Biology 08/20/12

Intro to Ecology&

Science Skills

Review

• Describe 5 characteristics of living things.

• What is the definition of a cell?

• What happens to an organism if its homeostasis is disrupted and not restored?

Some Vocabulary

• Ecology is the study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment

• Abiotic factors are nonliving parts of an organism’s environment

• Biotic factors are living organisms that inhabit an environment

• A Habitat is a place where an organism lives out its life.

• A Niche is all strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment—how it meets specific needs for food and shelter, how and where it survives, and where it reproduces

Levels of Organization

Biosphere

Ecosystem

Community

Population

The part of Earththat contains allecosystems

Community and its nonliving surroundings

Populations thatlive together in a defined area

Group of organisms of onetype that live in the same area

Biosphere

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass

Bison herd

Levels of Organization

Organism

Groups ofCells

Cells

Molecules

Individual livingthing

Tissues, organs,and organ systems

Smallest functionalunit of life

Groups of atoms;smallest unit of most chemicalcompounds

Bison

Nervous tissue Nervous systemBrain

Nerve cell

Water DNA

Comprehension Check

• Give two examples of abiotic factors.

• Give two examples of biotic factors.

• What is the difference between an ecosystem and a community?

• Give an example organism and describe it’s habitat.

Types of biotic relationships 1. Feeding - one organism eats another a. predator - organism that hunts another organism

b. prey - organism that is hunted

c. ex: lions feeding on a water buffalo

2. Symbiosis - close relationship between two or more organisms; at least one organism benefits:

The sacoglossan (Solar Powered Sea Slug)showing the green network of ducts which contain the green chloroplasts from its algal food.

Two quite different groups of sea slugs have evolved ways of using the ability of plants to convert the sun's energy into sugars and other nutrients. In simple termsthey have become "solar powered".

The aeolid nudibranch Pteraeolidia ianthina which "farms" colonies of brown single-celled algae (zooxanthellae) in its body.

a. Commensalism- one organism benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed

b. Mutualism- both organisms benefit from living together.

The commensal shrimp Periclimenes imperator

Lichen is any group of composite organisms made up of a fungus and an alga living in a symbiotic association. Fungus provides a structure that protect the alga from drying out and from harsh conditions. Alga synthesizes and excretes a specific carbohydrate that is taken up and utilized as food by the fungus.

c. Parasitism - one organism depends/ lives in or on another organism, the other organism is harmed. Ex: lamprey and vampire bat

Sea lamprey attached totrout.

Sucker like mouth of lamprey

Vampire bat which feedson the blood of mammals like cows.

Comprehension Check

• Give an example of a specific predator and its prey.

• What is the difference between an commensalism and mutualism?

• Give an example of a parasite.

Switching Gears

Science Skills

Making a Graph from a Table

Water Released and Absorbed by Tree

TimeAbsorbedby Roots

(g/h)

Releasedby Leaves

(g/h)

8 AM10 AM

12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM

5

2

10149

641

1

12

17

16103

Water released by leaves

Water released by leaves

Rel

ati

ve

Rat

es

(g/h

)

20

Time

0

15

10

5

8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM

Making a Graph from a Table

Water Released and Absorbed by Tree

TimeAbsorbedby Roots

(g/h)

Releasedby Leaves

(g/h)

8 AM10 AM

12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM

5

2

10149

641

1

12

17

16103

Water released by leaves

Water released by leaves

Rel

ati

ve

Rat

es

(g/h

)

20

Time

0

15

10

5

8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM

Making a Graph from a Table

Water Released and Absorbed by Tree

TimeAbsorbedby Roots

(g/h)

Releasedby Leaves

(g/h)

8 AM10 AM

12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM

5

2

10149

641

1

12

17

16103

Water released by leaves

Water released by leaves

Rel

ati

ve

Rat

es

(g/h

)

20

Time

0

15

10

5

8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM

Using Science Skills

1. How many populations of organisms are represented by this community?

2. What are the non living elements in the ecosystem?

3. An ecosystem is part of what larger level of organization of organisms?

4. Each population is made up of what level of organization?

Using Science Skills

• What units are used to measure length?• Why are conversions easier to do using the metric system?• What is the boiling point of water in C?• How many is kilo-?• How many milliliters is 2 liters?

Turn to Page 20Problem-Solving Lab 1.2

Work with 1 partner to answerQuestions 1-4 in your Lab Notebook

Go to kirkfisher.comand work on today’s

assignments

(located under the biology tab)