Blending Digital and Face-to-face Interaction using Co-located

Social Media in the Classroom

Adrian Holzer

Shared Messages

Anonymity

Messages

Know others

opinions

Shyness

Participate

Get feedback

Issues are

invisible

Ratings

Address students’ issues

SpeakUp

First mockup

First version

Second version

SUS Good-Excellent usability83

5’700

39K

Since November 2013

27K66’00010’000

RQ1 How can co-located social media affect interaction in classroom audiences? RQ2 How to design for a synergy between digital and face-to-face interaction?

RQ1 How can co-located social media affect interaction in classroom audiences?

Evaluations

2025

11Courses

Students

61 Lectures

Responses412

0

150

300

450

600

Number of Students

M=100

0

300

600

900

1200Number of Messages

M=119

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

Number of Votes

M=1206

1 Prof

100 Students 200 Students

Monday Wednesday

223 responses

4 hours every week for 6 weeks

More interaction?

Week1

60

30

0 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6

Num

ber o

f int

erac

tions

More interaction with SpeakUp

No SpeakUp

SpeakUp

What kind of interaction?

Generally good! Positive comments in course evaluations (N=141)

All comments on the ComA course evaluation related to SpeakUp verbatim

U"lisa"on  à  l'app  SpeakUp  à  généraliser.  

Réguler  speak  up.

Les  professeurs  sont  vraiment  impliqués  !  Le  cours  est  beau,  bien  préparé  !  +  SpeakUp  

Les  profs  ont  été  toujours  clairs.  L'u6lisa6on  de  SpeakUp  

Ajouter  des  clickers.  SpeakUp  intéressant  mais  pas  performant.  

😀

😀

😀

😐

#

ContentI don’t understand differentiation by product compared to conformity+35

OrganisationBe careful with the background color of your slides, the text is sometimes hard to read

+5

Not relevant

We’re qualified-46

Interactions were coded in three categories

Week1

60

30

0 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6

Num

ber o

f int

erac

tions

No SpeakUp

SpeakUp

60

30

0

Num

ber o

f int

erac

tions

Not relevant

F2F Content

ContentOrganisation

Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6Many of the interactions are not relevant to to teacher

What kind of non relevant messages?

Lecture relatedLook for the sickest marlboro ad ever+1

FunChuck Norris is the biggest blood donor, but it’s never his own+3

SocialPez, do you wanna marry me?+2

NewsWe’re qualified-43

We’ve been qualified for a month+29

We further coded the interactions not relevant to the teacher in four categories

60

30

0

Num

ber o

f int

erac

tions

Not relevant

F2F Content

ContentOrganisation

Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6

60

30

0

Num

ber o

f int

erac

tions

Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6

Not relevant

60

30

0

Num

ber o

f int

erac

tions

Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6

MiscFun

Social

News

Lecture

30

0

Num

ber o

f int

erac

tions

60

Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6Unrelated interactions are of many types

Social

News

Lecture

MiscFun

How can we filter these

messages?

Lecture related

Fun

Social

News

Misc

Social voting

Mixed results, doesn’t always work, there are many instances of false positive

Theoretically we would like to easily identify the bad apples

Num

ber o

f goo

d m

essa

ges

Number of bad messages

10

5

05 10

Ban bad apples

Ban bad apples

Theoretically we would like to easily identify the bad apples

Num

ber o

f goo

d m

essa

ges

Number of bad messages

10

5

05 10

😇

😈 😈

😇

😇😇

😇

😇

😇

😈

😈😈😇

Practically It looks a bit more messy

Num

ber o

f goo

d m

essa

ges

Number of bad messages

10

5

05 10

😇😇😇

😈😈

😋😋

😋

😋

😋😋😋😋 😋

😋

😋Ban bad apples

Require identity

Might work, but can backfire and reduce interaction

Censorship

Our experience has shown that it can backfire, peer tagging is to be tested

IS12

F2F etiquette

Our experience has shown that it can work well

Com14PM13IS12

Backchannel

Front channel

Are interactions directed to lecturers or peers?

60

30

0

Num

ber o

f int

erac

tions

Not relevant

F2F Content

ContentOrganisation

Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6

Week6

60

30

0

Num

ber o

f int

erac

tions

Not relevantRelevant

Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5

30

0

Num

ber o

f int

erac

tions

Not relevantRelevant

15

Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week6

Not relevantRelevant

Front channel Back channel

Front channel interactions are almost all relevant, most backchannel is noise

Students want to keep a backchannel open

Tag relevant messages

Can potentially hide the messages from the lecturer

@prof

RQ1 How can co-located social media affect interaction in classroom audiences?

co-located Social Media can improve interactions in the classroom

Interactions are of a rich mix of kinds on both the front and back channels

anonymity increases interaction but can also lead to non-relevant messages

RQ1 How can co-located social media affect interaction in classroom audiences? RQ2 How to design for a synergy between digital and face-to-face interaction?

RQ2 How to design for a synergy between digital and face-to-face interaction?

Guideline 1 – Facilitate access with little or no registration

Guideline 2 – Facilitate usage with simple features

Design for first use

Guideline 3 – Provide concealed identity

Design for more digital interactionGuideline 4 – Design for privacy

Guideline 5 – Make the interaction temporary

Guideline 6 – Make use of f2f etiquette to guide digital interaction

Design for richer digital interaction

Guideline 7 – Embrace the backchannel and try to separate it from the front channel

Guideline 8 – Design for awareness

Design for digital f2f transitions

Guideline 9 – Design for reflection

RQ2 How to design for a synergy between digital and face-to-face interaction?

Facilitate first use, get users onboard

Improve content, more and better interaction

Improve action, more awareness during and after the interaction

Questions?