ecology intro
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION
ECOLOGY
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KEYWORDS
Ecology ecosystempioneer speciesBiosphere biotic factor climax communitySpecies abiotic factor biomePopulation niche autotrophCommunity ecological succession
heterotroph
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ECOLOGY
Study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment German biologist
Ernst Haeckel coined the term
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RECALL HBO
What are levels under the HBO?How does energy flow from one level to
another?
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BIOMES
A. Land Biomes 1. Tundra 2. Taiga 3. Temperate deciduous forest 4. Grassland 5. Tropical rainforest 6. Desert
B. Aquatic Biomes 1. Freshwater 2. Marine 3. Estuary
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BIOMES
Have the same climate and similar dominant community Interplay between the abiotic and biotic factors
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Ecological niche
The role or job of an organism in its environment As simple as producer or consumer Keystone species or sentinel species
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Ecological succession
- the sequence of communities that develops in an area from the initial stages of colonization until a stable climax community is achieved
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Primary succession
Colonization of an area devoid of soil by pioneer species/plant life (algae/lichen) that can lead to a climax community Climax community-
steady-state reached by organisms through an ecological succession
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Secondary succession
Is due to an event that resulted in the revegetation of an area that already has an established community Fire Volcanic eruption
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Ecological Succession
Is present in terrestrial and aquatic environment
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Flow of energy
Recall: trophic levels- producers, consumersFeeding relationships: food chains, food websEcological pyramids
Energy Biomass numbers
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Energy pyramid
No limit in the trophic level in a food chainBUT, energy decreases once it is passed from
one level to another due to life processes10% is transferred from level to another
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Biomass pyramid
Biomass- the amount of living tissue within a given trophic level
Biomass pyramid- amount of potential food available for each trophic level in an ecosystem
Can be an inverted pyramid such as in the case of the rain forest
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Pyramid of numbers
Amount or number of organisms at each trophic level not always represent a pyramid such as in a
rainforest
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Cycles of Matter
Energy has a one-way flow, matter is recycled Recycling happens through the biogeochemical cycles
Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorous
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Disruptions in the compartments
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Nutrient limitation
Primary productivity- rate at which organic matter is created by producers
Limiting nutrient- a nutrient that limits the productivity of an ecosystem NPK
An aquatic environment is considered a nutrient poor ecosystem compared to land
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H2O Cycle
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Carbon and Oxygen Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Phosphorous Cycle
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Algal Bloom and Eutrophication
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Niche
Full range of physical and biological conditions an organism lives and the way the organism uses these conditions Biotic- place in the food chain Abiotic- temperature, moisture range for survival
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Community interactions
Competition Competitive exclusion principle
PredationSymbiosis- any relationship in which two
species live closely together Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism – sometimes considered as predation
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Competitive exclusion principle