biomolecules, & organic...
TRANSCRIPT
Macromolecules,
Biomolecules, &
Organic CompoundsChapter 3 Section 3
Ted Talks – The Operating System of Life
Building Blocks of Cells Organic Compounds – molecules that contain CARBON,
HYDROGEN and OXYGEN
Macromolecules – large, complex molecules that make up the parts of a cell and are used in biochemical processes
Biomolecules – molecules necessary for life
Four Types
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Building Blocks of Cells
Monomer – small units (or building blocks) that make up macromolecules
Mono - ONE
Carbohydrates (AKA sugars)
Monomers – monosaccharides (one sugar)
Elements – carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)
Usually in a 1:2:1 ratio (C6H12O6)
Functions of Carbs
Major source of energy
Plants store the sun’s energy in glucose
All organisms break down sugar to release its stored energy
Structural support (cell wall)
Cellulose – plants
Chitin – fungi
Cell recognition
Cells recognize one another using sugars attached to the cell membrane.
Carbohydrate Examples Monosaccharides (one sugar)
Glucose
Fructose
Disaccharides (two sugars)
Sucrose
Polysaccharides (many sugars)
Cellulose
Chitin
Starch
Glycogen
Lipids (AKA Fats)
Lipids are hydrophobic or “water fearing” so lipids repel water
Monomers – fatty acids
Elements – mostly carbon and hydrogen with a little oxygen
Functions of Lipids
Long-term energy storage
Some animals only eat a few months of the year and rely on stored energy for the rest of the year. (whales)
Hibernation
Plants store fat as oil (peanut and corn oil)
Build water-proof membranes
Lipids
Examples
Fats
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes
Oils
Proteins (AKA Workers)
Monomers – amino acids
20 different amino acids in living things
The order of the amino acids determines the proteins shape which determines its role in the cell
Elements – Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and sometimes Sulfur
Functions of Proteins Build structures and support
Cytoskeleton
Collagen
Are chemical messages
Hormones
Functions of Proteins Move materials through
the cell membrane
Transporters
Help carry out important chemical reactions
Enzymes
Help the body fight diseases
Antibodies
Nucleic Acids (AKA Genes)
Monomers – nucleotides
Elements – Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus
Functions of Nucleic Acids Store and transmit the
genetic information for an organism
Examples
DNA and RNA