blood disease

8/10/2019 Blood Disease

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BLOOD DISEASES


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Amyloidosis is a group of diseases in which abnormalproteins, called amyloid proteins, accumulate in organs

or organ systems such as the heart, kidneys, nervoussystem or gastrointestinal tract.

There are different types of amyloidosis, dependent onthe type of protein being deposited in tissues.

AMYLODOSIS

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The word anemia is derived from the ancient Greek word anaimi,meaning "lack of blood." In medicine, anemia refers to a

decreased number of circulating red blood cells.

Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to other tissues.Therefore, anemia symptoms usually relate to the tissues not

receiving enough oxygen.

Mild anemia may cause minimal to no symptoms. With

progressively worsening anemia, or anemia with sudden onset,people often experience fatigue or shortness of breath. Anemiacan also cause pale skin, and if severe enough, a rapid heart rate.Some types of anemia can make the skin and the white part of

the eyes turn yellow.

ANEMIA



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Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder caused by a lack of bloodclotting factor. The disorder can be mild, moderate or severe,

depending on the level of clotting factor.

The condition is usually inherited from a parent with a geneticmutation. However, in about a third of patients, there is no familyhistory of the disease and the disorder is caused by a new genetic

mutation.

Although most children with hemophilia have signs of bleedingduring infancy or childhood, some people with mild hemophilia

may not have symptoms until they're adults.

HEMOPHILIA



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Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), also known as immune oridiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, is a blood disorder in

which the immune system destroys platelets. As a result, peoplewith ITP develop low platelet counts. This can cause red or

purple dots on the skin and problems with easy bruising,nosebleeds, blood blisters in the mouth or internal bleeding.

Generally, people have about 140,000 to 450,000 platelets permicroliter of blood at any given time. In people with ITP,

however, the immune system produces antibodies that bind toplatelets. The antibody-coated platelets are then removed fromthe patients bloodstream by the spleen, an internal organ next to

the stomach that is part of the lymphatic system. This causes thelow platelet count.

IDIOPATHIC

THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA



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Leukemia is cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, includingthe bone marrow and lymph system. When this condition occurs,bone marrow produces a large number of abnormal white bloodcellsor, in some cases, a large number of red blood cells or

platelets.

Normal white blood cells are potent infection fighters. But inpeople with leukemia, abnormal white blood cells tend to

accumulate, blocking production of normal white blood cells andimpairing the ability to fight infection.

LEUKIMIA



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Lymphoma is a general term for cancer that develops in thelymphatic system, the part of your immune system that helps

fight disease and infection.

In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, tumors develop from white bloodcells called lymphocytes, often at different locations in your body.

Normally, lymphocytes go through a predictable life cycle. Oldlymphocytes die and your body creates new ones to replace them.

But in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, your body produces abnormallymphocytes that continue to divide and grow without control.This excess of lymphocytes crowds into your lymph nodes,

causing them to swell.

LYMPHOMA

(NON-HODGKINS)



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In Hodgkin's lymphoma, cells in the lymphatic system growabnormally and may spread beyond the lymphatic system. As the

condition progresses, it compromises your body's ability to fightinfection and symptoms appear. Many symptoms may be similar

to those of flu, such as fever, fatigue and night sweats. Eventually,tumors develop. Hodgkin's lymphoma usually affects people

between the ages of 15 to 35 and those older than 55.

LYMPHOMA

(HODGKINS)



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Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) refer to a group of disordersin which the bone marrow stem cellsthe primitive cells that

give rise to all the different types of blood cellsare defective,causing an inadequate production of blood cells. Patients withMDS usually suffer from low counts of red blood cells, white

blood cells or platelets, or a combination.

MDS was previously mischaracterized as "pre-leukemia" or

"smoldering" leukemia because of its tendency to transform intoacute myeloid leukemia.

MYELODYSPLASTIC

SYNDROMES

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Myeloproliferative neoplasms, or MPNsalso calledmyeloproliferative disorders, or MPDsare a collection of

blood disorders that are believed to be caused by mutations inbone marrow stem cells. These stem cells normally give rise to

mature cells found in the blood, such as red blood cells, whichcarry oxygen, white blood cells, which fight infection, and

platelets, which facilitate blood clotting. In MPN, mutations causethe affected stem cells to produce an abnormal number of these

cells.The molecular causes of the majority of MPN cases have beenidentifiedmutations in the genes JAK2 and ABL are found in

nearly all patients with polycythemia vera and chronic myeloid

leukemia, respectively.

MYELOPROLIFERATIVE



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Thrombosis (throm-BO-sis) refers to the formation of a bloodclot in a blood vessel. While clots can form in an artery or a vein,this article focuses only on clots that occur in veins, called venous

thrombosis.

he clot, or "thrombus," blocks or impairs blood flow in the vein,leading to symptoms and secondary complications.

Embolism (EM-bo-lizm) refers to the sudden blockage of ablood vessel from a clot or other material. Unlike a thrombus that

develops at the site of blockage, an embolism originates in onelocation in the body and travels to a second site where it causes

the blockage.

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

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