biohydrogen production from solid phase- microbial fuel...
TRANSCRIPT
Biohydrogen production from Solid Phase-Microbial Fuel Cell (SP-MFC) spent substrate: apreliminary study.
Dr.Rosa Anna NastroLaboratory for Energy and the EnvironmentDepartment of EngineeringUniversity “Parthenope” of Naples - Italy
Microbial catalysis: exoelectrogenic bacteria
AN INTRODUCTION TO BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS (BESs)
Mn(IV), Fe(III)
Nanowires
Shuttles
+
Biocatalysis
…
Bacteria exchange electrons with the anode in anoxic/anaerobiotic environment
Electrons are transferred from cathode to oxygen
Electrons flow through an external circuit
Protons pass through a cationic permeable membrane
Fuel: organic compounds
Fig.1: Model of a two-chamber MFC.
MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS (MFCs): PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS
Carbon neutral
No chemical catalysts
Bulk liquid model
Environmental temperature
Organic Solid Waste (OSW) : MFCs?
� Municipal wastewaters
� Industrial wastewaters
� Landfill leachate
� Urine
� Polluted soils
� Composite food waste
Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW)
n About 70% of Municipal Solid Waste
n High moisture content
n Bad smell
Anaerobic digestionEnergy input (T=35°C/55°C)
CH4 and CO2 production
Composting treatment
(aerobic metabolism)
Aeration (energy input)
Soil conditioner
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Can we combine electrogenesis with dark fermentation and anaerobic digestion of solid organic residues?
With what performance?
Anaerobic Digestion or Dark Fermentation ?
Solid phase Microbial Fuel Cells set-up (SMFCs)
SMFCn Single-chambern Air-cathoden Membranelessn Graphite-based electrodes
(AXF-5Q, POCO Graphite Inc., Texas, USA) 67cm2 surface area
OFMSW:§ 78% vegetables§ 13% fruits§ 5% bread§ 3% egg shells§ 1% other
Fuel composition: 28% waste, 72% saline solution (Phosphate Buffer Solution, KOH)
SMFC
Graphite plates
pH probe openingIncubation at 25±2°C for 4 weekspH=7,0±0.2
§ Open Circuit Voltage (mV)§ Power Density (mW/Kg)§ Current Density (mA/Kg)§ Coumbic Efficiency (CE)
METHODS: MFC CHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY
Ionic Cromatography
Standard Methods(2012)
Metabolites
Organic load removal(COD, TOC), N, P
Electroactivebiofilms
Specific PD:1.75 mWm-2Kg-1
Maximum CD: 16 mAm-2Kg-1
Columbic efficiency: 5%*
RESULTS: POWER OUPUTS
-0,05
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0 5 10 15 20
V
mA/m-2Kg
1st week
2nd week
3rd week
4th week
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
0 5 10 15 20
V
mA/m-2Kg
1st week
2nd week
3rd week
4th week
AD energy conversion efficiency accounts for about 15%. (Bogner et al., 2007)
OFMSW SMFC: CHEMISTRY Parameters Units Waste (W) Bioslurry(B) MFC3 Δ MFC3/B
pH 4.9 4.6 7.1 154%
CODsol g L-1 76.1 80.1 30.1 37%
BOD5 g L-1 7.3 8.3 4.4 53%
TOC g L-1 49.6 44.5 17.7 40%
NH4+ mg L-1 95 22 2.1 2%
NO2- mg L-1 5 6 4.3 72%
NO3- mg L-1 194 197 5< 0
Ptot mg L-1 111 76 45.2 41%
Acetate, lactate, formiate, ossalate, succinate present!!
pH= 7.0±0.4
CATHODE: Propionibacterium fraunreichii, Bavariicoccus sp.,Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Bacillus spp.
ANODE: Clostridium tyrobutiricum, Lactobacillusparacasei, Propionibacterium fraunreichii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
OFMSW SMFC: BIOFILMS
BIOGAS AND BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION
MFCSpent
substrate
ShreddingPresser
Inoculum
Water
ANAEROBIC DIGESTER (37 °C)Stirring: 150 rpm
Gas phaseanalysis
Liquid phaseanalysis
OFMSW
BIOGAS AND BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION
Ø Microbial biomass (OD600)Ø pHØChemical Oxygen Demand (COD)ØBiogas composition (GC-TCD detector)
Fig.2: Cumulative BioH2 production over time. OFMSW: solid residues from the OFMSW. MFC SS: MFCs Solid Substrate
MFC-SS: 14.13 ml/gOFMSW: 3.76 ml/g
BIOGAS AND BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION
BIOGAS AND BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION
Fig.3: Cumulative methane production over time. OFMSW: solid residues from the OFMSW. MFC SS: MFC-Solid Substrate.
OFMSW: 13.31 ml/g MFC-SS: 4.56 ml/g
BIOGAS AND BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION
Fig.5: Biomass concentration trend over time along with the AD experiment with MFC-SS and OFMSW solid residues.
Biomass yield was higher with OFMSW
pH MFC-SS= 7.15±0.22 pH OFMSW = 4.85±0.9
OFMSW MFCs: CONCLUSIONS
MFCs spent substrate revealed to be a better substrate for BioH2 production than the OFMSW, with a higher yield and an increasing production over time.
With further improvements, MFCs can open new possibilities in the energy recovery from organic waste
Our calculations report for the SOLE MFC, an energyproduction of 20% in comparison to the production and combustion of methane in engines. The calculations of MFC+DF and MFC+AD energy production are in progress.
This research has been funded by the ItalianGovernment, with the PON project “Fuel Cell Lab“Innovative systems and high efficient technologies forpolygeneration” PON03PE_00109_1/F12.”
Acknowledgments
PON PROJECT 2007-2013 TITLE III Industrial developement and experimental research project “SMART GENERATION –Systems and sustainable technologies for energy productionPON03PE_00157_1/F19 -CUP I62E14000010007”
Acknowledgments
Ciro Florio, Domenico Pirozzi,Angelo Ausiello, Giuseppe Toscano
Elio Jannelli, Stefano Dumontet, Vincenzo Pasquale, Mariagiovanna Minutillo, Fabio Flagiello,
Bio-Electrochemical Systems (BESs): a versatile technology
Fig.1: A high-level overview of the concepts associated with bioelectrochemicalsystems. (Rabaey K & Rozendal R.A., 2010)
Membrane
Catalysts
Materials
Configuration
Source of reducing power
...AND BACTERIA
Endogenous microflora Mesophilic psicotrophics acid forming bacteria
Acetoclastic methanogenesis
Electrogenesis?
Solubility of complex organics: fats, proteins and carbohydrates by hydrolysis
Acid forming bacteria in waste
Acid formation (oxidation) reaction
4C3H7O2NS + 8 H2O 4 CH3COOH + 4CO2 + 4NH3 + 4H2S + 8H+ + 8 e-