biological diversity and conservation

7/30/2019 Biological Diversity and Conservation

1/19

START

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

ANDCONSERVATION

Erlinda Septy 120210152068Hairlinda Arini A 120210152048Dian Eka B 120210152083

Miftahul Jannah 120210152065Khatriya T T 120210152057


2/19

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

HOME

EXIT

Do you know what is BIODIVERSITY?And what do you think about

CONSERVATION?

Lets learn about BIODIVERSITY andCOSERVATION together

Enjoy it!


3/19

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

HOME

EXIT

Biodiversity refers to the variety ofspecies in a specific area.

The simplest and most common measure

of biodiversity is the number of differentspecies that live in a certain area.

Biodiversity increases as you movetoward the equator. Tropical regions

contain two-thirds of all land species onEarth.

SUBS THEME OFBIODIVERSITY!


4/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXIT

Level of Biodiversity

Importance of Biodiversity

Loss of Biodiversity

SUBS THEME OFBIODIVERSITY!

Threats to Biodiversity

BIODIVERSITY


5/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXIT

Level of Biodiversity

1 The gene level of genetic variation within a species.

2The level of species diversity is found in organisms

which are not similar.

3The ecosystem level diversity that occurs due to

interaction with the environment.

BIODIVERSITY


6/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXIT

Importance of Biodiversity

Importance to nature

Biodiversity brings stability

Importance to people

BIODIVERSITY


7/19CONSERVATION

HOME

EXIT

Importance to nature

Living things are interdependent. Animals could not exist withoutgreen plants. Many flowering plants could not exist withoutanimals to pollinate them. Plants are dependent on decomposersthat break down dead or decaying material into nutrients they

can absorb. Thus, living things can be niches for other living things.

If the symbiotic relationships among organisms are broken due tothe loss of one species, then the remaining species will also be

affected.

BIODIVERSITY


8/19CONSERVATION

HOME

EXIT

Biodiversity brings stability

Biodiversity can bring stability to an ecosystem. A pest couldeasily destroy all the corn in a farmers field, but it would be farmore difficult for a single type of insect or disease to destroy allindividuals of a plant species in a rain forest. There, instead of

being clumped together, the plants exist scattered in many partsof the rain forest, making it more difficult for the disease organismto spread. In summary, ecosystems are stable if their biodiversity

is maintained. A change in species can destabilize them.

BIODIVERSITY


9/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXIT

Importance to people

A few species of plants and animals supply the major portion ofthe food eaten by the human population. Biodiversity could helpbreeders produce additional food crops.

People also rely on the living world for raw materials used inclothes, furniture, and buildings.

Another important reason for maintaining biodiversity is that itcan be used to improve peoples health. Living things supply the

world pharmacy.

BIODIVERSITY


10/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXITBIODIVERSITY

Loss of Biodiversity

Extinction is the disappearance of a species whenthe last of its members dies.

A species is considered to be an endangeredspecies when its numbers become so low that

extinction is possible. When the population of aspecies is likely to become endangered, it is said to

be a threatened species.


11/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXITBIODIVERSITY


1

Habitat loss

In the 1970s and 1980s, in the Amazonian rain forest, thousands ofhectares of land were cleared in an effort to create farmlandand to supply firewood. Much of this land lost its usefulness foragriculture after only a few years because rain forest soil by

itself has little or no useful nutrient supply. Clearing the landerased habitats that will not be reestablished easily. Withoutthese habitats, certain plants and animals become vulnerable toextinction.


12/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXITBIODIVERSITY


2

Habitat fragmentation is the separation of wilderness areasfrom other wilderness areas.

Fragmented areas are similar to islands. The smaller thefragment, the less biodiversity the area can support. This isbecause, as species migrate from an area that has become

unsuitable for some reason, other species that depend on themigrating individuals lose their life support. As a result, overallspecies diversity declines.

Habitat fragmentation presents problems for organisms thatneed large areas to gather food or find mates. Habitat

fragmentation also makes it difficult for species to reestablishthemselves in an area.


13/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXITBIODIVERSITY


3

Edge Effect

The edge of a habitat or ecosystem is where one habitat or ecosystem

meets another. This can be where a forest meets a field, where water

meets land, or where a road cuts through a field or wooded area. The

different conditions along the boundaries of an ecosystem are called edge

effects.


14/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXITBIODIVERSITY


4

Habitat degradation

Another threat to biodiversity is habitat degradation, the damage to a

habitat by pollution. Three types of pollution are air, water, and land

pollution.

Air pollution : volcanic eruptions and forest fires, burning fossil fuels.

Water pollution : algae blooms, detergents, heavy metals, and industrial

chemicals.

Land pollution : Trash or solid waste, pesticides and other chemicals


15/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXITBIODIVERSITY


5

Exotic species

People sometimes introduce a new species into an ecosystem,either intentionally or unintentionally. These species can causeproblems for the native species.

Whenexotic species are introduced, these species can grow atan exponential rate due to the fact that they are notimmediately as vulnerable to local competitors or predators asare the established native species.


16/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXIT

Conservation biology is the study andimplementation of methods to protect

biodiversity.Natural resources are those parts of theenvironment that are useful or necessaryfor living organisms. Natural resourcesinclude sunlight, water, air, and plant

and animal resources.

SUBS THEME OFCONSERVATION!

BIODIVERSITY


17/19

CONSERVATION

HOME

EXITBIODIVERSITY

Legal protections of species

Worldwide, the Convention onInternational Trade in Endangered Species(CITES) has established lists of species forwhich international trade is prohibited or

controlled.

Preserving habitats

One way that habitats have beenprotected is through the creation of naturalpreserves and parks. Example

Yellowstone National Park.

Habitat corridors

Habitat corridors are protected strips ofland that allow the migration of organismsfrom one wilderness area to another.

Working with people

sustainable use strives to enable people touse natural resources in ways that willbenefit them and maintain the ecosystem.

Reintroduction and species preservationprograms

Reintroduction programs, releaseorganisms into an area where the species

once lived.

Captivity

Some species no longer exist in the wild,but a small number of individualorganisms is maintained by humans. Anorganism that is held by people is said to

be in captivity.

Protecting plant species

The ideal way to protect a plant species isto allow it to exist in a natural ecosystem.But seeds can be cooled and stored forlong periods of time. By establishing seedbanks for threatened and endangered

plants, the species can be reintroduced ifthey become extinct.


18/19


19/19QUESTIONS

1. Group 1We know that biodiversity is so benefit for us but in other side theydecrease the plant organisms so, what can we do to conserve thevariety of plant organisms but we can also take the benefit of

biodiversity?1. Group 22. Group 3

What is difference of kind the conservation?1. Group 42. Group 5

biological diversity and conservation

Documents