Binary Compound

A compound made

up of two parts,

a positive part and

a negative partH2O

The positive part is

always written first

Binary Compound

H2O

The negative part is

always written second

Binary Compound

H2O

Examples:

NH4OH NaCl CO2

H2SO4 Mg(OH)2

Binary Compound

Chemical Formula

A shorthand method of representing the makeup of chemicals...

H2O

using chemical symbols

and oxidation numbers.

Chemical Formula

H2O

C6H12O6

Chemical Formula

(NH4)2SO4

Chemical Formula

Oxidation Number

The apparent charge

on an atom.

The charge on an ion.

Tells the number of

electrons gained or

lost when forming

compounds.

Oxidation Number

Atoms with positive

oxidation numbers

lose electrons.

Oxidation Number

Na+

Metals commonly

have positive oxidation

numbers.

Oxidation Number

Na+

Atoms with negative

oxidation numbers

gain electrons.

Oxidation Number

Cl-

Nonmetals commonly

have negative oxidation

numbers.

Oxidation Number

Cl-

The sum of the oxidation

numbers in a chemical

formula is equal to zero.

Oxidation Number

Na+ Cl-

Subscripts

Small numbers to the

lower right of a

chemical symbol. H2O

Represent the number

of atoms of the element

in the compound.H2O

Subscripts

Subscripts of 1 are

never used, they

are understood.H2O

Subscripts

Multiply the subscript by

the oxidation number.

H2O

Subscripts

H2O

Hydrogen:

Oxidation # X Subscript

+ 1 X 2 = + 2

H2OOxygen:

Oxidation # X Subscript

- 2 X 1 = - 2

H2OTotal Oxidation Number:

( + 2 ) + ( - 2 ) = 0

A Simplification

Make the oxidation of one element the subscript of the other element.

There is one possible problem!

CaO+2 -2

Ca2O2

A Simplification

There is one possible problem!

These subscripts will reduce...

CaO+2 -2

Ca2O2

A Simplification

Subscripts MUST be written

in their lowest form.

CaO

A Simplification

What is the formula of the

compound formed when

magnesium and chlorine

combine?

Example:

What is the formula of the

compound formed when

magnesium and chlorine

combine?

Example:

MgCl2

What is the formula of the

compound formed when

sulfur and potassium

combine?

Example:

What is the formula of the

compound formed when

sulfur and potassium

combine?

Example:

K2S

What is the formula of the

compound formed when

oxygen and aluminum

combine?

Example:

What is the formula of the

compound formed when

oxygen and aluminum

combine?Al2O3

Example:

Ion

An atom (or atoms)

with a charge.

IonMeaning the number of

protons and electrons

is no longer the same.

IonChemists cannot change

an atom's protons,

so it must be the

electrons that change.

H+ O-2

Mg+2 P-3

IonThis atom has

lost __ e-

H+ O-2

Mg+2 P-3

IonThis atom has

gained __ e-

H+ O-2

Mg+2 P-3

Ion

This atom has lost __ e-

H+ O-2

Mg+2 P-3

Ion

This atom has gained __ e-

A group of covalently

bonded atoms with an

overall charge.

Polyatomic Ion

NEVER change the

subscripts in a

polyatomic ion.

Polyatomic Ion

If more than one is

needed in a formula,

put parenthesis

around the ion...

Polyatomic Ion

and add the subscript

outside the parenthesis.

Polyatomic Ion

(NH4)2SO4

Polyatomic Ion

What is the formula of the

compound formed when

calcium combines with the

nitrate ion?

Example:

What is the formula of the

compound formed when

calcium combines with the

nitrate ion?

Example:

Ca(NO3)2

What is the formula of the

compound formed when

zinc combines with the

sulfate ion?

Example:

What is the formula of the

compound formed when

zinc combines with the

sulfate ion?

Example:

ZnSO4

What is the formula of the

compound formed when the

ammonium and phosphate

ions combine?

Example:

What is the formula of the

compound formed when the

ammonium and phosphate

ions combine?

Example:

(NH4)3PO4

The sum of the oxidation

numbers in a polyatomic

ion is equal to the

charge on the ion.

Polyatomic Ion

Polyatomic Ion

What is the formula for the sulfate ion?

SO4-2

Polyatomic Ion

The Sulfate Ion

SO4-2

Polyatomic Ion

This oxidation numbermust be positive.

SO4-2

Polyatomic Ion

This oxidation numbermust be negative.

SO4-2

Polyatomic Ion

The total of the oxidation numbers

must equal this charge.

SO4-2

oxygen -2 X 4 = -8

+ sulfur = ?

= -2

Polyatomic Ion

SO4-2

oxygen -2 X 4 = -8

+ sulfur = +6

= -2

Polyatomic Ion

What is the formula for the compound formedwhen zinc combineswith the perchlorate ion?

Zn(ClO4)2

Zn(ClO4)2

What is the oxidationnumber of chlorine inthis compound?

Zn(ClO4)2

Zn is +2 X 1 = +2

Zn(ClO4)2

Zn is +2 X 1 = +2O is -2 X 4 X 2 = -16

Zn(ClO4)2

Zn is +2 X 1 = +2O is -2 X 4 X 2 = -16Cl's total must be +14

Zn(ClO4)2

Zn is +2 X 1 = +2O is -2 X 4 X 2 = -16Cl's total must be +14There are 2 Cl's, each one = +7

Lab Question:

Does steel wool weigh more or less after burning.

A combustion reaction is defined as a hydrocarbon combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.Combustion

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

Metallic substances combine withoxygen in oxidation-reductionreactions, such as the rustingof iron.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.Combustion

4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3

Do these two reactions suggestthat anything that burns isactually combining withoxygen in the atmosphere?

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.Combustion

4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Steel wool is commonly purchasedas pads formed from very thinmetal threads.

These pads areused as abrasives.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.Combustion

coarse - medium - fine

Is it possible that these metal threads would burn?

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.Combustion

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

coarse - medium - fine

An impressive pyrotechnic displayusing steel wool.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Naming

Binary

Compounds

Chemical Names

First:

Write the name

of the positive element.

Chemical Names

Then:

Write the name of the negative element...

Chemical Names

with an ide ending.

Chemical Names

Examples:

NaCl

CaI2

Li4C

Chemical Names

Examples:

NaCl Sodium chloride

CaI2

Li4C

Chemical Names

Examples:

NaCl Sodium chloride

CaI2 Calcium iodide

Li4C

Chemical Names

Examples:

NaCl Sodium chloride

CaI2 Calcium iodide

Li4C Lithium carbide

Chemical Names

Compounds

Containing

Polyatomic Ions

Chemical Names

First:

Write the name of the positive element or

ion.

Chemical Names

Then:Write the name of the

negative part...

Chemical Names

Then:If the negative part is a

polyatomic ion, write the

name with no changes...

Chemical Names

Then:If the negative part is an

element, write the name

with an ide ending as

usual.

Chemical Names

Examples:

MgSO4

CaCO3

NH4Cl

Chemical Names

Examples:MgSO4 Magnesium sulfate

CaCO3

NH4Cl

Chemical Names

Examples:MgSO4 Magnesium sulfate

CaCO3 Calcium carbonate

NH4Cl

Chemical Names

Examples:MgSO4 Magnesium sulfate

CaCO3 Calcium carbonate

NH4Cl Ammonium chloride

Chemical Names

With

Roman Numerals

Chemical Names

If the positive element has

more than one possible

oxidation number...

Chemical Names

or if it is out of character,

its oxidation number

is shown...

Chemical Names

with a Roman numeral in

parenthesis after its name.

Chemical Names

Examples:

lead (IV) oxide

nitrogen (III) fluoride

copper (I) chloride

Chemical Names

Examples:

lead (IV) oxide PbO2

nitrogen (III) fluoride

copper (I) chloride

Chemical Names

Examples:

lead (IV) oxide PbO2

nitrogen (III) fluoride NF3

copper (I) chloride

Chemical Names

Examples:

lead (IV) oxide PbO2

nitrogen (III) fluoride NF3

copper (I) chloride CuCl

Chemical Names

The "Big 3" industrial acids:

Chemical Names

The "Big 3" industrial acids:

Chemical Names

The "Big 3" industrial acids:

Chemical Names