biodiversity conservaon...cap/ve breeding of 13 individuals in zoos allowed the populaon to rebound...
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This work is supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) collaboration between the Directorates for Education and Human Resources (EHR) and Geociences (GEO) under grant DUE - 1125331
BiodiversityConserva/on
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Inthisac/vity,youwillexplorethecurrent“SixthEx/nc/on”andbiodiversityconserva/on.Bytheend,youshouldbeableto:1. Explaintheimpactsofhumansonbiologicaldiversity.2. Compareandcontrastthecausesandratesofthesixth
ex/nc/onwithpreviousmassex/nc/onsfromthefossilrecord.
3. EvaluatecriteriaforseFngspeciesconserva/onpriori/es.
4. Dis/nguishbetweenexsituandinsituconserva/onapproaches.
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WhatisBiodiversityConserva/on?
Maintainingthediversityofspecies,habitats,andtheinterrela/onshipsbetweenorganismsandtheenvironmenttokeepecosystemshealthyandfunc/oning.
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WhyShouldWeConserveBiodiversity?
• BiologicalResources– Food,fibers,medicine,woodproducts,etc.
• EcosystemServices– Decomposi/onofwaste,pollina/on,waterpurifica/on,floodcontrol,increasedsoilfer/lity,etc.
• Social&SpiritualBenefits– Culturalandaesthe/cvalue,recrea/on&tourism,etc.
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How:ExSituorInSituConserva/on?
Exsitu:Conserva/onofthecomponentsofbiologicaldiversity“off-site,”oroutsidetheirnaturalsurroundings.Insitu:Conserva/onofspecies,habitats,orecosystems“on-site,”orintheirnaturalsurroundings
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Exsituconserva/on• Zoos,botanicalgardens,aquaria• Storageof/ssues,seeds,pollen,semen,ovules,embryos,microbialcultures,DNA
• Fieldgenebanksorlivestockparks,ifmaterialscannotbedriedorfrozen
BeansattheCIATgenebankinColombia.PhotobyNeilPalmer(CIAT)
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Exsituconserva/onProvides“insurancepolicy”andcanplayimportantroleinrecoveryprograms.
Example:Przewalski’shorse,na/vetothesteppesofAsia,wentex/nctinthewild~1966.Cap/vebreedingof13individualsinzoosallowedthepopula/ontoreboundto>1,500individualsandsuccessfulreintroduc/oninMongolia. PhotoofPrzewalski’shorseatHustaiNa/onalPark,MongoliabyChinneeb.
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Insituconserva/on• Naturereserves• Na/onalparks• Wildliferefuges• Habitatmanagement• Habitatrestora/on
BisonatFortNiobraraNa/onalWildlifeRefuge,Nebraska,USA.PhotobyBenEdwards,U.S.FishandWildlifeServiceHeadquarters
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SeFngPriori/esforBiodiversityConserva/on
Itisimpossibletoac/velyconserveallspeciesbecauseoflimited/meandmoney.
Asaresult,humansmustmakedecisionsabouthowtotargetconserva/oneffortssolimitedresourcescanhavethegreatestimpact.So,howdowedecide?
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SeFngPriori/es• Iconicorambassadorspecies(flagshipspecies)
– Examples:Giantpandas,/gers,whales
• Large,land-demandingspecies(umbrellaspecies)– Oienlargecarnivoresormigratoryspecies
• Ecologicallyimportantspecies(keystonespeciesandecosystemengineers)– Examples:Wolves,beavers,elephants
• Economicvalue/ecosystemgoodsorservices– Examples:honeybees,wetlandsthatfilterwater
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SeFngPriori/es• Biodiversity
– Howmanyspeciesareintheregion?
• Endemismordis/nc/veness– Arethererareorendemicspeciesinthearea?Isitauniquehabitat?Isitincountrywithfewotherreserves?
• Ex/nc/onrisk– Howthreatenedisthespeciesorhabitat?– (LeastConcern,NearThreatened,Vulnerable,Endangered,Cri/callyEndangered,Ex/nctinWild)
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SeFngPriori/es• Likelihoodinterven/onwillbesuccessful• Rela/vecostofconservingthepar/cularspeciesorhabitat
• Cultural/aesthe/c/recrea/onalvalue• Expectedfuturechangestothreats
– Willtheproposedareas/llsupportthespeciesofconcernifclimatechangesorhumanimpactsinsurroundingareasincrease?
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Evalua/ngCriteria
Thinkaboutthecriteriafor1-2minutes.Writedownthefivecriteriayouthinkaremostimportantfordecidingwhichspeciesorhabitatstoconserve.
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Evalua/ngCriteria
Formgroupsof3-4andshareideas.Asagroup,chooseyourtopthreepriori/esandwriteashortjus/fica/onforeach.Bepreparedtosharethesewiththeclassin~5minutes.
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ApplyingCriteriaYouaremembersofConserva/onWorld,alargeinterna/onalorganiza/onthatfundsconserva/onprojects.Yourtaskistoevaluatethepoten/alprojectsinyourpacket.Resourcesarelimited,soyoumustchooseonethatyouwillrecommendtotheboardofdirectorsforfunding.Youmustincludeajus/fica/onforyourrecommenda/on.Youwillmakeyourrecommenda/ontotheBoard(class)in15minutes.
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References• Maxted,N.2001.Exsitu,insituconserva/on.Encyclopediaof
Biodiversity,Volume2.hnps://enviro.doe.gov.my/lib/digital/1385455130-3-s2.0-B0122268652001152-main.pdf
• Slide4.Crea/veCommonsImagebyNeilPalmer(CIAT)(NP_Genebank2011_1)[CCBY-SA2.0(hnp://crea/vecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)],viaWikimediaCommons
• Slide5.Crea/veCommonsImagebyChinneeb(Ownwork)[CCBY-SA3.0(hnp://crea/vecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)orGFDL(hnp://www.gnu.org/copylei/fdl.html)],viaWikimediaCommons
• Slide6.Crea/veCommonsImagebyU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceHeadquarters[CCBY2.0(hnp://crea/vecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)],viaWikimediaCommons