bio energy
TRANSCRIPT
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WELCOMEPRESENTATION ON
BIO ENERGY
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BIO ENERGY• Bioenergy is energy derived from biomass
and biogas source. It is a renewable energy source.
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BIOMASS
• Biomass is organic matter from plants, micro- -organism grown on land and water and their derivatives. The energy obtain from biomass is also called the biomass energy. It is a renew- -able energy source. Because organic matter generated everyday. Coal, petroleum, natural gas are not come in biomass category because they produce from dead, burried biomass under high pressure and temperature during several millions of year.
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Type of biomass
• Biomass are classified in three group…..1. Biomass from cultivated like fields, crops,
forests etc.2. Biomass derived from wastes like municipal
waste, animal dung etc.3. Biomass converted into liquid fuels. • In first group the biomass is directly
converted into energy by burning the biomass.
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Second group the biomass is fermented anaerobically to obtain gaseous fuel like bio-gas.
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Anaerobically
• Naturally occurring bacteria breakdown organic material (such as agricultural energy crops like Giant King Grass) in the absence of oxygen resulting in the creation of methane and carbon dioxide, which make up the composition of biogas. This process is called anaerobic digestion and occurs in large enclosed tanks. The biogas is collected from the anaerobic digestion tanks and processed through a generator to produce renewable electricity.
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In third group biomass is converted into ethanol and methanol to use in a liquid fuels in engine.
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Biomass conversion processes
1. Direct combustion2. Thermochemical conversion 3. Biochemical conversion direct combustion:- Combustion is the oldest and most frequently applied process to extract the energy content from solid biomass. During combustion, most of the energy is released in form of heat. Different thermodynamic processes can be used to transform part of this heat into electric power.
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How to produce electricity by direct combustion.
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Thermochemical conversion• Thermochemical conversion the process
convert the biomass and its residues to fuel, chemicals and power using gasification heating of biomass with about one third of oxygen is necessary for complete combustion produce mixture of co2 and hydrogen known as syngas. Pyrolysis heating biomass in absence or produce a liquid pyrolysis oil. They both are use as fuel.
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Biochemical conversion• Biochemical conversion by micro-organic
biomass to biofuel are slow process taking place low temperature. The principle conversion process is fermentation. Fermentation is a process of decomposition of organic matter by micro-organism.
• Example fermentation, decomposition of sugar to form ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast and ethanol forming acetic acid in making vinegar.
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Biochemical conversion
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Application of biomass
• generating electricity.• the producer gas from the biomass gasifier is
first cleaned and cooled and then used as a fuel in an IC engine.
• Biomass gasifier plants in an industry or an institute are usually used as captive power generation unit. In India, a large number of systems have been put-up in rice mills, with rice-husk as the feed material for gasifiers.
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Advantage of biomass
• Biomass Energy (or Bioenergy) is a renewable energy.• Biomass is always available it can be found anywhere and
includes organic matter such as plants, animals or waste products from organic sources.
• Less pollution is generated.• Reduce Fossil Fuel dependency: With the majority of
homes and businesses using oil to provide energy, oil will gradually run out if people do not switch to a renewable energy source such as biomass. Once oil is gone, it is gone forever. The use of biomass will therefore reduce the dependency on fossil fuels.
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Clean energy: As biomass is relatively clean, it can be used in such commercial businesses as airlines, meaning it is good for the environment and good for businesses.
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Disadvantage of biomass
• The initial costs of a biomass is high.• Harmful to the environment: Although there is a large
reduction of carbon dioxide emissions compared to other systems, there is an increase in methane gases, which can also be harmful to the Earth’s ozone layer.
• Consumes more fuel: In order to acquire enough lumber to power a plant, for example, companies would have to clear large forest area. This makes the use of trees and tree products to power machines inefficient and can create environmental problems.
• Large area require.
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Biogas
• Biogas :-typically refers to a mixture of different gases like fuel gas, sewer and in India known as Gobar gas. Gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. It is a renewable energy source. Biogas can be produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria, which digest material inside a closed system.
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Biogas plant
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Dome type gas plant
• This type of biogas plant developed by china. In china design it is usual to provide a mainhole cover at the top inlet and outlet are connected at a mid point of digester. Upper part of digester above liquid surface provide storage space for biogas. When gas is produced level of digester liquid drops whereas that in outlet rises with height difference between the two varying gas pressure. This difference in height help to regulate gas pressure within digester over a wide range.
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Advantage of Dome type gas plant
• No moving parts, therefore no maintenance problem.
• Longer working life.• Low cost.• Low operating cost.• Large amount of gas produce.• Space above of the plant may use other
purpose
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Disadvantage of Dome type gas plant
• Require skill masons for construction.• Variable gas pressure.• Problem of scum formation.
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Moveable drum type plant
• This type is also known as floating dome type biogas plants. A floating-drum plant consists of a cylindrical or dome-shaped digester and a moving, floating gas-holder, or drum. The gas-holder floats either directly in the fermenting slurry or in a separate water jacket. The drum in which the biogas collects has an internal and/or external guide frame that provides stability and keeps the drum upright. If biogas is produced, the drum moves up, if gas is consumed, the gas-holder sinks back.
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Moveable drum type plant
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material
Floating-drums made of glass-fiber reinforced plastic and high-density polyethylene have been used successfully, but the construction costs are higher compared to using steel. Floating-drums made of wire-mesh-reinforced concrete are liable to hairline cracking and are intrinsically porous. They require a gas-tight, elastic internal coating. PVC drums are unsuitable because they are not resistant to UV.
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Advantage Moveable drum type plant
• Constant gas pressure.• No problem in gas leakage.• Higher gas production.• Scum problem is less.• Pressure is naturally equalised.
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disadvantage Moveable drum type plant
• High cost.• High maintenance.• Outlet pipe should be flexible. It require
regular attention.• Heat is loss through gas holder.
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Direct Combustion video
Process of Combustion.mp4
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Fixed dome type biogas plant
Fixed dome type biogas plant.mp4
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Thank you for your attention!