blstst burns sting bite

8/6/2019 BLSTST Burns Sting Bite

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+

MODULE 3:(i) BURN INJURIES

(ii) STING

(iii) BITE


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+(i) BURN INJURIES

In medicine, a burn may be an

injury caused by heat, cold,electricity, chemicals, friction or

radiation (e.g. a sunburn).


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+Classification of Burns

Nomencl

ature

Traditional nomenclature Depth Clinical

Findings

Superficia

l thickness

First

degree

Epidermis

involvement

Erythema, minor

pain, lack of

blisters

Partialthickness-

superficial

Seconddegree Superficial(papillary)

dermis

Blisters, clearfluid and pain

Partial

thickness-

deep

Deep

(reticular) dermis

Whiter

appearance, with

decreased pain.

Difficult to

distinguish from

full thickness

Full

thickness

Third-

or

fourth-

degree

Dermis and

underlying

tissue and

possibly

fascia,bone, or muscle

Hard, leather-like

eschar, purple

fluid, no

sensation

(insensate)


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+ How to assess burns?

Rule of Nines


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+Management

Stop the burning process.

With dry powder burns, the powder should be brushed off first.

Rinsed with a large amount of clean water at affected site to removeforeign bodies.

Cold water should never be applied to any person with extensive

burns, as it may severely compromise the burn victim's temperaturestatus.

Assess airway status.

Must be assumed that the patient has sustained inhalation injuryuntil proven otherwise

Fluid replacement

Treatment of low-grade burns (first- and second-degree burns)

Local anesthetic (Lidocaine)


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+(ii) BEE STING


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+ Management Removal of the barbed stinger.

Reduce pain and swelling with a cold compress.

Many traditional remedies have been suggested forbee stings including

damp pastes of tobacco

salt

baking soda

meat tenderizer

toothpaste

clay

aspirin

ice

Note:

Bee venom is acidic.

These interventions

are often recommended

to neutralize the venom.

However, these interventions are not scientifically proven yet!


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+Snake Bite

Not all snakes arepoisonous.

Not all poisonoussnakes are fullycharged with venom.

Even those that arefully charged do notalways inject a lethaldose


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+Main Goal

To support patients until theyarrive at the emergency

department.

1.Avoiding excessive activity.

2. Immobilizing the bitten extremity.

3. Quickly transporting the victim to

the nearest hospital.


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+Reassurance helps reduce anxiety

related high blood pressure,palpitations, tremors, sweating and

rapid breathing.

Check if the bite is due to a poisonousor a non-poisonous snake.

Try to identify the snake.

If possible kill and take the snake

along to the hospital.


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+Restrict activity and immobilize the

affected area (commonly an

extremity).

Keep walking to a minimum.

Try and keep bitten extremity at bodylevel, when the person is lying.

Raising it can cause venom to travel into

the body.Holding it down, can increase swelling.


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+ ONLY For Presenter!A wide, flat constriction band may be applied proximal

to the bite to block only superficial venous and

lymphatic flow (typically, with about 20 mm Hgpressure) and should be left in place until antivenintherapy, if indicated, is begun.

One or two fingers should easily slide beneath thisband, since any impairment of arterial blood flow could

increase tissue death.

Upper extremities should be splinted as close to agravity-neutral position as possible, preferably at heartlevel.

No study has shown any benefit in survival or outcomefrom incision and suction.

However, a venom extractor can be beneficial ifapplied within five minutes of the bite and left in placefor 30 minutes


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+Do not make an incision in the field.

Immediately transfer to definitive care.

Do not give antivenin in the field.

A patient bitten by a cobra or krait if not dead

in 2 hours will probably recover rapidly.

A patient bitten by a viper is

in danger for a much longer time.

blstst burns sting bite

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