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Biology Unit Unit C: From Life to Lifestyle Science 14 and 10-4 with Mrs M

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Biology Unit C: Life to Lifestyle Chapter 8: Structure and Function of Plant and Animal Cells Chapter 10: Food for Life Chapter 11: Maintaining Homeostasis (with Mr. Watts)

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This week Monday 9.1 Life functions Tuesday 9.2 Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration 9.3 Organ systems Wednesday Blood pressure and heart rate lab Thursday 9.4 and Review Friday test

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Chapter 9 Life Functions How do you know plants and animals are living things? Living things: Grow (create new cells) Reproduce (create new cells) Move and transport (function of cells) Cells have structures that carry out necessary life processes.

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9.1 Life Functions Common to All Living Things Function: an activity, work or operation done for a particular purpose Life functions: the activities carried out by cells and organ systems

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Think back to Planet Earth: Ice Worlds Transport: penguins move from breeding grounds to the ocean ice Nutrition: eat fish Growth: from a hatched egg Are well adapted to the cold Can swim Work together to conserve heat

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Life Functions identify life functions common to living systems energy conversion response to the environment growth reproduction conserving or dissipating heat (e.g., torpor, dormancy, hibernation, vascular skin, sweat gland behaviour)

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Adaptations An adaptation is a trait with a functional role in the life processes of an organism. Venus Fly Trap https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7eQKSf0LmY Digests the fly for 10 days until only a husk remains Can still grow from photosynthesis even though it is carnivorous

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Torpor Inactivity Snails become inactive during the hottest driest part of summer when food and moisture are scarce

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How do these animals deal with heat? Vascular skin Sweat glands Panting

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How do different organisms deal with winter?

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Hibernation Type of torpor Deep sleep

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Lungfish https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUD8pTY-He0 Adapt to survive during drought

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Frogs Hibernate Frogs freeze solid in winter but the ice doesnt penetrate their cells because of antifreeze proteins

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Antifreeze Proteins

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Snakes Hibernate Called a hibernaculum

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Hibernaculum

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Trees go dormant having normal physical functions suspended or slowed down for a period of time; in or as if in a deep sleep dormancy conserves energy

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Life Functions 1.Transportation 2.Nutrition 3.Growth and repair 4.Reproduction 5.Regulation 6.Metabolism 7.Synthesis

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1. Transportation 1. Transportation: Is the movement of the ______________________, its _________________, or its internal ____________________. For example, celery needs to transport water to its leaves A spider needs to _______________ a web A Venus flytrap needs to move its _______________________

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2. Nutrition Producing or obtaining ________________ For example, a foal nurses from its mother; the horse eats _____________

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3. Growth and Repair 3. Growth and repair __________________ and repairing body parts For example, all plants and animals grow. When injured, the body can _____________

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4. Reproduction Making new cells or a new _______________ For example, seeds grow into _______________ Single-celled organisms divide to create a new cell

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5. Regulation Responding to changes in the ___________________ For example, when an animal is thirsty, it drinks ______________ After an animal drinks water, it needs to excrete this fluid

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6. Metabolism To get energy, organisms undergo cellular respiration For example, __________________________, digesting, and eliminating wastes

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7. Synthesis Directing cell _______________ to create needed ___________________ For example, plants undergo photosynthesis to make ________________ and ____________________

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Notes: Cells and Tissues are Specialized A unique structural design helps cells perform a specific function

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Animal Cells: Recall that animal cells have the same parts, though there are different types

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Different Plant Cells :

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Different cells, different roles stomata in the leaves for water balance skin cells are flat to cover large surface area plant cell walls provide structural support nerve cells are long for transmission of impulses storage of chemical energy in roots [e.g., sugar beets], stems [e.g., sugar cane] and fruits [e.g., apples]

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9.1 questions Page 182 What is my role? How do different cells have different roles? Check Your Understanding page 183 #2 Do plants and animals share the same life functions? Give a reason for your answer.

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9.2 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Only plants, algae, and some bacteria undergo photosynthesis All living organisms undergo cellular respiration

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Photosynthesis: plants create sugar for food It STORES energy Cellular Respiration: metabolism, using sugar for energy It RELEASES energy

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Photosynthesis Plants make their own food The process by which chloroplasts in plant cells convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into sugar (glucose) and oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight energy -> Oxygen + Sugar (food/chemical energy)

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Photosynthesis

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Cellular Respiration The chemical change that converts food into energy within a cell During cellular respiration, the food that is produced undergoes chemical change and releases energy Sugar + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Energy

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Chemistry Review O 2 oxygen CO 2 carbon dioxide H 2 O water C 6 H 12 O 6 glucose sugar

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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected

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Plants store sugars differently

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Plant organs

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Plants have a shoot system (above ground for photosynthesis) and also a root system (below ground for nutrients and water absorption)

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Investigation: Where are the greatest rates of photosynthesis and why? Most sunlight Most water Most carbon dioxide?

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Sunlight

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Water

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How would talking to your plants help them to grow? Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight energy -> Oxygen + Sugar (food/chemical energy)

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9.3 Imagine a machine that can do the following: pump fluids for years and years without stopping release energy from food eliminate wastes send messages reproduce itself or parts of itself

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9.3 Human Organ Systems Your Body: pump fluids for years and years without stopping release energy from food eliminate wastes send messages reproduce itself or parts of itself

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Humans have: Respiratory system Cardiovascular system (go over in detail) Nervous system Urinary system Digestive system (go over in detail)

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Respiratory System

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Cardiovascular System Cardio = heart Vascular = veins and arteries

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Heart

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Right Atrium Pulmonary Veins (from lungs) Right Ventricle Left Atrium Veins from body Arteries to body Pulmonary Arteries (to lungs)

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Heart Vein from body Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle Left Atrium Artery to body To lungs From lungs

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Circulatory system Move blood through the body Veins = return blood to the heart Arteries = away from the heart

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Nervous System

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Kidney/Urinary System (Excretion)

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Digestive System

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Food = chemical energy Body uses nutrients for energy, growth, and repair Different nutrients are digested in different areas

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Location of Digestion carbs: saliva, small intestine proteins: stomach fats: small intestine water and chemicals: absorbed from stomach and in large intestine More on nutrition in Chapter 10 carbohydrates (sugars and starches) proteins fats vitamins minerals water Nutrients

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Digestive System Mouth mechanical digestion and saliva Esophagus Transport by peristalsis Stomach Stomach acid for protein digestion Small Intestine With help from the pancreas, bile duct and gall bladder Absorption of nutrients by microvilli Large Intestine Final absorption of nutrients and water

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Mouth Chewing: mechanical digestion Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates Creates a bolus to be swallowed Digestive System

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Esophagus Transport Peristalsis Digestive System

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Stomach Sphincters Gastric juice containing enzymes and acid Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is very strong acid Digestive System

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Small Intestine Duodenum where stomach acid is neutralized Digest carbs and fats Digestive System

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Small Intestine Microvilli absorb nutrients Digestive System

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Large Intestine Absorption Elimination/excretion Digestive System

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Digestive System Summary: Mouth mechanical digestion and saliva Esophagus Transport by peristalsis Stomach Stomach acid for protein digestion Small Intestine With help from the pancreas, bile duct and gall bladder Absorption of nutrients by microvilli Large Intestine Final absorption of nutrients and water