Bio 9C: Monday, January 4, 2010Title: Cell Specialization & Muscle Cells

Homework: Read Section 36.2 and take notes using active reading

strategies – see assignment sheet for details.

Extended Do Now: Get a worksheet and complete Task #1 (5 min) Compare answers/drawings with your tablemates Complete Task #2 with the person sitting next to you

Today’s Objectives: Describe how different types of cells have different

structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow

them to contract to create movement

Extended Do Now: “Typical” Human Cell

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Extended Do Now: Specialized Cells have Specialized Structures

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Biology 9 – Moretti & Dickson

Bio 9C: Wednesday, January 6, 2010Title: Muscle Cells Day 2

Homework: Complete Chicken Wing Dissection Analysis Questions

Extended Do Now: What are the three things that make up the

musculoskeletal system?

Today’s Objectives:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow

them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create

our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and

cause movement

Muscle Contractions:Create Body Movements

The Musculoskeletal System

Overall Functions: Move the body, or parts of the

body Support body & maintain

posture(keep you standing/sitting upright)

Made up of… Skeletal muscles Bones (skeletal system) Connective tissues

Tendons connect muscle to bone

Ligaments connect bone to bone

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Rules

Respect for the animals that donated these wings

Safety Raw meat… keep hands away from

mouth, wash hands after. Scalpels are sharp!

Patience – this might be confusing. That’s OK! You can learn a lot even if you can’t figure out all the parts.

Zero tolerance for fooling around, horseplay, etc. You WILL be asked to leave

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Materials

Aprons, goggles & gloves

Dissecting tray Scalpel – caution, these

are sharp! Never cut towards fingers!

Scissors – often these are better for cutting than the scalpel

Chicken WingsObjectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Procedures

Put a chicken wing on a paper towel. Peel back or cut away the skin and fat of the largest wing segment to expose

the large muscle. This muscle is called the bicep. Find the tendon that attaches the bicep to the bones of the middle segment

of the wing. Tendons are tough, shiny, white cords that join the muscle to the bones.

Use forceps to pull on the tendon of the biceps and observe what happens to the chicken wing.

In the space below, draw a sketch showing how the tendon attaches the biceps muscle to the moveable bone in the wing. Write a sentence describing what happens when you pull on the tendon with the forceps.

Locate the joint between two bones. Observe how the joint is structured, particularly how the bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles all come together. 

Lastly, break one of the small bones in half (be sure to crack it away from you). Examine the structure of the bone. Make notes and/or drawings.

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Hand Anatomy

Skeletal Muscle Attached to bones Contracts to create body

movements Controlled voluntarily Structured with fibers bundled

within fibers. The simplest muscle fiber is a muscle cell.

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Muscle Tissue

Bio 9C: Thursday, January 7, 2010Title: Muscle Cells Day 3

Homework: In your notebook, write 2 paragraphs describing the following:

What are the major structures of a skeletal muscle cell and how they work together to allow a muscle to contract?

How do muscles, bones, and tendons connect together and help move body parts? Give an example of how a particular body part moves!

Do Now: What are the parts of the muscle cell that make it contract?

Today’s Objectives:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to

contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our

musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause

movement

Zoom in…

Zoom in more…

Skeletal Muscle Cells

Long, narrow cells Filled with

specialized cytoskeleton fibers

Many mitochondria Many nuclei along

edges of cell

Reach the whole length of a muscleFibers attach and slide past each other to contract

Provide ATP energy for cytoskeleton to moveHelp make cytoskeleton proteins along the length of the whole cell

Structures: Functions:

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Zoom in…

Skeletal Muscle Cells

How Muscle Cells Contract

1.Cytoskeleton fibers (myosin and actin) attach to each other and pull together.

2.This makes the entire muscle cell get shorter (aka contract).

3.This process uses a lot of ATP energy (provided by mitochondria).

4.When the fibers let go, the muscle relaxes.Objectives for Class:

• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Muscles are attached to at least two points: Immovable bone to

“anchor” muscles Movable bone - attached

by tendons) Muscle Contracts (gets

shorter) Muscle pulls on the tendon

attached to moveable bone Tendon pulls bone into new

position

Muscle Contractions:Create Body Movements

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Examples: Upper Arm:

Biceps contract: Arm bends at the elbow

Triceps contract: Arm straightens

Lower Leg: Shin muscle contracts: Foot goes up Calf muscle contracts: Foot goes

down

Muscle Contractions: Opposing Muscles Create Movement

Animations:

Overview, zoom in, and sarcomere contraction in grasshopper muscles (excellent):

http://entochem.tamu.edu/MuscleStrucContractswf/index.html

Simultaneous whole-muscle, cartoon sarcomere, and real muscle fiber contraction (brief):

http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a502-muscle-contraction-sarcomere

Actin, myosin, and cross-bridges (detailed):http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.htmlObjectives for Class:

• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement