writing formulas and naming compounds. binary compounds made up of only 2 elements two types of...
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WRITING FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS
Binary Compounds
Made up of only 2 elements Two types of Binary Compounds
1. Ionic Compounds- metal and nonmetal
Ex: NaCl, MgBr2, K2O
2. Covalent Compounds- 2 nonmetals Ex: CO2, H2O, SO3
Ionic or Covalent?
1. NO2
covalent2. P2O4
covalent3. Fe2O3
ionic4. CaF2
ionic
Covalent Compounds
NAMING A. Use prefixes to indicate the number of
atoms of each element mono-1 hexa-6 di-2 hepta-7 tri-3 octa-8 tetra-4 nona-9 penta-5 deca-10
B. Name the first element. If you have only one atom of the first element, do NOT use the prefix mono.
C. Name the second element with prefixes. Change the ending to “ide”.
Name the following:
1. CO2
carbon dioxide
2. SO3
sulfur trioxide
3. N2O4
dinitrogen tetroxide
4. CCl4 carbon tetrachloride
5. H2O
dihydrogen monoxide
Write the formula
1. phosphorus trichloride PCl32. nitrogen dioxide NO2
3. sulfur hexabromide SBr6
4. diphosphorus pentoxide P2O5
Ionic Compounds
NAMINGA. Name the first element (metal)
B. Name the second element (nonmetal) and change the ending to “ide”
C. NO PREFIXES!!!
Name the following:
1. NaCl
sodium chloride
2. CaF2
calcium fluoride
3. Ag2O
silver oxide
4. AlBr3
aluminum bromide
5. ZnS
zinc sulfide
Writing Formulas
Ionic compounds are composed of a positive ion called a cation and a negative ion called an anion.
A. Write the metal ion first. (+ ion: cation)
B. Write the nonmetal last. (- ion: anion)
C. Balance the charges! Charges must add up to zero to form a neutral compound.
How to determine the chargeYou can look at the position of the element
on the periodic table to determine the charge of the element when it forms an ion.
There is a difference between a neutral element (K) and an ion (K+).
Using the Periodic Table
Writing Formulas
1. sodium chloride Na+ Cl-
NaCl2. calcium chloride Ca+2 Cl-
Cl-
CaCl2
Writing Formulas
3. aluminum chloride Al+3 Cl-
Cl-
Cl-
AlCl3
Writing Formulas
4. potassium bromide K+ Br-
KBr5. potassium oxide K+ O-2
K+
K2O
Writing Formulas
6. aluminum oxide Al+3 O-2
Al+3 O-2
O-2
Al2O3
Review
Covalent compounds are made up of nonmetals only.
Use prefixes in the names of covalent compounds.
Covalent compounds do not have charges! Ionic compounds are made up of a metal and a
nonmetal. Balance the charges when you write a formula
for ionic compounds. Never use prefixes in the names of ionic
compounds!
Ionic Compounds with Roman Numerals
The roman numeral gives the charge of the metal ion.
Ex: Fe(II) Fe+2 Fe(III) Fe+3 Transition metals need roman numerals
in the name. Pb and Sn need roman numerals
because they have charges of +2 and +4.
Ag and Zn do NOT need roman numerals because Ag is always +1 and Zn is always +2.
Write the Formula
1. nickel (II) bromide NiBr2
2. lead (IV) oxide PbO2
3. iron (III) sulfide Fe2S3
Name the following
1. CrCl3 chromium (III) chloride2. FeO iron (II) oxide3. SnCl4 tin (IV) chloride4. Cu2O
copper (I) oxide
Review: Write the Formula
1. strontium fluoride
2. chromium (III) oxide
3. sulfur hexabromide
4. iron (III) sulfide5. carbon disulfide
1. SrF2
2. Cr2O3
3. SBr6
4. Fe2S3
5. CS2
Review: Name the following.
1. K2Se
2. CaI23. NiCl24. PCl35. BaNa2
1. potassium selenide
2. calcium iodide3. nickel (II)
chloride4. phosphorus
trichloride5. banana
Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
Naming Name the metal Name the polyatomic ion Use roman numeral if needed
Naming
1. MgCO3
magnesium carbonate2. Na2SO4
sodium sulfate3. Cu(OH)2
copper (II) hydroxide4. Zn(C2H3O2)2
zinc acetate
Write the Formula:
1. aluminum nitrate Al(NO3)3
2. ammonium sulfite (NH4)2SO3
3. iron (III) chlorate Fe(ClO3)3
4. calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2