Biology 30

Biology 30Module 1

Assignment 4Copyright: Ministry of Education, Saskatchewan

May be reproduced for educational purposes

Assignment 4Values(40)A.Multiple Choice: Select the word or phrase which best completes each of the following statements and place a check (() beside it.

1.Bubbles of gas escaping from a water plant in a darkened aquarium are likely bubbles of ***.

____a.carbon-dioxide

____b.nitrogen

____c.oxygen

____d.hydrogen

2.Dehydration synthesis is the major process in organizing other organic compounds from PGAL and glucose. The opposite process which occurs in respiration is ***.

____a.anabolism

____b.dehydration

____c.hydrolysis

____d.assimilation

3.The type of respiration yielding the greatest amount of energy occurs when the final hydrogen acceptor is ***.

____a.water

____b.oxygen

____c.pyruvic acid

____d.NAD

4.Glycolysis takes place mainly in the ***.

____a.ribosome

____b.mitochondrion

____c.cytosol

____d.plasma membrane

5.Glycolysis, which means "glucose splitting", occurs ***.

____a.during the light phase of photosynthesis

____b.in the dark reaction of photosynthesis

____c.at the beginning of the various types of respiration

____d.at the end of fermentation, when alcohol is produced

6.The capture or absorption of light energy during photosynthesis occurs first by the ***.

____a.hydrogen atoms of NADP

____b.hydrogen atoms of water

____c.electrons in chlorophyll atoms

____d.carbon atoms of chlorophyll

7.Carbon-dioxide, in photosynthesis, is used during the ***.

____a.light reactions

____b.photolysis stage

____c.dark reactions

____d.synthesis of proteins

8.Over 90% of plant matter comes from ***.

____a.light energy

____b.soil

____c.water

____d.water and carbon-dioxide

9.The greatest negative effect on heterotrophs if this planet were to suffer a great reduction in some of its forests (such as the tropical rainforest) would likely be ***.

____a.a decrease in atmospheric oxygen

____b.a decrease in atmospheric carbon-dioxide

____c.falling temperatures

____d.lower supplies of fresh water

10.Many plant parts appear green because ***.

____a.energized chlorophylls give off a green glow when exposed to light

____b.plant tissues cause white light to change into wavelengths which produce green

____c.wavelengths producing green are absorbed by plants while others are reflected or transmitted

____d.wavelengths producing green are reflected or transmitted more than others by plants

11.Muscle fatigue and soreness is largely caused by an accumulation of ***.

____a.alcohol

____b.carbon-dioxide

____c.pyruvic acid

____d.lactic acid

12.Most of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the ***.

____a.thylakoids

____b.stroma

____c.guard cells

____d.cytoplasm

13.The electrons that combine with the during the non-cyclic part of the light reaction of photosynthesis can come from chlorophyll and from ***.

____a.sunlight

____b.water

____c.carbon-dioxide

____d.oxygen

14.The energy which is most directly available to the greatest number of cells is that of ***.

____a.PGAL

____b.ATP

____c.glucose

____d.starch

15.If you were to raise algae in a laboratory, you should be sure that they are ***.

____a.in a sugar solution

____b.in warm water

____c.exposed to light

____d.immersed in well-oxygenated water

16.Heterotrophs depend upon photosynthesis for ***.

____a.organic matter and water

____b.organic matter and oxygen

____c.oxygen and water

____d.water and carbon-dioxide

17.Starch content in a green leaf would likely be at its highest level ***.

____a.at dawn

____b.shortly before noon

____c.in the early afternoon

____d.in the early evening

18.In a eukaryotic cell, the two most prominent organelles associated with energy conversion and energy release are ***.

____a.mitochondria and chloroplasts

____b.nuclei and chloroplasts

____c.ribosomes and lysosomes

____d.grana and cristae

19.Plants and animals both ***.

____a.can use light energy to produce organic compounds

____b.change light energy into the chemical energy of bonds

____c.require carbon-dioxide to form the organic compounds making up their own bodies

____d.require oxygen to release the chemical energy of bonds of their organic compounds

20.Some bacteria which can form organic compounds from inorganic matter without the use of chlorophyll or sunlight obtain their energy from ***.

____a.carbon-dioxide and water

____b.inorganic chemical compounds

____c.fossil fuels (oils, gases)

____d.the heat from the bodies of living organisms

(10)B.Matching: In the space provided in front of each item in Column A, write the letter of the correct answer from Column B.

Column A____ 1.thylakoid membranes are arranged in stacks of disks

____ 2.process where the water molecule is split to release electrons

____ 3.organic compounds are broken down to release stored energy

____ 4.part of photosynthesis that does not require light

____ 5.is a coenzyme that carries electrons

____ 6.a small unit of energy

____ 7.oxygen is present so cellular respiration proceeds through the electron transport

____ 8.occurs if oxygen is in short supply

____ 9.is formed in muscles when there is a lack of oxygen

____10.source of fuel for cellular respirationColumn Ba.

b.catabolism

c.NADP

d.fermentation

e.photolysis

f.dark reaction

g.aerobic respiration

h.grana

i.lactic acid

j.ATP

C.Short Answer

1.

a.The preceding illustration represents particular stages of a photosynthetic process.

(1)

i.If box B represents activities related to the Dark Reactions, what general name includes the activities in box A?

(2)

ii.In what part of an organelle are the activities of box A most likely to be found?

of box B?

(3)

iii.Identify the substance at 1._________________

Identify the substance at 2._________________

Identify the substance at 3._________________

iv.What general role or function is carried out by each of the following during photosynthesis:

(2)

chlorophyll?

(2)

the intermediate products (#2 and NADPH shown in the illustration)?

(2)

b.In one or two sentences, indicate how the energy of sunlight is converted to chemical energy.

(2)

2.a.What are the two nutrients (organic compounds) which are produced during, or right at the end of, the actual process of photosynthesis?

1.____________________

2.____________________

(2)

b.List four other nutrients (organic compounds) which can then be formed from the first two.

1.____________________3.____________________

2.____________________4.____________________

(2)

c.Photosynthesis is a very important process. Organisms that can photosynthesize, that is can form organic compounds from inorganic substances, form the basis of food chains.

Mention four other ways in which photosynthesis can be important to humans or other organisms.

1.

2.

3.

4.

3.Questions a to e are based on the following graphic that illustrates the process of respiration.

(2)

a.The first part of respiration, shown by the line A, is common to almost all organisms. What is this part of respiration called?

(2)

b.Why is the first part of respiration considered to be inefficient?

(2)

c.Why is oxygen so necessary at the end of respiration - that is at the end of electron transport?

(2)

d.If oxygen is absent or in short supply at the end of electron transport, how may a particular cell or organism manage to still release a little energy?

(2)

e.Aerobic respiration releases about 40 to 60% (which is considered good) of the glucose molecule's energy. What happens to the rest of the energy?

(2)

4.a.Although not shown anywhere in the preceding illustration on respiration, ATP is an important part of this process as well as the process of photosynthesis. Why is ATP so important?

(4)

b.List four ways in which energy released from respiration is, or can be, utilized by cells or organisms.

1)

2)

3)

4)

D.Applying Your Knowledge:

Photosynthesis and Respiration Experiments

Experiment 1: Light Requirements and Photosynthesis

Read the following procedure and observations, then answer the questions.

In one investigation to determine what effects different light levels had on photosynthesis, three potted geraniums were placed in different light conditions for 12 hours. Plant a was kept in complete darkness; plant b was in dim light; and, plant c was exposed to very bright light.

The amount or degree of photosynthesis occurring in each plant was determined by testing one of its leaves for starch, since starch is formed relatively quickly from glucose.

The following procedure was applied to one leaf from each of the plants in turn:

a.After removal, a leaf was boiled in water for about 5 to 10 minutes. (Boiling kills cells and breaks down cell walls, while stopping enzyme actions.)

b.The leaf was then soaked in boiling alcohol, which dissolved and removed the chlorophyll.

c.When the leaf had most of the chlorophyll removed and was bleached to a yellowish-white color, it was rinsed quickly in water and placed in a shallow dish.

d.An iodine solution was spread over the leaf.

The following sketches illustrate the results which occurred on the different plant leaves after iodine was applied.

Experiment 2: Carbon-dioxide and Photosynthesis

In another investigation, two potted geraniums were kept in enclosed containers under the same light conditions. The only difference was that one container (d) also had a small beaker containing sodium hydroxide. (Sodium hydroxide has the capability of removing carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere.) In the space below draw a diagram representing the two containers. This will aid you in understanding the experiment and results.One leaf from each plant then went through the same preparation procedure as was conducted for the light investigation. Final testing with iodine solution resulted in the following appearances:

1.Leaf a, in experiment #1 remained a yellowish color after iodine was applied, while small amounts of black areas appeared in b and large amounts of black were evident in c.

(3)

a.What did these colors mean for the different leaves?

(2)

b.What general statement can be made, from these results, about light levels and photosynthesis?

(2)

2.Of plants d and e, in experiment #2, which one experienced the greatest amount of photosynthesis? Why?

(2)

3.Why should carbon-dioxide levels affect rates of photosynthesis?

(3)

4.Besides light intensity and carbon-dioxide, what three other factors could affect the amount of photosynthesis occurring in plant tissues?

Experiment 3: Gas Production by Plants

This experiment looks at both photosynthesis and cellular respiration occurring in a plant.

The type of apparatus (shown on the right) was used to collect gases released by the freshwater plant, Anacharis (or Elodea).

(2)

5.a.Under light conditions, what gas would you expect to collect in the test tube inverted over the funnel?

b.In darkness, a gas is still collected in the test tube. Indicate: Whether this would be the same gas or a different gas. If different, what is the gas?

6.Conclusion: Reflect back on all three experiments and review your answers for questions 1-6. Then, answer the following question:

(2)

If there is any difference between the amount or kind of gas produced during the light and dark conditions, what would it be? Why?

_____

(100)

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