biology - reaction time lab analysis questions
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Chung 1
Lani Chung
Mr. Nakamura
Biology HL Period 3B
7 March 2013
Reaction Time Lab Analysis Questions
1. Specifically, which parts of the nervous system were used when the student responded to the
dropped meter stick in the tests for visual stimuli?
When the student saw the meter stick begin to drop, the photoreceptors of the retina are
stimulated and they send impulses to the bipolar neurons and the ganglion cells. The axons from
the ganglion cells travel to the visual area of the cerebral cortex of the brain. The brain must then
correct the position of the image so that it is right side up and not revered. It must also coordinate
the images coming from the left and right eye. When the student tried to grab the meter stick
after receiving the visual stimuli, the somatic nervous system (SNS) is responsible for receiving
the sensory information and controlling the movement of their arm. The SNS carries nerve
impulses from the brain to the muscle to be moved which allowed the student to react to the
visual stimuli.
2. If you continued to repeat the test for visual stimuli, do you think you would get faster? Why or
why not?
If you continued to repeat the test for visual stimuli, you would probably get faster because you
can speed up nerve conduction through practice. By repeating the same movements, you make
them almost automatic. Although the action of grabbing the meter stick before it falls is not a
classical reflex, with practice, your movements almost mimic a reflex. They become motor skills
Chung 2
that have been etched into your nerves and brain which causes the motor pathways to be almost
reflexive.
3. What factors would ultimately limit your speed of response?
The main factor that would ultimately limit your speed of response is the time that it takes for the
image of the visual stimulus to reach your eyes, as well as the time that it would take for the
visual stimulus to be sent to your brain and processed. Another factor is the time that it takes for
the muscles to contract after neurological impulses are sent to them.
4. How does a reaction differ from a reflex?
Reactions are different from reflexes in that they are voluntary responses to a stimulus from the
environment. It can be trained to become faster through regular practice. A reflex is an
involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus that is usually done to
protect the body from harm. It is generally much faster than a reaction
5. Draw a simple reflex arc that would occur when a person steps on a nail. Label all of the
neurons involved.
Chung 3
6. List at least one more factor that would affect your reaction time and describe how you would
test it.
Another factor that would affect reaction time is fatigue. This factor can be tested by having
subjects first run a distance of 400 meters. Then the subjects will attempt to grab the meter stick
before it falls to the ground with their eyes open and essentially follow the procedure for the
visual stimulus test. The tiredness that results from the physically exertive task of running will
help to test the effect of fatigue on the reaction time of an individual.