bio432 topic(s) for 2nd paper: mating system evolutionary ecology kin selection non-kin cooperation...

Bio432Bio432

Topic(s) for 2nd paper:Topic(s) for 2nd paper:

Mating system evolutionary ecologyMating system evolutionary ecology

Kin selectionKin selection

Non-kin cooperationNon-kin cooperation

Cultural evolutionCultural evolution

See references on course webpageSee references on course webpage

Behavior Behavior Population Dynamics Population Dynamics

Behavior Behavior

Directly Affects Population DynamicsDirectly Affects Population Dynamics

Indirectly Affects Extinction RiskIndirectly Affects Extinction Risk


Intensity of Sexual SelectionIntensity of Sexual Selection

Behavior & Morphology Advance MatingBehavior & Morphology Advance Mating

Also Impose Mortality CostsAlso Impose Mortality Costs

Increase Extinction Risk (?)Increase Extinction Risk (?)


Sexually Selected Behavior/MorphologySexually Selected Behavior/Morphology

Mortality Costs: Mortality Costs:

Increased PredationIncreased Predation

Greater Aggressive InjuryGreater Aggressive Injury

Greater Parasite LoadGreater Parasite Load

Testosterone, ImmunityTestosterone, Immunity

Greater Population Sensitivity toGreater Population Sensitivity to

Demographic Stochasticity (?)Demographic Stochasticity (?)


Sexually selected traits impose survival costsSexually selected traits impose survival costs

Birds: assumed dichotomyBirds: assumed dichotomy

Dichromatic/Monochromatic spp Dichromatic/Monochromatic spp Strong/weak sexual selectionStrong/weak sexual selection

Dichromatic: Males bright; Females dullDichromatic: Males bright; Females dull


Given hypothesis, predict extinction rates Given hypothesis, predict extinction rates higher dichromatic populations/specieshigher dichromatic populations/species

Suggestion: species introduced Pacific islandsSuggestion: species introduced Pacific islands

dichromatic spp more likely to go extinct dichromatic spp more likely to go extinct than monochromatic sppthan monochromatic spp


Predict spp with elaborate secondary sexual Predict spp with elaborate secondary sexual traits would occur in taxa with traits would occur in taxa with

lowlow species richness species richness

ExtinctionsExtinctions due to sexual selection due to sexual selection

erode number of specieserode number of species


Birds: Opposite resultBirds: Opposite result

Dichromatism correlates positivelyDichromatism correlates positively

with species numberwith species number

Sexual selection, thru mating preferences,Sexual selection, thru mating preferences,

promotes promotes speciationspeciation in birds in birds

Need ecological, not Need ecological, not evolutionaryevolutionary, test, test


Doherty Doherty et alet al. 2003. PNAS 100:5858.. 2003. PNAS 100:5858.

North American BBSNorth American BBS

Continent wide, 40 km transects,50 stopsContinent wide, 40 km transects,50 stops

21 consecutive years21 consecutive years

185 monochromatic spp, 153 dichromatic spp185 monochromatic spp, 153 dichromatic spp


Estimated Estimated Extinction RatesExtinction Rates

Spp lost time Spp lost time tt to time ( to time (t t + 1)/Spp at time + 1)/Spp at time tt

Estimated Estimated Turnover RatesTurnover Rates

New spp at time (New spp at time (tt + 1)/Spp at time ( + 1)/Spp at time (tt + 1) + 1)


Comparisons: differences in each route,Comparisons: differences in each route,

averaged over time (spatial effect)averaged over time (spatial effect)

> 4000 observations> 4000 observations

Extinction rate differencesExtinction rate differences

Dichromatic spp:Dichromatic spp:

23% higher local rate23% higher local rate

.079 vs .064 per year.079 vs .064 per year

Rate diff (di – mono) =Rate diff (di – mono) =

.015 .015 .002 > 0 .002 > 0

Significant differenceSignificant difference

Turnover rate differencesTurnover rate differences

Dichromatic spp:Dichromatic spp:

25 % higher local rate25 % higher local rate

.076 vs .061 per year.076 vs .061 per year

Significant differenceSignificant difference


Avian sexual dichromatismAvian sexual dichromatism

linked to sexual selectionlinked to sexual selection

Greater predation, parasitism, rep. skewGreater predation, parasitism, rep. skew

Higher rates local extinction (as predicted)Higher rates local extinction (as predicted)

but higher rates of colonizationbut higher rates of colonization


Mating systems and Mating systems and

conservation of exploited marine fishconservation of exploited marine fish

Worldwide decline commercial fisheriesWorldwide decline commercial fisheries

2020thth Century: 50 spp too rare for economic viability Century: 50 spp too rare for economic viability

N Atlantic sharks declined 75% since 1986N Atlantic sharks declined 75% since 1986

Atlantic cod declined 90% last 35 yearsAtlantic cod declined 90% last 35 years


Fishery management: “ecological”Fishery management: “ecological”

Temporal abundanceTemporal abundance

Age/size distributionAge/size distribution

Geographic distributionGeographic distribution

Adequate stocks large; assumed that if stock Adequate stocks large; assumed that if stock collapses, recovery from reducedcollapses, recovery from reduced fishingfishing

Assumption failedAssumption failed


Rowe & Jennings. 2003. Rowe & Jennings. 2003. TREE TREE 18:567.18:567.

Collapsed population: need understand behaviorCollapsed population: need understand behavior

Mating system, impact of fishing on matingMating system, impact of fishing on mating


Not all individuals equally susceptible to effortNot all individuals equally susceptible to effort

Fishing targets largest, most active in populationFishing targets largest, most active in population

Alter phenotype distributionAlter phenotype distribution

If heritableIf heritable, selection pressure, selection pressure

Can alter operational sex ratio, Can alter operational sex ratio,

if one sex more likely to be caughtif one sex more likely to be caught


Fishery: focus on breeding aggregationsFishery: focus on breeding aggregations

Loss of males can reduce fertilization of ovaLoss of males can reduce fertilization of ova

Satellite male systemsSatellite male systems

Territorial male systemsTerritorial male systems

Disruption of dominance relationshipsDisruption of dominance relationships

Aggression among males can delay female Aggression among males can delay female mate choice, egg release (viability cost)mate choice, egg release (viability cost)


Density-dependent reproductionDensity-dependent reproduction

Assumed logistic-like: maximal at minimal densityAssumed logistic-like: maximal at minimal density

Search for mates may produceSearch for mates may produce

Allee effect, depensationAllee effect, depensation

bio432 topic(s) for 2nd paper: mating system evolutionary ecology kin selection non-kin cooperation...

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