1

Biodiesel Competence and Development Review:

Tanzanian Perspective

Michael MartinLinköping University

Environmental Technology and Management

2

KaribuKaribuVälkommen

Welcome

3

Overview for the Session

13:30-14:00 Part I: My Research Project

14:00-14:45 Part II: Presentations» Ageratec AB in Africa now and planned

15:30-16:30 Part III: Focus Group Interview/Discussion

16:30-17:00 Part IV: Conclusions and Possible Partnerships

4

Thank You for Attending

5

Part I

My Research

6

Biodiesel for Tanzania:Research Project

Michael Martin

Linköping University

Environmental Technology and Management

7

Partners/Sponsors

Biodiesel Machine and Technology Producer/Supplier

Nutek- Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth

Linköping University- Division of Environmental Management and Technology

8

Linköping University, Sweden

IEI-Department of Management and Engineering– Division Environmental Technology and Management

Research Areas– Biofuels

• Synergies and Symbiosis Options• Large vs. Small Scale• Biogas Innovations and Development, Östergötland

– Sustainable Energy – Eco-Design/Product Development– Life Cycle Analysis and EIA– Sustainable Cities and Communities

9

Research Project Production

• Ageratec AB, Norrköping– Possible Customers– Guide for Conducting Business in Dev. Countries– Tanzanian Perspective on Biodiesel

• Linköping University– Theoretical Research

• Barriers/Incentives for Implementation• Colonialism in Africa?• Is Jatropha the answer?• Initiatives Needed, Review of Biofuels Task Force• Export vs. Local Use• HYBRID SYSTEMS

10

Purpose of ‘exploratory’ research

• PhD Research– Focus on Developing Countries– Hybrid Systems– Large vs. Small Scale Production

• Masters Projects at Department• Course in Biofuels• Commence Collaboration with UDSM, Kakute,

Engineers w/o Borders, Linköping Univ.

11

““You can’t solve the You can’t solve the problems with the same problems with the same

kind of thinking that kind of thinking that created the problems”created the problems”

-Albert Einstein--Albert Einstein-

Relevant Option at Present:Alleviation from Biofuels…

12

Research Overview• Actors Search

• Dependent Actors (Need Biodiesel, Can use Biodiesel)– Transport Sector– Mining

• Independent Actors (Can Produce Biodiesel, Use Biodiesel)– Agricultural Actors– Farm Co-ops– Villages

• Biofuels Actors (Developing Biodiesel and Research)– Development Cooperation Actors– Government Sponsored Agricultural Programs– Research Institutes

• Infrastructure Overview• Case Study• Synergies, Possibilities• Suggestions, Actors, Purchasers

13

Actors Search

• Generate Interest in Biodiesel use and production

• Study and Assesment– Conditions and Obstacles– Attitudes and Risks– Economic Incentives– Local vs. Export– Organization– Core Business Concerns– Other Experiences

• Produce Possible Purchasers

14

Infrastructure Overview

• Past Experiences Implementing Biodiesel– Other Developing Countries– Experiences in Africa

• Raw Materials Flow– Which Raw Materials?

• Jatropha, Cotton, Cashew, Peanut, etc.

– Problems with raw materials?– Incur much time? (Case of Jatropha)– Where to get the raw materials?

• Case Study– Most relevant options (Safari, Mining, Restaurants,

Fisheries)• Safari Co-op for biodiesel production/use• Mining Sector purchase and use

15

Conducting the Research

• Contact through Emails and Phone Interviews• Questionnaire for Actors• Study Visits – Tanzania Visit

– Jatropha Actors – University Researchers– Biofuels Actors

• Seminar• Matrix- Overview Attitudes, Drivers and Barriers

for Biodiesel

16

Research So Far…

• Matrix of Actors– General Involvement– Opinions– Intentions

• Fuel Consumption Patterns– Safari Vehicles– Restaurants

• Hybrid System Reviews– Church Organization

• Assessment of Jatropha Plantations– Diligent Tanzania– Kakute– D1– Sun Biofuels

17

The Answer = Jatropha?

• Not much research on JATROPHA• Insect resistant?

• No nutrients = No Fruit = No Oil• Economical? Who will pick jatropha?

18

Small vs. Large Scale

Large Scale• SEKAB, Sweden• Jatropha Crops for Export

– Trust of Farmers

– Who will pick

– Value Chains…

Small Scale• Hybrid Systems• Islands (i.e Zanzibar)• Villages

19

Why Focus Group?

• Limited time while in Dar es Salaam• Great overview from many actors• Means to identify problems, constraints, costs

and benefits and to stimulate creative thinking for potential solutions and cooperation

• Involve new audiences and unite people• Quick feedback• Find a general view of biodiesel production

20

Continued work with Tanzania

• Come back for follow ups• Developing Countries KEY• Hybrid Systems for Villages• Collaboration with UDSM and KAKUTE

21

Questions or comments?

22

23

Part II

Business Presentations

24

Ageratec AB – Biodiesel Solutionswww.ageratec.com

Michael Martin

Linköping University

Environmental Technology and Management

25

Overview

• Ageratec Company and Machines– Brief History– Process Machines

• How it works

• Processor Selection Overview

– Raw Materials

• Current Production/Machines in Africa• Benefits/Drawbacks

26

Ageratec History

• Family business in Norrköping, Sweden• Started development in 1996• First processor in 1998• First delivery in 2003• Resellers in 17 countries• 50 employees

27

Inputs and ProductsExample Transesterification, oils with 1% FFA

Inputs: • Raw material• Methanol/Ethanol• Catalyst, 1%• Refining agent, 0,3%• Energy 60 W/liter

Products:• Biodiesel, 97-99%• Glycerol, 16-18%• No process water

Crude Palm Oil Biodiesel

28

Raw Materials

• Canola Oil• Used Cooking Oil• Fish Oil• Sunflower Oil• Soy Oil• Coconut Oil• Jatropha Oil• Animal Fats• Palm Oil• Algae Oil

29

Ageratec Biodiesel System

30

Process Benefits

• Batch or Semi-Continuous Production• 1 Step Esterification + 1 Step Trans-

Esterification• Flexible Rawmaterials• Water free technology• Low investment cost in capital and infrastructure• Machines are built to grow and can be linked

31

Installation and Requirements

• Installed on site by an Ageratec engineer

• Recipes for most types of raw materials are available

• All process equipment installed on skid

• Minimal requirements: concrete floor, tanks and weather protection

Touch screen operation

32

Ageratec turn key solutionsFrom seed oil to biodiesel including:

• Presses• Oil cleaning• Tank control• Fully automated• Laboratory• Full traceability• Online support

33

Where in Africa

• Ivory Coast• Zambia• Malawi• Cameroon• Mali• MozambiqueMozambique• RwandaRwanda• Tanzania?Tanzania?

34

Zambian Example

• Produce Biodiesel for Zambian Market• Increase local employment• Outgrower Schemes• Own Plantations

www.ovalbiofuels.com

35

Other African Countries

Ivory Coast – Palm OilCameroon – Coconut OilMali – Palm & Cotton OilMalawi – Cotton & JatrophaMozambique – JatrophaRwanda - ??Tanzania - ??

36

The Process Machines

Range in Output

From 1000 Litres to >36,000 Litres

37

P1000-2000

• Capacity 2000 liters/24h • Can be containerized• Need 17kW of electrical

power• Energy consumption

65W/litre• Ready to produce upon

arrival• Fits into one 20 foot

container

Containerized P2000 portable production.

38

P3000

• Batch size of 2500 litres• 1 operator/8hours• Need 17kW of

maximum power• Energy consumption

65W/litre• Needs 8 hour of

installation and commissioning

• Fit into one 40 feet container Mr Wahl, Canola oil, Germany

Also, P5000 & P8000

39

P16000

• Batch size of 8000 liters 2 batches/day

• 1 operator/ shift• Need 55kW

maximum electrical power

• Energy consumption 59Wh/litre

• Needs 14 days for erection and commissioning

• Needs three 40 foot containers for transport P16000 Transport Y Martinez, Spain

40

P24000

• Batch size of 12000 liters, 2 batches/day

• 1 operator/ shifts• Need 85kW maximum

electrical power• Energy consumption 59Wh/l• Needs 14 days of installation

and commissioning on site• Needs four 40 foot containers

for transport

P24000 SV Obeli Lithuania

41

Multi-link system

• 1-2 operators/shift up to 6 processors

• Possibility to process different raw materials simultaneously

• Grow capacity with business

2 * 16000 liters/24h Arvi Sucrus, Lithuania

42

Conclusions

• Flexible System• Mininmal Energy Input• Can be tailored to specified needs and inputs• Delivered and installed• Aim to work with Tanzania!

43

Thank YouFor More information contact:

Kajsa FunkessonQuality Manager

Ageratec ABKajsa.funkesson@ageratec.com

www.ageratec.com

44

45

Part III

Focus Group Interview and Discussion

46

Focus Group Interview Focus Group Interview SessionSession

Michael Martin

Linköping University

Environmental Technology and Management

47

Question/Discussion 1:

In what stage do you currently see Tanzania’s biofuel market?

48

Question/Discussion 2:

What do you see as the barriers toward biodiesel (biofuel) implementation in

Tanzania?

49

Question/Discussion 3:

What incentives and legislation need to be in place to allow Tanzania to come into

biofuels development?

50

Question/Discussion 4:

Which raw materials offer the most promise?

51

Question/Discussion 5:

What are the areas of research into biofuels at University of Dar es Salaam?

52

Question/Discussion 6:

What do you believe foreign investors can expect and do to successfully operate in

Tanzania?

53

Question/Discussion 7:

What are your opinions on foreign investment in biofuels in Tanzania?

54

55

Part IV

Conclusions

56

How can we collaborate to solve the problems of biofuels

implementation?

57

Where do we go from here?