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Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals The Twenty-Fifth Symposium
Presented as Volumes 113-116 of Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held May 4-7, 2003, in Breckenridge, CO
Sponsored by us Department of Energy's Office of the Biomass Program (DOE-OBP)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Idaho National Engineering and Environment Laboratory (INEEL)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Alltech Archer Daniels Midland (ADM)
BBI International Biotechnology Industrial Organization (BIO)
Breckenridge Brewery Cargill, Inc.
Cargill Dow, LLC Coors Brewing Company
Corn Refiners Association (CRA) E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. (DuPont)
Genencor International Iogen Corporation
Katzen International Natural Resources Canada
Novozymes Biotech Proctor and Gamble
Syngenta Tate and Lyle
Tembec Industries
Editors
Mark Finkelstein and James D. McMillan National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Brian H. Davison and Barbara Evans Oak Ridge National Laboratory
.. Springer ScieDce+Basiaess Media, LLC
ISBN 978-1-4684-9873-8 ISBN 978-1-59259-837-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-59259-837-3
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Volumes 113-116, Complete, Spring 2004
Copyright © 2004 Springer Science+ Business Media New York Originally published by Humana Press Inc. in 2004
All Rights Reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology is abstracted or indexed regularly in Chemical Abstracts, Biological Abstracts, Current Contents, Science Citation Index, Excerpta Medica, Index Medicus, and appropriate related compendia.
Introduction to the Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Symposium
on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals
MARK FINKELSTEIN
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
BRIAN H. DAVISON
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
The 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals was held in Breckenridge, CO, May 4-7,2003. Over 450 attendees helped underscore the growing importance ofbioenergy and a biobased economy during this special Silver Anniversary Symposium. Forty states and twenty-three countries were represented at the Symposium, with over 40% of the attendees from industry, almost 40% from universities and colleges, and the remainder from government agencies and laboratories. The robust participation and sponsorship by industry highlights the relevancy and importance of this Symposium.
While improving the economics of producing fuels and chemicals is vital to many industrial sectors, the ability to do so in a sustainable and environmentally responsible manner is becoming increasingly important. The program for the 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals was designed to deliver the latest research breakthroughs and results in biotechnology that stimulate such improvements. The technical focus of Symposium was evident at each session, as evolutionary as well as revolutionary research findings were revealed. The eight technical sessions contained 52 oral presentations and we had 272 poster presentations. Whether one represented the industrial, academic, or government sector, each was invited to participate in this stimulating exchange of information and ideas. Valuable opportunities for productive interactions with colleagues, both from a national and international perspective, were evident throughout the meeting.
III
IV Introduction
With the 25th Symposium, we continued the tradition of providing an informal, congenial atmosphere that our participants found conducive to discussing technical program topics. This year's topics included:
Session lA Session IB Session 2 Session 3 Session 4 Session 5 Session 6A Session 6B Special Topics A Special Topics B
Feedstock Supply, Logistics, Processing, and Composition Enzyme Catalysis and Engineering Microbial Catalysis and Engineering Bioprocessing including Separations Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals-Past, Present, and Future Biobased Industrial Chemicals Biomass Pretreatment and Hydrolysis Plant Biotechnology and Feedstock Genomics Microbial Pentose Metabolism International Bioenergy Agency Bioethanol Meeting
A summary of these sessions is included at the beginning of each section of the Proceedings. The technical core of the Symposium remains the creation, manipulation, and practical use of new biocatalysts to produce useful fuels and chemicals. This was shown in both fundamental science discoveries as well as progress reports from commercialization efforts. However, we have continued to expand interest into the biofeedstock (plant genomics, production, and pretreatment). While the production of sugars from biomass and their subsequent bioconversion into chemicals remains the dominant thrust, areas such as gasification and direct production in plants were presented. The use of molecular biology and genomics to provide new biocatalysts as well as understanding the fundamentals of the microbes, enzymes, and biomass has increased the likely achievement of both near and long-term commercialization goals.
This year Dr. J. Craig Venter, Genome Sequencer, Entrepreneur, and Chief Executive Officer augmented our technical program with a spellbinding after dinner presentation entitled "Genomic Approaches to the Environment." This touched on his latest efforts in metagenomics and in constructing a minimal genome.
Charles D. Scott Award Presentation
For the past 10 symposia we have recognized an individual who has distinguished him or herself in the application of biotechnology towards the production of fuels and chemicals. This award acknowledges contributions to the field as a whole or this symposium, with particular attention to innovation in fundamental and applied biotechnology, insight into bioprocessing fundamentals, or commitment to facilitate commercialization of products from renewable resources. The award is named in honor of Dr. Charles D. Scott, the founder of this symposium and its chair for the first 10 years.
Dr. Tom Jeffries received this year's award. Dr. Jeffries is a microbiologist whose research focuses on using plant matter to make the fuel ethanol. He directs the Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology at the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, WI, and is a
Introduction v
professor in the Bacteriology and Food Science departments at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. His recent research has aimed at modifying yeast DNA to increase the amount of ethanol produced when the yeast metabolizes certain components of wood. He was also one of four attendees who attended the inaugural Symposium 25 years ago (along with Bob Tanner, Y.Y. Lee, and Chuck Scott).
Session Chairpersons
Session lA: Feedstock Supply, Logistics, Processing, and Composition. Topics encompassed production and collection issues (availability, farming, silviculture, harvesting, densijication, consistency and storage).
Chair: Jim Hettenhaus, E-mail: [email protected] Co-Chair: David Morris, E-mail: [email protected]
Session IB: Enzyme Catalysis and Engineering. Speakers focused on how to identify, modify, develop, and cost-effectively produce the use of enzymes to carry out a myriad of biological/chemical transformations.
Chair: Mike Himmel, E-mail: [email protected] Co-Chair: David Wilson, E-mail: [email protected]
Session 2: Microbial Catalysis and Engineering. This session focused on finding new and developing existing microorganisms for improved performance to produce fuels and chemicals.
Chair: Tom Jeffries, E-mail: [email protected] Co-Chair: Lee Lynd, E-mail: [email protected]
Session 3: Bioprocessing, Including Separations. This session covered reactor configurations and the integration of engineering with microbiology, biochemistry, and chemistry to produce fuels and chemicals.
Chair: Dale Monceaux, E-mail: [email protected] Co-Chair: David Short, E-mail: [email protected]
Session 4: Biotechnology for Fuels and ChemicalsPast, Present, and Future. This session gazed into the crystal ball while occasionally looking into the rear-view mirror to review the past 25 years.
Chair: Chuck Scott, E-mail: [email protected] Co-Chair: Charles Wyman, E-mail: [email protected]
Session 5: Biobased Industrial Chemicals. The prodllction of chemicals and other value-added bioprodllcts from biological rather than petrochemical lIses was discussed at this session. Advances in process illtegration, demonstratioll, economics, and commercialization were highlighted.
Chair: Doug Cameron, E-mail: [email protected] Co-Chair: Marion Bradford, Tate & Lyle, Retired
VI Introduction
Session 6A: Biomass Pretreatment and Hydrolysis. Novel reactor configurations as well as /lew process approaches to pretreat and saccharify biomass was the focus of this session.
Chair: Y. Y. Lee, E-mail: [email protected] Co-Chair: Bruce Dale, E-mail: [email protected]
Session 6B: Plant Biotech and Feedstock Genetics. The sustainable success of Bioenergy and Bioprodllcts requires new integrated approaches. The potential impact of transgenic, genetic, and genomicbased modifications to the archi-tectural, compositional, or metabolic functions of plants was discussed in relation to an enhanced renewable base.
Chair: Jim McLaren, E-mail: [email protected] Co-Chair: Steve Thomas, E-mail: [email protected]
Special Topics: Pentose Metabolism. Microorganisms capable of converting biomass pentose sugars to fuels and chemicals are essential for robust biomass-based processes. This session discllssed recent technological developments and understanding that will allow for the constrllction of superior microorganisms.
Chair: Barbel Hahn-Hagerdal, Lund University, Sweden Co-Chair: Neville Pamment, University of Melbourne, Australia
Special Topics: lEA Task 39 Bioethanol Chair: Jack Saddler, E-mail: [email protected]
Co-Chair: David Gregg, E-mail: [email protected]
Organizing Committee
Mark Finkelstein, Conference Chair, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
Brian Davison, Conference Co-Chair, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
William Apel, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID
Doug Cameron, Cargill, Minneapolis, MN Tom Jeffries, USDA, Forest Service, Madison, WI James Lee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Lee Lynd, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH James McMillan, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO Amy Mannheim, US Department of Energy, Washington, DC Dale Monceaux, Katzen International, Cincinnati, OH Jack Saddler, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada Sharon Shoemaker, University of California, Davis, CA David Short, DuPont, Newark, DE Jim Spaeth, US Department of Energy, Golden, CO
Introduction VII
Jeff Tolan, Iogen Corporation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Nancy Watlington, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Liz Willson, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO Charles E. Wyman, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH Guido Zacchi, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Gisella M. Zanin, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana,
Brazil
Acknowledgments The continued success of the symposium is due to the many partici
pants, organizers, and sponsors, but is also a success and pleasure due to the diligent and creative staff. In particular, Liz Willson of NREL and Nancy Watlington of ORNL, provided organization, advice, persistence, and unfailing good humor. Howard Brown of NREL provided communications and website acumen, Ivilina Thornton provided the overall conference coordination, and the overall assistance from Lyn Lumberg of NREL is gratefully acknowledged.
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute and Battelle under contract DE-AC36-99GOI0337.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by UT -Battelle, LLC under contract DE-ACOS-000R2272S.
A contractor of the US Government has authored the submitted manuscripts. Accordingly the US Government retains a non-exclusive, royaltyfree license to publish or reproduce the published forms of this contribution, or allow others to do so for US Government purposes.
Other Proceedings in this Series
1. Proceedings of the First Symposium on Biotechnology in Energy Production and Conservation (1978), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 8.
2. Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Biotechnology in Energy Production and Conservation (1980), Biotechl1ol. Bioeng. Symp. 10.
3. Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Biotechnology in Energy Production and Conservation (1981), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 11.
4. Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Biotechnology in Energy Production and Conservation (1982), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 12.
5. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1983), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 13.
6. Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1984), Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 14.
7. Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1985), Biotecl1llol. Bioellg. Symp. 15.
8. Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1986), Biotechllol. Bioellg. Symp. 16.
9. Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1988), Appl. Biochem. Biotcchllo1. Symp. 17,18.
viii
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Introduction
Proceedings of the Tenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1989), Appl. Biochern. Biotechnol. Symp. 20,21. Proceedings of the Eleventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1990), Appl. Biochem. Bioteclmol. Symp. 24,25. Proceedings of the Twelfth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1991), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. Symp. 28,29. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1992), Appl. Biochem. Biotechl1ol. Symp. 34,35. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1993), Appl. Biochem. Biotechllol. Symp. 39,40. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1994), Appl. Biochem. Biotechllol. Symp. 45,46. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1995), Appl. Biochem. Bioteclmol. Symp. 51,52. Proceedings of the Seventeenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1996), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. Symp. 57,58. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1997), Appl. Biochem. Biotechllol. Symp. 63-65. Proceedings of the Nineteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1998), Appl. Biochem. Biotechllol. Symp. 70-72. Proceedings of the Twentieth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1999), Appl. Biochem. Biotechllol. Symp. 77-79. Proceedings of the Twenty-First Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (2000), Appl. Biochem. Biotechllol. Symp. 84-86. Proceedings of the Twenty-second Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (2001), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. Symp. 91-93. Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (2002), Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. Symp. 98-100. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (2003), Appl. Biochem. Biotechllol. Symp. 105-108.
This symposium has been held annually since 1978. We are pleased to have the Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Symposium currently published in this special issue to continue the tradition of providing a record of the contributions made.
The Twenty-Sixth Symposium will be held May 7-11, 2004, in Chattanooga, Tennessee. For more information, visit the following Websites: http://www.ct.ornl.gov /symposiumorhttp://nrel.gov /biotech_ symposium. We encourage comments or discussions relevant to the format or content of the meetings.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Vols. 113-116, Spring 2004
CONTENTS
Introduction Brian H. Davison and Mark Finkelstein ................................................ iii
Volume 113
SESSION lA-FEEDSTOCK SUPPLY, LOGISTICS, PROCESSING, AND COMPOSITION
Introduction to Session lA Jim Hettenhaus and David Morris ............................................................ 3
Designing an Effective Federal Biomass Program David Morris .................................................................................................. 5
Methodology for Estimating Removable Quantities of Agricultural Residues for Bioenergy and Bioproduct Use
Richard G. Nelson, * Marie Walsh, John J. Sheehan, and Robin Graham .................................................................................. 13
Pipeline Transport of Biomass Amit Kumar, Jay B. Cameron, and Peter C. Flynn* .............................. 27
Hydrodynamic Separation of Grain and Stover Components in Corn Silage
Philippe Savoie, * Kevin J. Shinners, and Benjamin N. Binversie ....... 41
A New Class of Plants for a Biofuel Feedstock Energy Crop James Kamm ................................................................................................. 55
Fungal Upgrading of Wheat Straw for Straw-Thermoplastics Production
Tracy P. Houghton, David N. Thompson, * J. Richard Hess, Jeffrey A. Lacey, Michael P. Wolcott, Anke Schirp, Karl Englund, David Dostal, and Frank Loge .................................... 71
Economic Analysis of Ethanol Production in California Using Traditional and Innovative Feedstock Supplies
Ellen I. Burnes, John Hagen, Dennis Wichelns, * and Kristen Callens ................................................................................. 95
SESSION lB-ENZYME CATALYSIS AND ENGINEERING
Introduction to Session lB Mike Hitnlnel and David Wilson ........................................................... 113
*For papers with multiple authorship, the asterisk identifies the author to whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.
IX
x
Dynamics of Cellulase Production by Glucose Grown Cultures of Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30 as a Response to Addition of Cellulose
Nora Szijarto, Zsolt Szengyel, Gunnar Liden,
Contents
and Kati Reczey* ................................................................................... 115
Development and Application of an Integrated System for Monitoring Ethanol Content of Fuels
Eliana M. Alhadeff, Andrea M. Salgado, Nei Pereira Jr., and Belkis Valdman* ............................................................................ 125
Model Based Soft-Sensor for On-Line Determination of Substrate Andrea M. Salgado, Rossana O. M. Folly, Belkis Valdman, *
and Francisco Valero ............................................................................ 137
Screening of Dowex® Anion-Exchange Resins for Invertase Immobilization
Ester Junko Tomotani and Michele Vitolo* ......................................... 145
Effects of Carbon Source on Expression of Alcohol Oxidase Activity and on Morphologic Pattern of YR-l Strain, a Filamentous Fungus Isolated from Petroleum-Contaminated Soils
Carmen Rodriguez Robelo, Vanes a Zazueta Novoa, and Roberto Zazueta-Sandoval* ........................................................ 161
Effect of Temperature, Moisture, and Carbon Supplementation on Lipase Production by Solid-State Fermentation of Soy Cake by Penicillium simplicissimum
Marco Di Luccio,* Fernando Capra, Najara P. Ribeiro, Gean D. L. P. Vargas, Denise M. G. Freire, and Debora de Oliveira ....................................................................... 173
The Effect of Temperature, Pressure, Exposure Time, and Depressurization Rate on Lipase Activity in SCC02
Marcelo Lanza, Wagner Luis Priamo, Jose Vladimir Oliveira, Claudio Dariva, and Debora de Oliveira* ...................................................................... 181
Ester Synthesis Catalyzed by Mucor miehei Lipase Immobilized on Magnetic Polysiloxane-Polyvinyl Alcohol Particles
Laura M. Bruno, Jose L. de Lima Filho, Eduardo H. de M. Melo, and Heizir F. de Castro* ...................................................................... 189
Effect of pH on Cellulase Production of Trichoderma reesei RUT C30
Tamas Juhasz, Zsolt Szengyel, * Nora Szijarto, and Kati Reczey ... 201
Contents xi
Quantitative Analysis of Cellulose-Reducing Ends Sasithorn Kongruang, Myung Joo Han, Claudia Isela Gil Breton,
and Michael H. Penner* ........................................................................ 213
Properties of a Recombinant ~-Glucosidase from Polycentric Anaerobic Fungus Orpinomyces PC-2 and Its Application for Cellulose Hydrolysis
Xin-Liang Li, * Lars G. Ljungdahl, Eduardo A. Ximenes, Huizhong Chen, Carlos R. Felix, Michael A. Cotta, and Bruce S. Dien ................................................................................... 233
Characterization and Performance of Immobilized Amylase and Cellulase
Bradley A. Saville, * Mikhail Khavkine, Gayathri Seetharam, Behzad Marandi, and Yong-Li Zuo .................................................... 251
Immobilized Enzyme Studies in a Microscale Bioreactor Francis Jones, Scott Forrest, Jim Palmer, Zonghuan Lu,
John Elmore, and Bill B. Elmore* ....................................................... 261
Performance of Chloroperoxidase Stabilization in Mesoporous Sol-Gel Glass Using In Situ Glucose Oxidase Peroxide Generation
Abhijeet Borole, * Sheng Dai, Catherine L. Cheng, Miguel Rodriguez Jr., and Brian H. Davidson ................................. 273
Integration of Computer Modeling and Initial Studies of Site-Directed Mutagenesis to Improve Cellulase Activity on Cel9A from Thermobifida fusca
Jose M. Escovar-Kousen, * David Wilson, and Diana Irwin .............. 287
Kinetics of Asparaginase II Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ure2da180 Mutant: Effect of Nitrogen Nutrition and pH
Maria Antonieta Ferrara, * Josiane M. V. Mattoso, Elba P. S. Bon, and Nei Pereira Jr . ..................................................... 299
Studies on Immobilized Lipase in Hydrophobic Sol-Gel Cleide M. F. Soares, Onelia A. dos Santos, Heizir F. de Castro,
Flavio F. de Moraes, and Gisella M. Zanin* .................................... 307
Volume 114
SESSION 2-INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIAL CATALYSIS AND ENGINEERING
Introduction to Session 2 Thomas W. Jeffries and Lee R. Lynd ...................................................... 323
XII Contents
Polykaryon Formation Using a Swollen Conidium of Trichoderma reesei
Hideo Toyama, * Makiko Yano, and Takeshi Hotta ............................ 325
Biosynthesis of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyalkanoates) by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli Strains
Si J ae Park and Sang Yup Lee* ............................................................... 335
Effect of Corn Stover Concentration on Rheological Characteristics Natalia V. Pimenova and Thomas R. Hanley* ................................... 347
Construction of Recombinant Escherichia coli Strains for Production of Poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
Kin-Ho Law, Pui-Ling Chan, Wai-Sum Lau, Yin-Chung Cheng, Yun-Chung Leung, Wai-Hung Lo, Hugh Lawford, and Hoi-Fu Yu* ..................................................................................... 361
Biosynthesis of (R)-3-Hydroxyalkanoic Acids by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli
Si Jae Park, Sang Yup Lee, * and Young Lee ........................................... 373
Gibberellic Acid Production by Free and Immobilized Cells in Different Culture Systems
Enrique Duran-Paramo, * Hector Molina-Jimenez, Marco A. Brito-Arias, and Fabian Robles-Martinez ...................... 381
Screening Genus Penicillium for Producers of Cellulolytic and Xylanolytic Enzymes
Kristian B. R. Krough, Astrid Merkeberg, Henning J ergensen, Jens C. Frisvad, and Lisbeth Olsson* ................................................ 389
Production of Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass Hydrolysates Using Genetically Engineered Saccharomyces Yeast Capable of Cofermenting Glucose and Xylose
Miroslav Sedlak and Nancy W. Y. Ho* ................................................. 403
Secondary Membranes for Flux Optimization in Membrane Filtration of Biologic Suspensions
Parag R. Nemade and Robert H. Davis* ............................................... 417
Enzymatic Synthesis of Monolaurin Carla C. B. Pereira, Monica A. P. da Silva,
and Marta A. P. Langone* ................................................................... 433
SESSION 3-BIOPROCESSING, INCLUDING SEPARATIONS
Introduction to Session 3 Dale A. Monceaux and David R. Short .................................................. 449
Contents
Evaluation of Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein, Under Various Culture Conditions and Purification with HiTrap Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Resins
Thereza Christina Vessoni Penna, * Marina Ishii, Adalberto Pessoa Junior, Laura de Oliveira Nascimento,
xiii
Luciana Cambricoli de Souza, and Olivia Cholewa ..................... 453
Thermal Stability of Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein (GFPuv) at Various pH Values
Thereza Christina Vessoni Penna, * Marina Ishii, Adalberto Pessoa Junior, and Olivia Cholewa .............................. 469
Evaluation of Optimization Techniques for an Extractive Alcoholic Fermentation Process
Aline C. da Costa* and Rubens Maciel Filho ....................................... 485
Yields from Glucose, Xylose, and Paper Sludge Hydrolysate During Hydrogen Production by the Extreme Thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus
Zs6fia Kadar, Truus de Vrije, Giel E. van Noorden, Miriam A. W. Budde, Zsolt Szengyel, Kati Reczey, and Pieternel A. M. Claassen* ............................................................ 497
Optimization of Steam Pretreatment of Corn Stover to Enhance Enzymatic Digestibility
Eniko Varga, Kati Reczey, * and Guido Zacchi .................................... 509
Selection of Anion Exchangers for Detoxification of Dilute-Acid Hydrolysates from Spruce
Ilona Sarvari Horvath, Anders Sjode, Nils-Olof Nilvebrant, Andrei Zagorodni, and Leif J. Jonsson* ............................................. 525
Ethanol Production in Immobilized-Cell Bioreactors from Mixed Sugar Syrups and Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Steam-Exploded Biomass
Isabella De Bari, * Daniela Cuna, Francesco Nanna, and Giacobbe Braccio ........................................................................... 539
Silymarin Extraction from Milk Thistle Using Hot Water Lijun Duan, Danielle Julie Carrier, and Edgar C. Clausen* ............... 559
Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Energy Crops Ching S. Lau, Danielle Julie Carrier, Luke R. Howard,
Jackson O. Lay Jr., Jean A. Archambault, and Edgar C. Clausen* ......................................................................... 569
Cellulase Retention and Sugar Removal by Membrane Ultrafiltration During Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysis
Jeffrey S. Knutsen and Robert H. Davis* ............................................... 585
xiv
Controlled Fed-Batch Fermentations of Dilute-Acid Hydrolysate in Pilot Development Unit Scale
Contents
Andreas Rudolf, * Mats Galbe, and Gunnar Liden ............................... 601
Degeneration of ~-Glucosidase Activity in a Foam Fractionation Process
Vorakan Burapatana, Ales Prokop, and Robert D. Tanner* ............ 619
Simultaneous Production of Nisin and Lactic Acid from Cheese Whey: Optimization of Fermentation Conditions Through Statistically Based Experimental Designs
Chuanbin Liu, Yan Liu, Wei Liao, Zhiyou Wen, and Shulin Chen* ................................................................................... 627
Effect of Process Parameters on Production of a Biopolymer by Rhizobium sp.
Flavia Pereira Duta, Francisca Pessoa De Franfa, * Eliana Flavia Camporese Servulo, Lea Maria De Almeida Lopes, Antonio Carlos Augusto Da Costa, and Ana Barros ...................... 639
Succinic Acid Adsorption from Fermentation Broth and Regeneration
Brian H. Davison, * Nhuan P. Nghiem, and Gerald L. Richardson .................................................................... 653
A Hollow-Fiber Membrane Extraction Process for Recovery and Separation of Lactic Acid from Aqueous Solution
Hanjing Huang, Shang-Tian Yang, * and David E. Ramey ................. 671
Evaluation of Tocopherol Recovery Through Simulation of Molecular Distillation Process
E. B. Moraes, C. B. Batistella, M. E. Torres Alvarez, Rubens Maciel Filho, and M. R. Wolf Maciel* ................................ 689
High-Productivity Continuous Biofilm Reactor for Butanol Production: Effect of Acetate, Butyrate, and Corn Steep Liquor on Bioreactor Performance
Nasib Qureshi, * Patrick Karcher, Michael Cotta, and Hans P. Blaschek ........................................................................... 713
Measurement of Rheology of Distiller's Grain Slurries Using a Helical Impeller Viscometer
Tiffany L. Houchin and Thomas R. Hanley* ..............•......................•.. 723
Computation Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Redesign of a Screw Conveyor Reactor
Yinkun Wan and Thomas R. Hanley* .................................................... 733
Contents
Production of Biodiesel Fuel by Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil Gwi-Taek Jeong, Don-Hee Park,* Choon-Hyoung Kang,
Woo-Tai Lee, Chang-Shin Sunwoo, Chung-Han Yoon, Byung-Chul Choi, Hae-Sung Kim, Si-Wouk Kim,
xv
and Un-Taek Lee .................................................................................... 747
Volume 115
SESSION 4-BIOTECHNOLOCY FOR FUELS AND CHEMICALS
PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
Introduction to Session 4 Charles D. Scott* and Charles E. Wyman ............................................. 761
Origins of and Changes in the Symposium Series on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals
Charles D. Scott ......................................................................................... 765
Optimization of Enzymatic Production of Biodiesel from Castor Oil in Organic Solvent Medium
Debora de Oliveira, Marco Di Luccio, Carina Faccio, Clarissa Dalla Rose, Joao Paulo Bender, Nadia Lipke, Silvana Menoncin, Cristiana Amroginski, and Jose Vladimir de Oliveira* ........................................................... 771
Two-Step Preparation for Catalyst-Free Biodiesel Fuel Production: Hydrolysis and Methyl Esterification
Dadan Kusdiana and Shiro Saka * .......................................................... 781
Biodiesel Fuel from Vegetable Oil by Various Supercritical Alcohols
Yuichiro Warabi, Dadan Kusdiana, and Shiro Saka* ......................... 793
SESSION 5-BIOBASED INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
Introduction to Session 5 Douglas C. Cameron and Jeff Lievense .................................................. 805
Effects of Trace Contaminants on Catalytic Processing of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks
Douglas C. Elliott, * Keith L. Peterson, Danielle S. Muzatko, Eric V. Alderson, Todd R. Hart, and Gary G. Neuenschwander ............................................................. 807
Characterization of Surfactin from Bacillus subtilis for Application as an Agent for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Kastli D. Schaller, * Sandra L. Fox, Debby F. Bruhn, Karl S. Noah, and Gregory A. Bala .................................................... 827
XVI
Effect of Germ and Fiber Removal on Production of Ethanol from Corn
Elankovan Ponnampalam, * D. Bernie Steele,
Contents
Deborah Burgdorf, and Darold McCalla ........................................... 837
Production of Fumaric Acid Using Rice Bran and Subsequent Conversion to Succinic Acid Through a Two-Step Process
Se-Kwon Moon, Young-Jung Wee, Jong-Sun Yun, and Hwa-Won Ryu* ............................................................................. 843
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Glutamic Acid Johnathan E. Holladay, * Todd A. Werpy,
and Danielle S. Muzatko ..................................................................... 857
Opportunities in the Industrial Biobased Products Industry Tracy M. Carole, * Joan Pellegrino, and Mark D. Paster .................... 871
Continuous Production of Butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum Immobilized in a Fibrous Bed Bioreactor
Wei-Cho Huang, David E. Ramey, and Shang-Tian Yang* ................ 887
Lipopeptide Surfactant Production by Bacillus subtilis Grown on Low-Cost Raw Materials
Fabiula A. S. L. Reis, Eliana Flavia C. Servulo, * and Francisca P. de Fran~a .................................................................. 899
Higher-Alcohols Biorefinery: Improvement of Catalyst for Ethanol Conversion
Edwin S. Olson, * Ramesh K. Sharma, and Ted R. Aulich .................. 913
SESSION 6A-BIOMASS PRETREATMENT AND HYDROLYSIS
Introduction to Session 6A Yong Y. Lee and Bruce E. Dale ................................................................. 935
Fermentation of "Quick Fiber" Produced from a Modified Corn-Milling Process into Ethanol and Recovery of Corn Fiber Oil
Bruce S. Dien, * Nick Nagle, Kevin B. Hicks, Vijay Singh, Robert A. Moreau, Melvin P. Tucker, Nancy N. Nichols, David B. Johnston, Michael A. Cotta, Quang Nguyen, and Rodney J. Bothast .......................................................................... 937
Ammonia Fiber Explosion Treatment of Corn Stover Farzaneh Teymouri, Lizbeth Laureano-Perez,
Hasan Alizadeh, and Bruce E. Dale* ................................................. 951
Initial Evaluation of Simple Mass Transfer Models to Describe Hemicellulose Hydrolysis in Corn Stover
Michael A. Brennan and Charles E. Wyman* ....................................... 965
Contents
Impact of Fluid Velocity on Hot Water Only Pretreatment of Corn Stover in a Flowthrough Reactor
xvii
Chaogang Liu and Charles E. Wyman* ................................................. 977
Combined Steam Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Starch-Free Wheat Fibers
Beatriz Palmarola-Adrados, Mats Galbe, and Guido Zacchi* ......... 989
Application of Xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus IOC-414S for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corncob and Sugarcane Bagasse
Monica Caramez Triches Damaso, Aline Machado de Castro, Raquel Machado Castro, Carolina Maria M. C. Andrade, and Nei Pereira Jr. * ............................................................................. 1003
Predicted Effects of Mineral Neutralization and Bisulfate Formation on Hydrogen Ion Concentration for Dilute Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment
Todd A. Lloyd and Charles E. Wyman * ............................................... 1013
Enhancement of Enzymatic Digestibility of Recycled Newspaper by Addition of Surfactant in Ammonia-Hydrogen Peroxide Pretreatment
Sung Bae Kim* and Jin Won Chun ........................................................ 1023
Study on Methane Fermentation and Production of Vitamin B12 from Alcohol Waste Slurry
Zhenya Zhang, * Taisheng Quan, Pomin Li, Yansheng Zhang, Norio Sugiura, and Takaaki Maekawa ........................................... 1033
Comparison of Two Posthydrolysis Processes of Brewery's Spent Grain Autohydrolysis Liquor to Produce a Pentose-Containing Culture Medium
Luis C. Duate, Florbela Carvalheiro, Sonia Lopes, Susana Marques, Juan Carlos Parajo, and Francisco M. Girio* ..................................................................... 1041
Optimization of Brewery's Spent Grain Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis for the Production of Pentose-Rich Culture Media
Florbela Carvalheiro, Luis C. Duarte, Raquel Medeiros, and Francisco M. Girio* ..................................................................... 1059
Comparison of Microbial Inhibition and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Rates of Liquid and Solid Fractions Produced from Pretreatment of Biomass with Carbonic Acid and Liquid Hot Water
Damon M. Yourchisin and G. Peter Van Walsum* ............................ 1073
XVIII
Modeling of Carbonic Acid Pretreatment Process Using ASPEN-Plus®
Contents
Kemantha Jayawardhana and G. Peter Van Walsum* ..................... 1087
Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Steam-Exploded Douglas Fir Wood by Alkali-Oxygen Post-treatment
Xuejun Pan, Xiao Zhang, David J. Gregg, and John N. Saddler* .... 1103
Effects of Sugar Inhibition on Cellulases and f3-Glucosidase During Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Softwood Substrates
Zhizhuang Xiao, Xiao Zhang, David J. Gregg, and John N. Saddler* .......................................................................... 1115
Kinetics of Glucose Decomposition During Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Qian Xiang, Yong Y. Lee, * and Robert W. Torget .............................. 1127
Conversion of Distiller's Grain into Fuel Alcohol and a Higher-Value Animal Feed by Dilute-Acid Pretreatment
Melvin P. Tucker, * Nicholas J. Nagle, Edward W. Jennings, Kelly N. Ibsen, Andy Aden, Quang A. Nguyen, Kyoung H. Kim, and Sally L. Noll .................................................... 1139
Volume 116
SESSION 6B-PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND FEEDSTOCK GENOMICS
Introduction to Session 6B James S. McLaren and Steven R. Thomas ........................................... 1163
Expression of UDP-Glucose Dehydrogenase Reduces Cell-Wall Polysaccharide Concentration and Increases Xylose Content in Alfalfa Stems
Deborah A. Samac, * Lynn Litterer, Glena Temple, Hans-Joachim G. Jung, and David A. Somers ............................... 1167
Effects of Ammonia Fiber Explosion Treatment on Activity of Endoglucanase from Acidothermus cellulolyticus in Transgenic Plant
Farzaneh Teymouri, Hasan Alizadeh, Lizbeth Laureano-Perez, Bruce Dale, * and Mariam Sticklen ................................................... 1183
Effects of Inoculum Conditions on Growth of Hairy Roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer
Gwi-Taek Jeong, Don-Hee Park, * Hwa-Won Ryu, Baik Hwang, and Je-Chang Woo ..................................................... 1193
Contents xix
SPECIAL SESSION A-MICROBIAL PENTOSE METABOLISM
Introduction to Special Session A Barbel Hahn-Hagerdal and Neville Pamment .................................. 1207
SPECIAL SESSION B-INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCy-BIOENERGY
CURRENT STATE OF FUEL ETHANOL COMMERCIALIZATION
Introduction to Special Session B Warren E. Mabee, David J. Gregg, and John N. Saddler ................... 1213
Author Index ................................................................................................. 1215
Subject Index ................................................................................................. 1219