blair_2000_local governance in six countries

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Participation and Accountability at the Periphery: Democratic Local Governance in Six Countries HARRY BLAIR * Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA Summary. Ð Democratic local governance (DLG), now a major subtheme within the overall context of democratic development, promises that government at the local level can become more responsive to citizen desires and more eective in service delivery. Based on a six-country study sponsored by USAID (Bolivia, Honduras, India, Mali, the Philippines and Ukraine), this paper analyzes the two topics of participation and accountability, ®nding that both show signi®cant potential for promoting DLG, though there seem to be important limitations on how much participation can actually deliver, and accountability covers a much wider range of activity and larger scope for DLG strategy than initially appears. Ó 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Key words Ð democracy, decentralization, participation, accountability 1. INTRODUCTION As democratization generally has assumed a central role in the developing world over the past decade in both reality and international donor thinking, democratic decentralization has also taken on increased importance. Re- gimes have found themselves having to de- mocratize at the local as well as at the national level, and donors have been attentive to sup- porting such initiatives. The major promise of democratic decentralization, or democratic lo- cal governance (DLG) as it will be called in this paper, is that by building popular participation and accountability into local governance, gov- ernment at the local level will become more responsive to citizen desires and more eective in service delivery. In this paper, I will endeavor to analyze the two themes of participation and accountability in DLG in the context of a six-country study sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) during 1996-97. The central ®ndings show both aspects exhibiting signi®cant potential for promoting DLG, though there seem to be important lim- itations on how much participation can actu- ally deliver, and accountability covers a much wider range of activity and larger scope for DLG strategy than appears at ®rst glance. Fi- nally, I will bring both aspects together to present a picture of their centrality to the gen- eral process of DLG. (a) Democratic local governance as a donor initiative in the 1990s Democratic local governance as it is em- ployed in this paper combines the devolution- ary form of decentralization (in which real authority and responsibility are transferred to local bodies) with democracy at the local lev- el. 1 Accordingly, it can be de®ned as mean- ingful authority devolved to local units of governance that are accessible and accountable to the local citizenry, who enjoy full political rights and liberty. It thus diers from the vast majority of earlier eorts at decentralization in developing areas, which go back to the 1950s, and which were largely initiatives in public administration without any serious democratic component. 2 This new mode of support for decentraliza- tion emerged in the later 1980s, in the wake of the democratization wave that swept so many countries toward the end of that decade and World Development Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 21±39, 2000 Ó 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain 0305-750X/00/$ - see front matter PII: S0305-750X(99)00109-6 www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev * Research reported in this paper was sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development, but interpretations or conclusions presented here do not necessarily re¯ect USAID thinking or policy. They are the responsibility of the author, along with any errors or shortcoming. An earlier version of the paper was prepared for the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, 3±6 September 1998, in Boston, MA. Final revision accepted: 25 May 1999. 21

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Page 1: Blair_2000_Local Governance in Six Countries

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Page 5: Blair_2000_Local Governance in Six Countries

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