biochemistry.rtf

7/18/2019 Biochemistry.rtf

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5.0

1

After consumption of rich food a patient has nausea and heartburn, steatorrhea. This

condition might be caused by:

A Bile acid deficiency

B Increased lipase secretion

CDisturbed tripsin synthesis

D Amylase deficiency

EDisturbed phospholipase synthesis

2

Galactosemia is revealed in the child. Concentration of glucose in the blood is not

considerably changed. Deficiency of hat en!yme caused this illness"

A Galactose#$#phosphate uridyltransferase

BAmylo#$,%#glucosidase

C &hosphoglucomutase

D Galacto'inase

E(e)o'inase

3

*atty of phospholipids is disordered due to fat infiltration of the liver. Indicate hich of the

presented substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids

synthesis"

A +ethionine

BAscorbic acid

CGlucose

D Glycerin

ECitrate

4

Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical or'. Blood e)amination

reveals usually hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the

folloing en!yme:

A Glycogen phosphorylase

B Glucose %#phosphate dehydrogenase

CAlpha amylase

D Gamma amylase

E ysosomal glycosidase

5

An infant has apparent diarrhea resulting from improper feeding. -ne of the main diarrhea

effects is plentiful e)cretion of sodium bicarbonate. hat form of acid#base balance disorder

is the case"

A +etabolic acidosis

B +etabolic al'alosis

C/espiratory acidosis

D/espiratory al'alosis

E0o disorders of acid#base balance ill be observed

6


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+ethotre)ate 1structural analogue of the folic acid hich is competitive inhibitor of the

dihydrofolatreductase2 is prescribed for treatment of the malignant tumour.-n hich level

does methotre)ate inhibit synthesis of the nucleic acids"

A +ononucleotide synthesis

B /eplication

C Transcription

D /eparation

E &rocessing

7

/0A#polymeraseB1II2 is bloc'ed due to amanitine poisoning 1poison of death#cup2. It

disturbes:

A 3ynthesis of m#/0A

B 3ynthesis of t#/0A

C/everse transcription

D &rimers synthesis

E+aturation of m#/0A

8

&ain along large nervous stems and increased amount of pyruvate in the blood ere revealed

in the patient. Insufficiency of hat vitamin can cause such change"

A 4$

B 45

C 66

D &antothenic acid

E Biotin

9

&atient ith encephalopathy as admitted to the neurological in#patient department.

Correlation of increasing of encephalopathy and substances absorbed by the bloodstream

from the intestines as revealed. hatsubstances that are created in the intestines can

cause endoto)emia"

A Indole

B Butyrate

CAcetacetate

D Biotin

E-rnithine

10

7)amination of a patient suffering from cancer of urinary bladder revealed high rate of

serotonin and hydro)yanthranilic acid. It is caused by e)cess of the folloing amino acid in the

organism:

A Tryptophan

BAlanine

C(istidine

D +ethionine

ETyrosine

11

A mother consulted a doctor about her 8#year#old child ho develops erythemas, vesicular


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rash and s'in itch under the influence of sun. aboratory studies revealed decreased iron

concentration in the blood serum, increased uroporphyrinogen I e)cretion ith the urine. hat

is the most li'ely inherited pathology in this child"

A 7rythropoietic porphyria

B +ethemoglobinemia

C(epatic porphyria

D Coproporphyria

E Intermittent porphyria

12

A 9 year old child ith fever as given aspirin. It resulted in intensified erythrocyte haemolysis.

(emolytic anemia might have been caused by congenital insufficiency of the folloing

en!yme:

A Glucose %#phosphate dehydrogenase

B Glucose %#phosphatase

CGlycogen phosphorylase

D Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase

E #glutamiltransferase

13

Blood of a $5 year old boy presents lo concentration of uric acid and accumulation of

)anthine and hypo)anthine. This child has genetic defect of the folloing en!yme:

A ;anthine o)idase

BArginase

Cs2

dystrophy. hich blood en!yme changes ill be of diagnostic value in this case"

A Creatine phospho'inase

B actate dehydrogenase

C &yruvate dehydrogenase

D Glutamate dehydrogenase

EAdenylate cyclase

16

A patient is ill ith diabetes mellitus that is accompanied by hyperglycemia of over ?,5

millimole@l on an empty stomach. The level of hat blood plasma protein allos to estimate

the glycemia rate retrospectively 1=# ee's before e)amination2"


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A Glycated hemoglobin

BAlbumin

C *ibrinogen

D C#reactive protein

ECeruloplasmin

17

In case of enterobiasis acrihine # the structural analogue of vitamin B5 # is administered.The synthesis disorder of hich en!ymes does this medicine cause in microorganisms"

A *AD#dependent dehydrogenases

B Cytochromeo)idases

C &eptidases

D 0AD#dependet dehydrogenases

EAminotransferases

18

A $#year#old girl often e)periences acute respiratory infections ith multiple spotty

haemorrages in the places of clothes friction. (ypovitaminosis of hat vitamin is present at

the girl"

A E

B 4%

C 4$

D F

E 45

19

(ydro)ylation of endogenous substrates and )enobiotics reuires a donor of protons. hichof the folloing vitamins can play this role"

A Hitamin C

B Hitamin &

C Hitamin B%

D Hitamin 7

E Hitamin A

20

The formation of a secondary mediator is obligatory in membrane#intracellular mechanism of

hormone action. &oint out the substance that is unable to be a secondary mediator:

A Glycerol

B Diacylglycerol

C Inositol#9,=,8#triphosphate

D CA+&

ECa5

21

A = y.o. child ith signs of durative proteinic starvation as admitted to the hospital. The signs

ere as follos: groth inhibition, anemia, edemata, mental deficiency. Choose a cause ofedemata development:

A /educed synthesis of albumins

B /educed synthesis of globulins

C/educed synthesis of hemoglobin


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D /educed synthesis of lipoproteins

E/educed synthesis of glycoproteins

22

/esearchers isolated 8 isoen!ymic forms of lactate dehydrogenase from the human blood

serum and studied their properties. hat property indicates that the isoen!ymic forms ere

isolated from the same en!yme"

A Cataly!ation of the same reactionB The same molecular eight

C The same physicochemical properties

D Tissue locali!ation

E The same electrophoretic mobility

23

-n some diseases it is observed aldosteronism ith hypertension and edema due to

sodium retention in the organism. hat organ of the internal secretion is affected on

aldosteronism"

AAdrenal glands

B Testicle

C-varies

D &ancreas

E(ypophysis

24

An e)periment proved that


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EAfter contact ith a sic' dogs

27

Tere is observed inhibited fibrillation in the patients ith bile ducts obstruction, bleeding due

to lo level of absorbtion of some vitamin. hat vitamin is in deficit"

A J

BF

CDD K

ECarotene

28

A 85 year#old patient ith bronchial asthma as treated ith glucocorticoids. *ever reaction

appeared as a result of postinLective abscess. The patient had subfebrile temperature, hich

didnMt correspond to latitude and severity of inflammatory process. hy did patient have lo

fever reaction"

A Inhibited endogen pyrogens production

B Hiolation of heat loss through lungs

C Inflammatory barrier formation in inLection place

D Hiolation of heat#producing mechanisms

E Thermoregulation center inhibition

29

A 98#year#old man under the treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis has acute#onset of right

big toe pain, selling, and lo#grade fever. The gouty arthritis as diagnosed and high

serum uric acid level as found. hich of the folloing antituberculosis drugs are 'non for

causing high uric acid levels"A &yra!inamide

B Cycloserine

C Thiaceta!one

D /ifampicin

EAminosalicylic acid

30

During metabolic process active forms of the o)ygen including supero)ide anion radical are

formed in the human body. ith help of hat en!yme is this anion activated"

A 3upero)ide dismutase

B Catalase

C &ero)idase

D Glutathionepero)idase

EGlutathionereductase

31

A patient presents high activity of D($,5, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine

phospho'inase. In hat organ 1organs2 is the development of a pathological process the

most probable"A In the heart muscle 1initial stage of myocardium infarction2

B In s'eletal muscles 1dystrophy, atrophy2

C In 'idneys and adrenals

D In connective tissue


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E In liver and 'idneys

32

Buffer capacity of blood as decreased in the or'er due to e)hausting muscular or'. 7ntry

of hat acid substance to the blood can this state be e)plained"

A actate

B &yruvate

C $,9#bisphosphoglycerateD N#'etoglutarate

E 9#phosphoglycerate

33

hile e)amining the child the doctor revealed symmetric chee's roughness, diarrhea,

disfunction of the nervous system. ac' of hat food components caused it"

A 0icotinic acid, tryptophane

B ysine, ascorbic acid

C Threonine, pantothenic acid

D +ethionine, lipoic acid

E &henylalanine, pangamic acid

34

A$9#year#old boy complains of general ea'ness, di!!iness, tiredness. (e is mentally

retarded. Increased level of valine, isoleucine, leucine is in the blood and urine.


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37

Aspirin has antiinflammatory effect due to inhibition of the cycloo)ygenase activity. evel of

hat biological active acids ill decrease"

A &rostaglandins

B eucotriens

CCatecholamines

D Biogenic amines

E Iodinethyronyns

38

At the aboratory e)periment the eu'ocyte culture as mi)ed ith staphylococci. 0eutrophile

leu'ocytes engulfed and digested bacterial cells. This processes are termed:

A &hagocytosis

B &inocytosis

CDiffusion

D *acilitated diffusion

E-smosis

39

7)amination of a patient revealed typical presentations of collagenosis. This pathology is

characteri!ed by increase of the folloing urine inde):

A (ydro)yproline

BArginine

CGlucose

D +ineral salts

EAmmonium salts

40

+ar'ed increase of activity of O4#forms of C&P 1creatinephospho'inase2 and D(#$ ere

revealed on the e)amination of the patient>s blood. hat is the most li'ely pathology"

A +iocardial infarction

B (epatitis

C/heumatism

D &ancreatitis

ECholecystitis

41


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A 0eutrophils

B 7osinophils

C Basophils

D imphocytes

E+onocytes

43

AT& synthesis is totaly bloc'ed in a cell. (o ill the value of membrane rest potentialchange"

A It ill disappear

B It ill be slightly increased

C It ill be considerably increased

D *irst it ill increase, then decrease

E *irst it ill decrease, then increase

44

The concentration of albumins in human blood sample is loer than normal. This leads to

edema of tissues. hat blood function is damaged"

A +aintaining the oncotic blood pressure

B +aintaining the &h level

C+aintaining the body temperature

D +aintaining the blood sedimentation system

EAll ansers are correct

45

7)amination of a patient suffering from freuent haemorrhages in the inner organs and

mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being included in collagen fibers.Impairment of their hydro)ylation is caused by lac' of the folloing vitamin:

A C

B 7

C P

D A

ED

46

A 5 year old patient complains of general ea'ness, di!!iness, uic' fatigability. Blood

analysis results: (b# g@l. +icroscopical e)amination results: erythrocytes are of modifiedform. This condition might be caused by:

A 3ic'le#cell anemia

B (epatocellular Laundice

CAcute intermittent porphyria

D -bturative Laundice

EAddison>s disease

47

A = year old patient complained about intense pain, slight selling and reddening of s'inover the Loints, temperature rise up to 9oC. Blood analysis revealed high concentration of

urates. This condition might be caused by disturbed metabolism of:

A &urines

B Collagen


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CCholesterol

D &yrimidines

ECarbohydrates

48

A patient has yello s'in colour, dar' urine, dar'#yello feces. hat substance ill have

strengthened concentration in the blood serum"

A


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53

A patient ith high rate of obesity as advised to use carnitine as a food additive in order to

enhance Qfat burningQ. hat is the role of carnitine in the process of fat o)idation"

A Transport of **A 1free fatty acids2 from cytosol to the mitochondria

B Transport of **A from fat depots to the tissues

C It ta'es part in one of reactions of **A beta#o)idation

D **A activationEActivation of intracellular lipolysis

54

An e)perimantal animal that as 'ept on protein#free diet developed fatty liver infiltration, in

particular as a result of deficiency of methylating agents. This is caused by disturbed

generation of the folloing metabolite:

A Choline

B D-&A

CCholesterol

D Acetoacetate

E inoleic acid

55

A patient consulted a doctor about symmetric dermatitis of open s'in areas. It as found out

that the patient lived mostly on cereals and ate too little meat, mil' and eggs. hat vitamin

deficiency is the most evident"

A 0icotinamide

B Calciferol

C *olic acidD Biotin

E Tocopherol

56

A =% year old oman suffering from chololithiasis developed Laundice. (er urine became

dar'#yello and feces became colourless. Blood serum ill have the highest concentration of

the folloing substance:

A ConLugated bilirubin

B


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58

A =5#year man suffering from gout has increased level of urinary acid in the blood. Allopurinol

as prescribed to decrease the level of urinary acid. Competitive inhibitor of hat en!yme is

allopurinol"

A ;anthino)idase

BAdenosinedeaminase

CAdeninephosphoribosiltransferaseD (ypo)antinphosphoribosiltransferase

EGuaninedeaminase

59

A 9 year old patient suffers from rheumatism in its active phase. hat laboratory

characteristic of blood serum is of diagnostic importance in case of this pathology"

A C#reactive protein

B


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the graft became sollen and changed colourR on the $$#th day graft reLection started. hat

cells ta'e part in this process"

A T#lymphocytes

B 7rythrocytes

C Basophils

D 7osinophils

E B#lymphocytes

64

A 9 y.o. oman had been ill for a year hen she felt pain in the area of Loints for the first time,

they got sollen and s'in above them became reddened. &rovisional diagnosis is

rheumatoid arthritis. -ne of the most probable causes of this disease is a structure alteration

of a connective tissue protein:

A Collagen

B +ucin

C+yosin

D -voalbumin

E Troponin

65

Autopsy of a $5#year#old girl revealed: multiple cutaneous hemmorhages 1mostly into the s'in

of buttoc's, loer e)tremities2, serous and mucous memrane hemmorhages, cerebral

hemmorhages. Adrenal glands sho focal necrosis and massive hemmorhagesR 'idneys

sho necrotic nephrosis, suppurative arthritis, iridocyclitis, vasculitis. hat is the most

probable diagnosis"

A +eningococcemia

B 7pidemic typhus

C &eriarteritis nodosaD 3ystemic lupus erythematosus

E/adiation sic'ness

66

7)amination of a 5?#year#old patient revealed pathological changes in liver and brain. Blood

plasma analysis revealed an abrupt decrease in the copper concentration, urine analysis

revealed an increased copper concentration. The patient as diagnosed ith ilsonMs

degeneration. To confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to study the activity of the folloing

en!yme in blood serum:

A CeruloplasminB Carbonic anhydrase

C ;anthine o)idase

D eucine aminopeptidase

EAlcohol dehydrogenase

67

A patient complains about dyspnea provo'ed by the physical activity. Clinical e)amination

revealed anaemia and presence of the paraprotein in the !one of gamma#globulins. To

confirm the myeloma diagnosis it is necessary to determine the folloing inde) in thepatientMs urine:

A Bence Sones protein

B Bilirubin

C(aemoglobin


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D Ceruloplasmin

EAntitrypsin

68

As a result of e)hausting muscular or' a or'er has largely reduced buffer capacity of blood.

hat acidic substance that came to blood caused this phenomenon"

A actate

B &yruvateC $,9#bisphosphoglycerate

D 9#phosphoglycerate

E #

69

A 5#year#old child ith mental and physical retardation has been delivered to a hospital. (e

presents ith freuent vomiting after having meals. There is phenylpyruvic acid in urine.

hich metabolism abnormality is the reason for this pathology"

AAmino#acid metabolism

B ipidic metabolism

CCarbohydrate metabolism

D ater#salt metabolism

E &hosphoric calcium metabolism

70

A patient as delivered to the hospital by an emergency team. -bLectively: grave condition,

unconscious, adynamy. Cutaneous surfaces are dry, eyes are sun'en, face is cyanotic. There

is tachycardia and smell of acetone from the mouth. Analysis results: blood glucose # 5,$

micromole@l 1standard is 9,9#8,8 micromole@l2, urine glucose # 9,8 1standard is # 2. hat isthe most probable diagnosis"

A (yperglycemic coma

B (ypoglycemic coma

CAcute heart failure

D Acute alcoholic into)ication

EAnaphylactic shoc'

71

&rofuse foam appeared hen dentist put hydrogen pero)ide on the mucous of the oral cavity.

hat en!yme caused such activity"

A Catalase

B Cholinesterase

CAcetyltransferase

D Glucose#%#phosphatdehydrogenase

E+ethemoglobinreductase

72

A %5 y.o. oman complains of freuent pains in the area of her chest and bac'bone, rib

fractures. A doctor assumed myelomatosis 1plasmocytoma2. hat of the folloing laboratorycharacteristics ill be of the greatest diagnostical importance"

A &araproteinemia

B (yperalbuminemia

C &roteinuria


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D (ypoglobulinemia

E(ypoproteinemia

73

A neborn child has convulsions that have been observed after prescription of vitamin B%.

This most probable cause of this effect is that vitamin B% is a componet of the folloing

en!yme:

A Glutamate decarbo)ylaseB &yruvate dehydrostase

C0etoglubarate dehydromine

D Aminolevulinate synthase

EGlycogen phosphorylase

74

0appies of a neborn have dar' spots that itness of formation of homogentisic acid.

+etabolic imbalance of hich substance is it connected ith"

A Thyrosine

B Galactose

C+ethionine

D Cholesterine

E Tryptophane

75

&athological changes of the liver and brain ere revealed in a 5?#year#old patient.The copper

concentration is abruptly decreased in blood plasma and increased in the urine. ilson>s

disease as diagnosed. Activity of hat en!yme in the blood serum should be e)amined to

prove diagnisis"A Ceruloplasmin

B Carboanhydra!e

C ;anthio)idase

D eucinamineopeptida!e

EAlcoholdehydrogena!e

76

A 8#year#old patient complains about general ea'ness, appetite loss and cardiac

arrhythmia. The patient presents ith muscle hypotonia, flaccid paralyses, ea'ened

peristaltic activity of the boels. 3uch condition might be caused by:

A (ypo'aliemia

B (ypoproteinemia

C(yper'aliemia

D (ypophosphatemia

E(yponatremia

77

An $#year#old patient has enlarged inguinal lymphnodes, they are painless, thic'ened on

palpation. In the area of genital mucous membrane there is a small#si!ed ulcer iththic'ened edges and QlauerQ bottom of greyish colour. hat is the most probable diagnosis"

A 3yphilis

B Tuberculosis

C epra


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D Trophic ulcer

EGonorrhea

78

Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient>s blood, the most of hich is e)creted

ith urine. hat avitaminosis is observed in the patient"

AAvitaminosis 4$

BAvitaminosis 7CAvitaminosis 49

D Avitaminosis B%

EAvitaminosis 45

79

Carnitine including drug as recomended to the sportsman for improving results. hat

process is activated most of all ith help of carnitine"

A Transport of fatty acids to the mitochondria

B 3ynthesis of steroid hormones

C 3ynthesis of 'etone bodies

D 3ynthesis of lipids

E Tissue respiration

80

A patient ith suspected diphtheria ent through bacterioscopic e)amination. 7)amination of

throat sab revealed rod#shaped bacteria ith volutin granules. hat etiotropic preparation

should be chosen in this case"

AAntidiphtheric antito)ic serum

B BacteriophageCDiphtheria antito)in

D 7ubiotic

E Interferon

81

&atient ith diabetes mellitus e)perienced loss of consciousness and convulsions after

inLection of insulin. hat is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the

sugar"

A $,8 mmol@

B , mmol@

C $, mmol@

D 9,9 mmol@

E 8,8 mmol@

82

A oman ho has been 'eeping to a clean#rice diet for a long time as diagnosed ith

polyneuritis 1beriberi2. hat vitamin deficit results in development of this disease"

A Thiamine

BAscorbic acidC &yrido)ine

D *olic acid

E/iboflavin


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83

/emoval of gall bladder of a patient has disturbed processes of Ca absorption through the

intestinal all. hat vitamin ill stimulate this process"

A D9

B &&

CC

D B$5

E P

84

A %9#year#old oman developed signs of rheumatoid arthritis. Increase of hich indicated

blood values level could be helpful in proving diagnosis"

AAdditive glycosaminoglycans

B ipoproteids

CAcid phosphatase

D General cholesterol

E/#glycosidase

85

A $,8#year#old child presents ith both mental and physical lag, decolori!ing of s'in and hair,

decrease in catecholamine concentration in blood. hen a fe drops of 8 solution of

trichloroacetic iron had been added to the childMs urine it turned olive green. 3uch alteration

are typical for the folloing pathology of the amino acid metabolism:

A &henyl'etonuria

BAl'aptonuria

C Tyrosinosis

D AlbinismE ;anthinuria

86

A patient complains of freuent diarrheas, especially after consumption of fattening food, and

of body eight loss. aboratory e)amination revealed steatorrheaR hypocholic feces. hat can

be the cause of this condition"

A -bturation of biliary tracts

B +ucous membrane inflammation of small intestine

C ac' of pancreatic lipase

D ac' of pancreatic phospholipase

E


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A child is languid, apathetic. iver is enlarged and liver biopsy revealed a significant e)cess of

glycogene. Glucose concentration in the blood stream is belo normal. hat is the cause of

lo glucose concentration"

A o 1absent2 activity of glycogene phosphorylase in liver

B o 1absent2 activity of he)o'inase

C(igh activity of glycogen synthetase

D o 1absent2 activity of glucose %#phosphatase

EDeficit of a gene that is responsible for synthesis of glucose $#phosphaturidine transferase

89

A %8 year old man suffering from gout complains of 'idney pain.


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93

A 98 y.o. patient ho often consumes alcohol as treated ith diuretics. There appeared

serious muscle and heart ea'ness, vomiting, diarrhea, A $@% mm (g, depression.

This condition is caused by intensified e)cretion ith urine of:

A &otassium

B 3odium

CChlorine

D Calcium

E &hosphates

94

After inta'e of rich food a patient feels nausea and sluggishnessR ith time there appeared

signs of steatorrhea. Blood cholesterine concentration is U,5 micromole@l. This condition as

caused by lac' of:

A Bile acids

B Triglycerides

C *atty acids

D &hospholipids

EChylomicrons

95

7)amination of a man ho hadn>t been consuming fats but had been getting enough

carbohydrates and proteins for a long time revealed dermatitis, poor ound healing, vision

impairment. hat is the probable cause of metabolic disorder"

A ac' of linoleic acid, vitamins A, D, 7, P

B ac' of palmitic acid

C ac' of vitamins &&, (

D o caloric value of dietE ac' of oleic acid

96

A ==#year#old oman complains of common ea'ness, heart pain, considerable increase of

body eigt. -bLectively: moon#li'e face, hirsutism, A $%8@$ mm (g, height # $%= cm,

eight # $9 'gR fat is mostly accumulated in the region of nec', upper shoulder girdle,

stomach. hat is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity"

A Increased production of glucocorticoids

B Decreased production of thyroidal hormones

C Increased production of insulinD Decreased production of glucagon

E Increased production of mineralocorticoids

97

An e)perimental animal has been given e)cessive amount of carbon#labeled glucose for a

ee'. hat compound can the label be found in"

A &almitic acid

B +ethionine

CHitamin A

D Choline

EArachidonic acid


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98

After a serious viral infection a 9#year#old child has repeated vomiting, loss of consciousness,

convulsions. 7)amination revealed hyperammoniemia. hat may have caused changes of

biochemical blood indices of this child"

A Disorder of ammonia neutrali!ation in ornithinic cycle

BActivated processes of aminoacids decarbo)ylation

CDisorder of biogenic amines neutrali!ation

D Increased purtefaction of proteins in intestines

E Inhibited activity of transamination en!ymes

99

7)amination of a patient ith freuent hemorrhages from internals and mucous membranes

revealed proline and lysine being a part of collagene fibers. hat vitamin absence caused

disturbance of their hydro)ylation"

A Hitamin C

B Hitamin P

C Hitamin A

D Thiamine

E Hitamin 7

100

A 9%#year#old female patient has a history of collagen disease.


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e)creted by urine can characteri!e the state of antito)ic function of liver"

A (ippuric acid

BAmmonium salts

C Preatinine

D


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A /enin

B &epsin

CGastrin

D 3ecretin

E ipase

109

The penetration of the irritable cell membrane for potassium ions has been increased duringan e)periment. hat changes of membrane electric status can occur"

A (yperpolari!ation

B Depolari!ation

CAction potential

D ocal response

E0o changes

110

A sportsman as recommended to ta'e a medication that contains carnitine in order to

improve his results. hat process is activated by carnitine the most"

A *atty acids transport to mitochondrions

B 3ynthesis of steroid hormones

C 3ynthesis of 'etone bodies

D 3ynyhesis of lipids

E Tissue respiration

111

To prevent postoperative bleeding a % y.o. child as administered vicasol that is a synthetic

analogue of vitamin P. 0ame post#translational changes of blood coagulation factors thatill be activated by vicasol:

A Carbo)ylation of glutamin acid

B &hosphorylation of serine radicals

C &artial proteolysis

D &olymeri!ation

EGlycosylation

112

A = y.o. boy has had recently serious viral hepatitis. 0o there are such clinical presentations

as vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood analysis revealedhyperammoniemia. Disturbunce of hich biochemical process caused such pathological

condition of the patient"

A Disturbed neutrali!ation of ammonia in liver

B Disturbed neutrali!ation of biogenic amines

C Increased putrefaction of proteins in boels

D Activation of aminoacid decarbo)ylation

E Inhibition of transamination en!yms

113

During e)amination of an $$#month#old infant a pediatrician revealed osteoectasia of the

loer e)tremities and delayed minerali!ation of cranial bones. 3uch pathology is usually

provo'ed by the deficit of the folloing vitamin:

A Cholecalciferol


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B Thiamin

C &antothenic acid

D Bioflavonoids

E/iboflavin

114

7)amination of a patient suffering from chronic hepatitis revealed a significant decrease in the

synthesis and secretion of bile acids. hat process ill be mainly disturbed in the patientMsboels"

A *at emulsification

B &rotein digestion

CCarbohydrate digestion

D Glycerin absorption

EAmino acid absorption

115

The energy inputs of a healthy man have been measured. In hat position as the patient if

his energy inputs ere less than the main e)change"

A 3leep

B /est

C 7asy or'

D 0ervous e)ertion

ECalmness

116

Glutamate decarbo)ylation results in formation of inhibitory transmitter in C03. 0ame it:

A GABAB Glutathione

C(istamine

D 3erotonin

EAsparagine

117

In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amin is formed that has poerful vasodilatating

effect. 0ame it:

A (istamine

B 3erotonin

CDio)yphenylalanine

D 0oradrenalin

EDopamine

118


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119

After a sprint an untrained person develops muscle hypo)ia. This leads to the accumulation of

the folloing metabolite in muscles:

A actate

B Petone bodies

CAcetyl CoA

D Glucose %#phosphate

E-)aloacetate

120

+yocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose o)idation.

0ame one of them that turns directly into a lactate:

A &yruvate

B -)aloacetate

CGlycerophosphate

D Glucose %#phosphate

E *ructose %#phosphate

121

7motional stress causes activation of hormon#sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes.

hat secondary mediator ta'es part in this process"

A Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

B Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

CAdenosine monophosphate

D Diacylglycerol

E Ions of EW5

122

A patient has been diagnosed ith al'aptonuria. Choose an en!yme hose deficiency can be

the reason for this pathology:

A (omogentisic acid o)idase

B &henylalanine hydro)ylase

CGlutamate dehydrogenase

D &yruvate dehydrogenase

EDio)yphenylalanine decarbo)ylase

123

A patient diagnosed ith carcinoid of boels as admitted to the hospital. Analysis revealed

high production of serotonin. It is 'non that this substance is formed of tryptophane

aminooacid. hat biochemical mechanism underlies this process"

A Decarbo)ylation

B Desamination

C+icrosomal o)ydation

D Transamination

E *ormation of paired compounds

124

A genetics specialist analy!ed the genealogy of a family and found that both males and

females may have the illness, not across all the generations, and that healthy parents may


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have ill children. hat is the type of illness inheritance"

AAutosomal recessive

BAutosomal dominant

C ;#lin'ed dominant

D ;#lin'ed recessive

E V#lin'ed

125

Analysis of amniotic fluid that as obtained as a result of amniocentesis 1puncture of

amniotic sac2 revealed cells the nuclei of hich contain se) chromatin 1Barr>s body2. hat can

it be evidence of"

A Development of female fetus

B Development of male fetus

CGenetic disorders of fetus development

D Trisomy

E &olyploidy

126

Hitamin B$ deficiency results in disturbance of o)idative decarbo)ylation of

N#'etoglutaric acid. This ill disturb synthesis of the folloing coen!yme:

A Thiamine pyrophosphate

B 0icotinamide adenine dinucleotide 10AD2

C *lavine adenine dinucleotide 1*AD2

D ipoic acid

ECoen!yme A

127

A child>s blood presents high content of galactose, glucose concentration is lo. There are

such presentations as cataract, mental deficiency, adipose degeneration of liver. hat

disease is it"

A Galactosemia

B Diabetes mellitus

C actosemia

D 3teroid diabetes

E *ructosemia

128

According to clinical indications a patient as administered pyrido)al phosphate. hat

processes is this medication intended to correct"

A Transamination and decarbo)ylation of aminoacids

B -)idative decarbo)ylation of 'etonic acids

CDesamination of purine nucleotide

D 3ynthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases

E &rotein synthesis

129

A =8 y.o. oman suffers from Cushing>s syndrome # steroid diabetes. Biochemical

e)amination revealed: hyperglycemia, hypochloremia. hich of the under#mentioned

processes is the first to be activated"

A Gluconeogenesis


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B Glycogenolysis

CGlucose reabsorption

D Glucose transport to the cell

EGlycolysis

130

Autopsy of a =%#year#old man revealed multiple bron#and#green layers and hemmorhages

on the mucous membrane of rectum and sigmoid colonR slime and some blood in colonlumenR histologically # fibrinous colitis. In course of bacteriological analysis of colon contents

3.3onne ere found. hat is the most probable diagnosis"

A Dysentery

B Cholera

C 3almonellosis

D Versiniosis

ECrohn>s disease

131

A patient had been ill ith bronchial asthma for many years and died from asthmatic fit.

(istologic lung e)amination revealed: lumen of bronchioles and small bronches contain a lot

of mucus ith some eosinophils, there is sclerosis of alveolar septums, dilatation of alveole

lumen. hat mechanism of development of hypersensibility reaction too' place"

A /eagin reaction

B Cytoto)ic reaction

C Immunocomple) reaction

D Cytolysis determined by lymphocytes

EGranulomatosis

132

Desulfiram is idely used in medical practice to prevent alcocholism. It inhibits aldehyde

dehydrogenase. Increased level of hat metabolite causes aversion to alcochol"

AAcetaldehyde

B 7thanol

C+alonyl aldehyde

D &ropionic aldehyde

E+ethanol

133

A $#year#old child ith symptoms of muscle involvement as admitted to the hospital.

7)amination revealed carnitine deficiency in his muscles. hat process disturbance is the

biochemical basis of this pathology"

A Transporting of fatty acids to mitochodrions

B /egulation of Ca5level in mitochondrions

C 3ubstrate phosphorylation

D actic acid utili!ation

EActin and myosin synthesis

134

The patient ith complaints of permanent thirst applied to the doctor. (yperglycemia, polyuria

and increased concentration of $?#'etosteroids in the urine ere revealed. hat disease is

the most li'ely"


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A 3teroid diabetes

B Insulin#dependent diabetes mellitus

C+y)oedema

D Type I glycogenosis

EAddison>s disease

135

Inde) of p( of the blood changed and became ?,9 in the patient ith diabetus mellitus.Detecting of the components of hat buffer system is used hile diagnosing disorder of the

acid#base euilibrium"

A Bicarbonate

B &hosphate

C(emoglobin

D -)yhemoglobin

E &rotein

136

As a result of posttranslative modifications some proteins ta'ing part in blood coagulation,

particularly prothrombin, become capable of calcium binding. The folloing vitamin ta'es part

in this process:

A P

B C

CA

D B$

E B5

137

-bLective e)amination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big s'ull, highly developed frontal

region of face, short e)tremities. hat constitutional type is it characteristic for"

A /espiratory

B +uscular

CDigestive

D Cerebral

E+i)ed

138

A 9#year#old patient died during intractable attac' of bronchial asthma. (istologice)amination revealed mucus accumulation in bronchial lumen, a lot of fat cells 1labrocytes2 in

the all of bronches, many of them are in the state of degranulation, there are also a lot of

eosinophils. hat pathogenesis of bronchial changes is it"

AAtopy

B Cytoto)ic, cytolytic action of antibodies

C Immunocomple) mechanism

D Cellular cytolysis

EGranulomatosis

139

Diabetes mellitus causes 'etosis as a result of activated o)idation of fatty acids. hat

disorders of acid#base euilibrium may be caused by e)cessive accumulation of 'etone

bodies in blood"


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A +etabolic acidosis

B +etabolic alcalosis

CAny changes oun>t happen

D /espiratory acidosis

E/espiratory alcalosis

140

A oman ith 1I2 bllod group has born a child ith AB blood group. This oman>s husbandhas A blood group. hat genetic interaction e)plains this phenomenon"

A /ecessive epistasis

B Codominance

C &olymery

D Incomplete dominance

EComplementation

141

Depressions and emotional insanities result from the deficit of noradrenalin, serotonin and

other biogenic amines in the brain. Their concentration in the synapses can be increased by

means of the antidepressants that inhibit the folloing en!yme:

A +onoamine o)idase

B Diamine o)idase

C #amino#acid o)idase

D D#amino#acid o)idase

E &henylalanine#=#monoo)ygenase

142

A 9 year old child ith symptoms of stomatitis, gingivitis and dermatitis of open s'in areasas delivered to a hospital. 7)amination revealed inherited disturbance of neutral amino acid

transporting in the boels. These symptoms ere caused by the deficiency of the folloing

vitamin:

A 0iacin

B &antothenic acid

C Hitamin A

D Cobalamin

E Biotin

143

During hypersensitivity test a patient got subcutaneous inLection of an antigen hich caused

reddening of s'in, edema, pain as a result of histamine action. This biogenic amine is

generated as a result of transformation of the folloing histidine amino acid:

A Decarbo)ylation

B +ethylation

C &hosphorylation

D Isomeri!ation

EDeamini!ation

144

A patient ith suspected diagnosis Qprogressing muscular dystrophyQ got his urine tested.

hat compound ill confirm this diagnosis if found in urine"

A Preatine


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B Collagen

C &orphyrin

D +yoglobin

ECalmodulin

145

A patient complained about di!!iness, memory impairment, periodical convulsions. It as

revealed that these changes ere caused by a product of decarbo)ylation of glutamic acid.0ame this product:

A GABA

B &yrido)al phosphate

C TD&

D AT&

E T(*A

146

A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. (e as recommended to ta'e a

preparation that contains carnitine. hat process is activated the most by this compound"

A *atty acids transporting

BAmino acids transporting

CCalcium ions transporting

D Glucose transporting

E Hitamin P transporting

147

A doctor e)amined a child and revealed symptoms of rachitis. Development of this desease

as caused by deficiency of the folloing compound:A $,58 XYZ[#dichydro)ycholecalciferol

B Biotin

C Tocopherol

D 0aphtauinone

E/etinol

148

aboratory e)amination of a child revealed increased concentration of leucine, valine,

isoleucine and their 'etoderivatives in blood and urine.


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D D-&A

EDopamine

150

It as found out that some compounds, for instance fungi to)ins and some antibiotics can

inhibit activity of /0A#polymerase. hat process ill be disturbed in a cell in case of

inhibition of this en!yme"

A TranscriptionB &rocessing

C/eplication

D Translation

E/eparation

151

hen blood circulation in the damaged tissue is restored, then lactate accumulation comes

to a stop and glucose consumption decelerates. These metabolic changes are caused by

activation of the folloing process:

AAerobic glycolysis

BAnaerobic glycolysis

C ipolysis

D Gluconeogenesis

EGlycogen biosynthesis

152

During starvation muscle proteins brea' up into free amino acids. These compounds ill be

the most probably involved into the folloing process:

A Gluconeogenesis in liverB Gluconeogenesis in muscles

C 3ynthesis of higher fatty acids

D Glycogenolysis

EDecarbo)ylation

153

3urgical removal of a part of stomach resulted in disturbed absorption of vitamin B\$5], it

is e)creted ith feces. The patient as diagnosed ith anemia. hat factor is necessary for

absorption of this vitamin"

A Gastromucoprotein

B Gastrin

C(ydrochloric acid

D &epsin

E *olic acid

154

A neborn develops dyspepsia after the mil' feeding. hen the mil' is substituted by the

glucose solution the dyspepsia symptoms disappear. The neborn has the subnormal

activity of the folloing en!yme:A actase

B Invertase

C+altase

D Amylase


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E Isomaltase

155

&atients ho suffer from severe diabetes and don>t receive insulin have metabolic acidosis.

This is caused by increased concentration of the folloing metabolites:

A Petone bodies

B *atty acids

Cs syndromeC Turner>s syndrome

D 0iemann#&ic' disease

E+acArdle disease

158

In clinical practice tuberculosis is treated ith i!onia!id preparation # that is an antivitamin

able to penetrate into the tuberculosis bacillus. Tuberculostatic effect is induced by the

interference ith replication processes and o)idation#reduction reactions due to the buildup

of pseudo#coen!yme:

A 0AD

B *AD

C *+0

D TD&

ECo^

159

A neborn child as found to have reduced intensity of suc'ing, freuent vomiting, hypotonia.


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ECori cycle

160

A male patient has been diagnosed ith acute radiation disease. aboratory e)amination

revealed a considerable reduction of platelet serotonin level. The li'ely cause of platelet

serotonin reduction is the disturbed metabolism of the folloing substance:

A 8#o)ytryptofane

B TyrosineC(istidine

D &henylalanine

E 3erine

161

Dietary inta'e of a 9 year old nursing oman contains $ mg of calcium, $9 mg of

phosphorus and 5 mg of iron per day. It is necessary to change content of these mineral

substances in the folloing ay:

A To increase phosphorus content

B To increase calcium content

C To reduce fluorine content

D To increase iron content

E To reduce iron content

162

Cardinal symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal lesion along

ith development of urolithiasis. hat substance ma'es up the basis of these calculi in this

disease"

A Calcium phosphateB


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165

A =U#year#old driver complains about unbearable constricting pain behind the breastbone

irradiating to the nec'. The pain arose 5 hours ago. -bLectively: the patientMs condition is

grave, he is pale, heart tones are decreased. aboratory studies revealed high activity of

creatine 'inase and D($. hat disease are these symptoms typical for"

AAcute myocardial infarction

BAcute pancreatitisC 3tenocardia

D Cholelithiasis

EDiabetes mellitus

166

&lasmic factors of blood coagulation are e)posed to post#translational modification ith the

participation of vitamin P. It is necessary as a cofactor in the en!yme system of

#carbo)ylation of protein factors of blood coagulation due to the increased affinity of

their molecules ith calcium ions. hat amino acid is carbo)ylated in these proteins"

A Glutamic

B Haline

C 3erine

D &henylalanine

EArginine

167

&harmacological effects of antidepressants are connected ith inhibition of an en!yme

cataly!ing biogenic amines noradrenaline and serotonine in the mitochondrions of cerebral

neurons. hat en!yme participates in this process"A +onoamine o)idase

B Transaminase

CDecarbo)ylase

D &eptidase

E yase

168

An oncological patient as prescribed methotre)ate. ith the lapse of time target cells of the

tumour lost susceptibility to this drug. There is change of gene e)pression of the foloing

en!yme:

A Dehydrofolate reductase

B Thiaminase

CDeaminase

D *olate o)idase

E *olate decarbo)ylase

biochemistry.rtf

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