biotech time line a selection of highlights. biotech time line humans domesticate crops and...

Biotech Time LineBiotech Time Line

A selection of highlightsA selection of highlights


Humans domesticate crops and livestockHumans domesticate crops and livestock4000 BC4000 BC


1660s1660sAntoine van Leewenhoek discovers the Antoine van Leewenhoek discovers the microscope.microscope.Allows us to see the microscopic world, Allows us to see the microscopic world, including bacteria.including bacteria.


17971797Edward Jenner innoculates a child with Edward Jenner innoculates a child with viral vaccine against small pox.viral vaccine against small pox.


18571857Louis Pasteur proposes microbes cause Louis Pasteur proposes microbes cause fermentation.fermentation.


18651865An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel An Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel begins his study of genetics while cross-begins his study of genetics while cross-breeding pea plantsbreeding pea plantsFather of GeneticsFather of Genetics


18691869Johann Friedrich Miescher isolated and Johann Friedrich Miescher isolated and analyzed DNA as a macromolecule for the analyzed DNA as a macromolecule for the first time.first time.


19171917Karl Erecky first uses the term Karl Erecky first uses the term biotechnology in a book he publishes in biotechnology in a book he publishes in Germany where he discusses converting Germany where he discusses converting raw materials into more use products.raw materials into more use products.


19431943Penicillin is mass-produced by Andrew Penicillin is mass-produced by Andrew Moyer just in time to help thousands of Moyer just in time to help thousands of injured soldiersinjured soldiersSir Alexander Fleming is credited with its Sir Alexander Fleming is credited with its discovery in 1928.discovery in 1928.


19441944Oswald Avery, along with MacLeod and Oswald Avery, along with MacLeod and McCarty, proves that genes and McCarty, proves that genes and chromosomes are made of DNAchromosomes are made of DNA


19531953Watson and Crick publish the structure of Watson and Crick publish the structure of DNA in the journal Nature.DNA in the journal Nature.They received the Nobel Prize in Medicine They received the Nobel Prize in Medicine along with Wilkins and Franklinalong with Wilkins and Franklin


19661966Marshall Nirenburg, along with Khorana Marshall Nirenburg, along with Khorana and Holley, demonstrated the sequences and Holley, demonstrated the sequences of three bases (codons) on DNA of three bases (codons) on DNA determine each of the 20 amino acidsdetermine each of the 20 amino acidsNobel prizeNobel prize


19701970Restriction enzymes that cut genetic Restriction enzymes that cut genetic material and paste them together was material and paste them together was discovered.discovered.


19731973Cohen and Boyer create the first Cohen and Boyer create the first recombinant DNA technology that allows recombinant DNA technology that allows scientists to splice DNA from one scientists to splice DNA from one organism into anotherorganism into another


19751975Kohler and Milstein produce monoclonal Kohler and Milstein produce monoclonal antibodies by fusing the specific antibody-antibodies by fusing the specific antibody-producing plasma cells with a tumor cellproducing plasma cells with a tumor cellMade way for a very effective diagnostic Made way for a very effective diagnostic and therapeutic tooland therapeutic tool


19781978California company, Genetech, is first California company, Genetech, is first company to produce a recombinant drug company to produce a recombinant drug (insulin)(insulin)


19801980Diamond vs Chakrabarty Supreme Court Diamond vs Chakrabarty Supreme Court Case ruled that genetically altered life can Case ruled that genetically altered life can be patented by the one who altered it.be patented by the one who altered it.


19831983Kary Mullis creates the Polymerase Chain Kary Mullis creates the Polymerase Chain Reaction as a tool for amplifying, or Reaction as a tool for amplifying, or copying, DNA in vitro.copying, DNA in vitro.


19841984Sir Alec Jeffreys develops the tool of DNA Sir Alec Jeffreys develops the tool of DNA typing, also known as DNA fingerprintingtyping, also known as DNA fingerprintingMajor tool used in forensicsMajor tool used in forensics


19861986First recombinant vaccine for humans was First recombinant vaccine for humans was produced for hepatitisproduced for hepatitis


19971997Ian Wilmut successfully cloned the first Ian Wilmut successfully cloned the first mammal, a sheep named Dollymammal, a sheep named Dolly


19981998First human embryonic stem cell lines First human embryonic stem cell lines were producedwere produced


20032003Human Genome Project was completed.Human Genome Project was completed.Started in 1990 with the task of Started in 1990 with the task of sequencing every gene in the human cell.sequencing every gene in the human cell.Found the sequence of over 24,000 Found the sequence of over 24,000 genes.genes.


20072007Dr. Anthony Atala of WFIRM announces Dr. Anthony Atala of WFIRM announces the discovery of stem cells found in the discovery of stem cells found in amniotic fluidamniotic fluid


20082008Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine is formed to research Medicine is formed to research regenerative medicine technology that can regenerative medicine technology that can be used to treat injured soldiersbe used to treat injured soldiers


20102010First synthetic cell is created by the labs of First synthetic cell is created by the labs of Craig Ventor, a major player in the Human Craig Ventor, a major player in the Human Genome ProjectGenome Project


20112011A Federal Court of Appeals upheld the A Federal Court of Appeals upheld the rights of science companies to hold rights of science companies to hold patents on genes that they have patents on genes that they have sequencedsequenced

biotech time line a selection of highlights. biotech time line humans domesticate crops and...

Documents