Mat., 2013, 331, 237-244.

Yao, J., A.Morozkin, and Y. Mozharivskyj, Coloring problem and magnetocaloric effect of Gd3Co2.2Si1.8, J. of

Alloys and Compounds, 2013, 550, 331-334.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ic302221y

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bimr annual report 2013 · bimr annual report – 2013 2 about the director dr. bruce d. gaulin was...

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