biochemistry (ch. 5) organic molecules organic molecules carbon based moleculescarbon based...
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BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5)BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5)
Organic molecules Organic molecules •Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules
Inorganic moleculesInorganic molecules•Non-carbon based moleculesNon-carbon based molecules
4 categories of organic materials:4 categories of organic materials:
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates LipidsLipids ProteinsProteins Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids
Carbon CompoundsCarbon Compounds
Why is carbon so common in living Why is carbon so common in living things?things?
Carbon is a good “bonder”!!Carbon is a good “bonder”!!
Monomers and PolymersMonomers and Polymers
MonomersMonomers – 1 molecular – 1 molecular unitsunits
PolymersPolymers – monomers linked – monomers linked together into a long chaintogether into a long chain
Building PolymersBuilding Polymers
Dehydration SynthesisDehydration Synthesis•Definition: Definition:
Evaluate…
1. Explain the connection between a monomer and a polymer.
What molecule is released during the construction of a polymer? What is this reaction called?
Polysaccharides
Giant polymers of linked monosaccharides
Starch (plants)Glycogen (animals)Cellulose (“fiber”)
Let’s Review Carbs & Lipids
What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide? Give an example of each.
How do animals store excess glucose molecules?
What property do lipids share? What are the parts of a fat molecule? What does the term unsaturated fat
on a food label mean?
Structure of Amino Acid 20 different amino acids Each contain:
Amino group (NH2) Carboxyl group (COOH) Side group (R group)
Polypeptide Amino acids link together to
make a polypeptide (i.e. a protein) * see p. 101
Peptide bond-Covalent bond between two
amino acidsFormed by dehydration synthesisSee animation
Protein Shape
Yarn & Sweater example What influences protein shape?
Sequence of amino acids Surrounding environment
Denaturation- Protein unravels & loses shape
Substrate is what is changed
Enzyme binds to substrate at the active site
How Enzymes Work