bio- molecules - welcome to biology at the ranch! -...

Bio- molecules

• Bio-molecules are macromolecules/polymers that

make up living things.

Life Two or more atoms

bonded together

1. Carbohydrates (sugars)

3. Proteins

2. Lipids (fats)

4. Nucleic Acids

Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates:

– Aka:

– Function:

• Lipids:

– Aka:

– Function:

Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates:

– Aka: sugars – glucose, sucrose, fructose, etc

– Function: Short term energy

• Lipids:

– Aka: fats – triglycerides, saturated/unsaturated

– Function: Long-term energy, insulation

Biomolecules

• Proteins:

– Aka:

– Function:

• Nucleic Acids:

– Aka:

– Function:

Biomolecules

• Proteins:

– Aka: Amino acids –

– Function: build muscle, bones, pretty much the body

• Nucleic Acids:

– Aka: DNA/RNA – your genetic code

– Function: Instructions for your cell –the BIG BOSS

Synthesis means…?

Synthesis means…?

To build

Biomolecules Review

Read the description.

Hold up the card for the correct

biomolecule when I ask you to do

so.

Which biomolecule is this?

Carbohydrate


Protein


CARBOHYDRATE


Nucleic Acid


Lipid


Carbohydrate


Lipid


Nucleic

Acid


Protein


Proteins


Nucleic Acid


Lipid


Carbohydrate


Lipids


Nucleic Acid


Carbohydrate

Which biomolecule has this

function?

• Stores and transmits

heredity or genetic

information

Nucleic Acid


function?

• Cellulose provides support and structure for plants.

Carbohydrates


function?

• Antibodies help defend

against disease and fight

infections.

Proteins


function?

• An important part of cell

membranes

Lipids


function?

• Transports substances in and out of cells through channels in the cell membrane.

Proteins


function?

• Used to store energy that

is released slowly.

Lipids


function?

• Forms bones, muscles,

hair and nails.

Proteins


function?

• Main source of quick

energy for living things.

Carbohydrates


function?

• Helps to regulate cell

processes by the use of

hormones.

Proteins


function?

• Starch is the main form of

stored energy for plants.

Carbohydrates


function?

• Enzymes speed up

reactions by lowering the

activation energy.

Proteins


function?

• Glycogen is the main form of stored energy for animals.

Carbohydrates


function?

• Contains the code to

make proteins.

Nucleic Acids

• These biomolecules all

end in the suffix –ose.

Carbohydrates

• The monomer of this

biomolecule is a

monosaccharide.

Carbohydrate

• The monomer of this biomolecule is a nucleotide.

Nucleic Acid

• This biomolecule is made

up of glycerol and a fatty

acid.

Lipid

• The monomer of this biomolecule is an amino acid.

Protein

• This biomolecule includes

fats, oils and waxes.

Lipids

Which three biomolecules make up

this structure?

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins


Proteins


Carbohydrates


Lipids

C H O

1: 2: 1

Monomer: Sugar Main source of

energy, especially

short term energy

Used for genetic material,

which codes for traits

Monomer: Nucleotide C H O N P

DNA: A C G T

Monosaccharide: simple sugar

Disaccharide: double (two) sugars

Polysaccharide: many (large) sugars

RNA: A G C U

Carbohydrates

Glucose,

Starch,

Cellulose,

Glycogen

Nucleic Acids

DNA, RNA, ATP

Macromolecules

Lipids

Fats, Oils,

Waxes

Proteins Enzymes,

Cell structure

Saturated: only C-C single bonds

Unsaturated: at least 1 C = C double bond

Triglyceride: 3 fatty acids + glycerol Bonded by: Peptide Bonds

Used for antibodies, muscle C H O

Monomer: Triglyceride

Used for long term

energy storage

movement, enzymes, hormones, structure, transport, and to store amino acids

Monomer: Amino Acid

C H O N (S)

51

Enzymes

Free

Energy

Progress of the reaction

Reactants

Products

Free energy of activation

Without Enzyme

With Enzyme

What is the function of the structure below?

Lets materials in and out of the cell,

maintaining homeostasis

What is the function of the structure below?

Think about this….What happens to the cells of a salt

water fish when you put them in

fresh water?

Which way will osmosis occur if the cell is in a

high concentration solution?

A. into the cell

B. out of the cell

C. in and out of the cell at equal rates

D. water will not move at all

Name these three parts of the plasma membrane.

1.2.

3.

Name these three parts of the plasma membrane.

1.2.

3.

cholesterol

Transport protein

phospholipid

What is being shown in the pic below?

A. Simple Diffusion

B. Active Transport

C. Exocytosis

D. Facilitated Diffusion

A cucumber cell and ecoli bacteria cell will

have these in common….

A. cell wall, chloroplasts, cytoplasm

B. cell wall, plasma membrane, mitochondria

C. nucleus, cell wall, ribosomes

D. plasma membrane, ribosomes, cell wall

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus

(Golgi body)?

SORTS, PACKAGES, AND

TRANSPORTS PROTEINS

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus

(Golgi body)?

What is the name of the organelle that digests

and recycles for the eukaryotic cell?

What is the name of the organelle that digests

and recycles for the eukaryotic cell?

LYSOSOMES

Which organelle (without a membrane) builds

proteins?

Which organelle (without a membrane) builds

proteins?

RIBOSOME

List three differences between animal cells

and plant cells, call me over when you

have it.

List three differences between animal cells

and plant cells, call me over when you

have it.1. Plants have one large vacuole, animal cells have many small ones

2. Plant cells have chloroplasts

3. Plant cells have a cell wall

4. Animal cells have centrioles

During cellular respiration, mitochondria take the

food energy made during _______(what process?) and

transform it into __________?

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=BK-EpX0Smd5lxM&tbnid=8uLP8NRnI6TL0M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.zazzle.com/chipmunk_stuffing_his_face_art_photo-190112945307115909&ei=vUhCUufPIOSF2QWehYGACQ&bvm=bv.53077864,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNGhZgubx5h5ky88_KFqRj7YoQ24Aw&ust=1380162062669406


During cellular respiration,

mitochondria take the food energy made during

___________(what process?) and transform it

into __________?

Photosynthesis

ATP



Plant cells carry out photosynthesis. Which

type of cells carry out cellular respiration

with Mitochondria?

A. only plant cells

B. only animal cells

C. plant and animal cells

D. chloroplasts

If your body needs more energy, what two

reactants does your body need to take in?

If your body needs more energy, what two

reactants does your body need to take in?

Food (glucose) and Oxygen

bio- molecules - welcome to biology at the ranch! -...

Documents