Biofuels As Sources of Renewable Energy Instead of Fossil FuelsIqlima Ramiza Fauzi (4001413030)

AbstractThe need for energy continues to increase in line with economic growth raises the supply of energy resources are lacking, and a time will run out, because energy resources are used by human fossil-fuel resources that are not renewable. Started the energy crisis in 1970 that led to biofuels as renewable alternative energy solutions. alternative energy solutions. Brazil as a country pioneers is now 40% of vehicles are already using biofuels and also parse the effects of global warming. Indonesia began to follow the success of Brazil to start a national energy policy. National energy policy also includes efforts to diversify energy utilization. Indonesia launches biofuel production in Indonesia in 2025 could reach 15.9 billion liters and 16.5 million liters per year of ethanol and biodiesel, respectively. And it can save oil resources.Key words: Biofuels, renewable resources, national energy

IntroductionEnergy resources are natural wealth as mandated in Article 33 of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 controlled by the state and used for the prosperity of the people. The role of energy is very important for the improvement of the economic and national-security activities, thus covering the provision of energy management, utilization and enterprise must be conducted in a fair, sustainable, rational, optimal, and integrated. It is common knowledge that fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources. Formation process requires a very long time. If the energy source is used continuously, there will be a scarcity, which in turn led to the energy crisis. Therefore, the use of energy from fossil fuels must be offset by renewable-energy sources in order ensuring the availability of energy. Utilization of the plant as a source of energy called biofuels. (ESDMMAG,2012)

DiscussionA. Biofuels in Indonesia Indonesia has one of the richest sources of biodiversity and is supported with an excellent climate where they grow many variety of plants, including plants that can produce alternative energy. The plants are well known such as palm, coconut, castor, cassava, sugar cane and others. Energy Issues in Indonesia Energy issues in Indonesia same as that faced by the world. If there is no oil field discovery and exploration of new oil reserves in Indonesia is estimated at just enough to meet the needs for the next 18 years. Meanwhile, sufficient gas reserves for 60 years and coal about 150 years. Indonesia's oil production capacity has decreased when compared with the 1970s are still around 1.3 million barrels per day. Today, Indonesia's oil production capacity is only 1.070 million barrels per day.Besides, since the field is old, the decline of Indonesian crude oil production capacity as well as the discovery of new oil reserves continues to decline. It also led to Indonesia became a net oil importer until now. At least, there are three ways out of this. First, search for new oil fields; second, to use energy efficiently; and third, to develop renewable-energy sources, such as sunlight, geothermal, water, wind, and biofuels. The most likely thing to do now is to develop renewable-energy sources. In line with these problems , the government through Presidential Regulation No.5 of 2006 has been issued a national energy policy. This policy aims to realize the security of energy supply in the country . The main policies include providing optimal energy , efficient energy utilization, energy pricing and the economic price towards environmental conservation. The national energy policy also includes efforts to diversify the energy utilization. This diversification followed by the issuance of Presidential Instruction 1 of 2006 on the supply and use of biofuels as other fuels.PotentialBiofuels are derived from biomass is a material with the potential to produce a variety of beneficial products through a conversion process of physical, chemical, biological, or enzymatically. Moreover, biofuels can be used as the power plant. One example of the use biofuels as the power plant is the palm oil processing plant into Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The processing of palm fruit bunches (TBS) into crude palm oil requires water vapor and electricity to drive the engine. Electricity is obtained from steam power plants. Obtained from water vapor by heating stoves burning husk and palm kernel shell. Sugar cane mill can also use biofuels for energy sources. Bagasses taken the form of rods that water is not only used for fuel for boiling sugar, but also for power generation in order to grind the cane.Minister Jero Wacik encouraged businesses to be able to build a biofuel plant as much as possible. Therefore, in addition to environmentally friendly biofuels can also replace fuel power stations with fuel costly. "We would encourage all oil palm plantations to generate own electricity so it is more efficient and does not depend PLN," said Wacik.Wacik said, 70 percent of the biofuel feedstock are palm shells. According to him, when all the estate does not export oil palm shell but to use it for power generation biofuels, electricity shortage can be resolved. Utilization of biofuels from waste also can solve the problems that occur at this time. During this time, we assume the garbage is something that is not useful and often burned in vain or not utilized at all. In fact, if the garbage is mixed with biofuels technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification and carbonization, the useless junk that could be something useful, ie briquettes. The briquettes can be used as fuel stove. Alternatively, this waste can be used as bio-oil drive the motor as gasoline.In addition, the utilization waste as the biofuels can be used as the power plant. Organic waste such as palm bunches by using pyrolysis if utilized, will get methane gas. This gas can be used to drive the turbines. The advantages of the use of biofuels will be achieved if biofuels utilized. Utilization of biofuels does not have to turn off the use of fossil energy, but as a counterweight to the use of fossil energy available today. Scarcity of fossil energy can be slowed. And, the more choice of energy sources used, are expected to grow more and make life better. Some experts argue, the use of biofuels as the renewable-energy source is a way out of the human dependence on fossil fuels. Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Indonesia's natural-gas reserves account for about three trillion cubic meters. This amount is expected to be discharged less than 50 years. Coal reserves of about four billion ton and is expected to be discharged less than 20 years. Even worse are Indonesia's oil reserves, which is about three billion barrels. This number is expected to run about 10 years. If biofuels are used by 20% or more of total energy sources, it can extend the availability of fossil-fuels. Biofuels can be effective energy reserves while they seek or explore locations of fossil fuels are still there. Biofuels can be used as a counterweight and minimize dependence on fossil fuels. Biofuels can be processed into biogas as a counterweight natural gas, bio-oil as a counterweight.B. Environmentally FriendlyBesides greatly benefit, biofuels are also environmentally friendly. Utilization of biofuels, for example, can reduce the effects of greenhouse gases. The use of biofuels will make the organic waste which can produce methane gas can be utilized. As a result, methane gas which causes the formation of greenhouse gases can be minimized. Coupled utilization of biofuels will reduce the use of fossil energy contributes the largest impact of greenhouse gases. Vacant land can be used to grow plants that can produce biodiesel such as Jatropha, palm oil and others. Biofuels can also protect the cleanliness of the water and soil. Trash will release the liquid accumulated harmful and absorbed by the soil and contaminate groundwater. In fact, some people still use the ground water for consumption and other needs. If used as biofuels, garbage can directly be used as fuel. Piled waste volume will be reduced. Water and soil will be protected cleanliness. Besides the trash, the utilization of biofuels can reduce the volume of organic waste. Because the processed trash can be utilized for biogas plants. used for the primary purpose such as fiber, food, animal feed, vegetable oil, building materials and so on, also used as biofuels energy (fuel). Generally used for fuel are biofuels that low economic value or a primary product waste after it is taken. Utilization of biofuels will produce a wide range of fuels that can be used as a counterweight to the fossil energy, including briquettes, bio-oil and biogas. Trash can be utilized as biofuels. Waste that can be used as biofuels are the organic waste. For example, garbage or agricultural and forestry waste (corn stalks, rice husks, palm bunches, etc.), household waste (vegetables, fruits and others), office waste such as paper and more. Additionally, biofuels can also be produced from waste oil palm plantations, either solid or liquid waste. Not only that, air pollution can be reduced when using biofuels. Utilization of biofuels into biogas, biodiesel, or fuel briquettes are little produce harmful gases as air pollutants trigger.Conclusion There is a great opportunity to develop biofuels in Indonesia, so far great awareness must be taken into account. Biofuels can contribute to reducing greenhouse gases, improving local energy security and reduce poverty. Biofuels can be effective energy reserves while they seek or explore locations of fossil fuels are still there. Biofuels can be used as a counterweight and minimize dependence on fossil fuels. Biofuels can be processed into biogas as a counterweight natural gas, bio-oil as a counterweight.

ReferencesPratiwi, D.A et al.2012. Biology for SMA / MA Class XII. Jakarta: Erlangga

Kismurtono, Muhammad and Naiola, B Paul.2010.The Challenges of Biofuel Implementation in Indonesia: Environmental Prospect. International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS Vol:10 No:06 accessed on 15 Mei 2014

Sugiyono, Agus.2005.Pemanfaatan Biofuel Dalam Penyediaan Energi Nasional Jangka Panjang. PTPSE - BPPT SEMINAR TEKNOLOGI UNTUK NEGERI 2005 accessed on 15 Mei 2014

Gardner, Bruce and Tyner, Wallace.2007.Explorations in Biofuels Economics, Policy, and History: Introduction to the Special Issue. Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization Volume 5 accessed on 15 Mei 2014

Chindy R. S. Wahongan dan Pierre H. Gosal.2013. Aplikasi Bioetanol Sebagai Hasil Fermentasi Nira Aren Untuk Penerangan Rumah Tinggal Pedesaan Di Minahasa Tenggara. MEDIA MATRASAIN VOL 10 NO 3 November 2013 accessed on 15 Mei 2014

Indartono, Yuli.2005.Bioethanol, Alternatif Energi Terbarukan: Kajian Prestasi Mesin dan Implementasi di Lapangan. http://www.energi.lipi.go.id revisi terakhir : 15 July 2005 accessed on 16 Mei 2014

Tim Penyusun.2012.Biomassa Bahan Organik Sarat Kegunaan. ESDMMAG Edisi 3 Tahun 2012 accessed on 2 July 2014

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG PRODI PENDIDIKAN IPA