bmjvgx a bxwz: cwipq i welqe¯‘ - bangladesh open university · gmgmgbpgj evsjv‡`k dš§y³...

GmGmGBPGj evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

c„ôv-1

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ: cwiPq I welqe¯‘

f‚wgKv

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ Bmjvgx mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kvLv| GwU gymwjg Rb‡Mvôxi wek¦v‡mi

Av‡jv‡K Bmjvgx kixAv wb‡ ©wkZ eë¯’v| gymwjg Rxeb `k©‡bi ev¯Íevqb G A_© eë¯’vq cwijw¶Z nq|

GwU cÖMwZkxj welq wn‡m‡e Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ, Bmjvgx Rxeb `k©b, K…wó I mf¨Zv mewKQy GKB m~‡Î

Muv_v| gvby‡li e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK, AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZwU †¶‡Î Avjøvn cÖ Ë I gnvbex (m)

cÖ wk©Z Rxeb-weavb Abyhvqx mvwe©K Kj¨vY mva‡bi j‡¶¨ cvw_©e m¤c`‡K h_vh_fv‡e Kv‡R jvwM‡q

Drcv`b, eÈb, †fvM I eënviB Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi g~j K_v| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi cwiwa I welqe¯‘i

g‡a¨ ivóªxq I mgwóMZ DcvR©b, e¨q, wewb‡qvM, †fvM, eÈb, A_© †jb‡`b, kªg, g~jab, Drcv`b,

msMVb, f‚wg, ivR¯, Ki, FY`vb I MÖnY, hvKvZ, mv`Kvn I f‚wg eë¯’vcbv BZ¨vw` hv wKQy Rxeb

DcKi‡Yi mv‡_ m¤c„³ †m mKj welq Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi AšÍfz©³| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi g~jbxwZ n‡PQ

mKj †¶‡Î Avgi wej gvi~d Ges bvwn Avwbj gybKv‡ii ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g ZvhwKqv I ZvKIqv AR©b|

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ KziAvb-nv`xm wbf©i weavq gvbe iwPZ A_© eë¯’v n‡Z GwU Abb¨ êwkó¨ gwÛZ| Gi

DcvR©b c×wZ, eÈbixwZ, gvwjKvbv, DËivwaKvi-AvBb, kªgbxwZ, my`wenxb e¨vswKs c×wZ,

RbKj¨vYg~jK Kg©KvÛ ees eëmv evwY‡Rï ¯^”QZv cÖPwjZ eë¯’v n‡Z DbœZ I ¯PQ| abZvwš¿K Ges

mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vi mv‡_ Gi h‡_ó I D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q| m‡e©vcwi Bmjvgx

A_©eë¯’v gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK wbivcËv weavb K‡i‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ BDwb‡U G welq¸‡jvB Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|

Av‡jvPbvi myweavi Rb¨ G BDwbU‡K 6wU cv‡V wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU

1

G BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc-

cvV-1 : Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi cwiPq, welqe¯‘ I ¸iæZ¡|

cvV-2 : Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi g~jbxwZ|

cvV-3 : Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi êwkó¨|

cvV-4 : abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi mv‡_ Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi Zzjbv|

cvV-5 : mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi mv‡_ Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi Zzjbv|

cvV-6 : A_©‰bwZK wbivcËvq Bmjvg|

BmjvwgK ÷vwWR-5: Bmjvgx A_© eë ’v weG/weGmGm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU-1: Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ: cwiPq I welqe ‘ c„ôv- 2

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi cwiPq, welqe¯‘ I ¸iæZ¡

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV Aa¨qb K‡i Avcwb-

A_©bxwZi msÁv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wewfbœ A_©bxwZwe‡ì cÖ Ë msÁv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘ m¤‡Ü wewfbœ A_©bxwZwe`‡ì gZvgZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi wfwË ev `k©b ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi cwiwa I welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡eb|

A_©bxwZi cwiPq

A_©bxwZ mvgvwRKweÁv‡bi GKwU e„nËg kvLv| GUv mgvRe× gvby‡li Avw_©K welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i|

A_©bxwZi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã n‡”Q Economics| wMÖK Oikonomi †_‡K Economics kãwU G‡m‡Q| hvi

AvwfavwbK A_© ÔAvw_©K welqvwì eë¯’vcbvÕ| ZvB A_©bxwZ ej‡Z Ggb GK welq eySvq hv gvby‡li

A_©msµvšÍ welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| GwU gvby‡li Rxe‡bi cÖwZ”Qwe| mgvRe× †KD mqsm¤ú~Y© bq|

Zviv ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ wbf©ikxj| Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb I Pvwn`v Acwimxg| wKš‘ Zv‡ì kw³ I mvg_©

mxwgZ| cvi¯úwiK †jb‡`‡bi gva¨‡gB Zviv wb‡R‡ì Afve-AbUb ~i K‡i _v‡K| GRb¨ gvbe mgv‡R

wewbgq cÖ_v D™¢e n‡q‡Q| cÖv_wgK hy‡M ªe¨ wewbgq eë¯’v Pvjy wQj| c‡i Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í gy ªv wewbgq cÖ_v

Pvjy nq| myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q, gvbe RvwZi m¤cÖmviY, ¶gZv I jf¨ m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y I

Afv‡ei m~Î a‡i A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi D™¢e n‡q‡Q| A_©bxwZ GKwU MwZkxj (Dynamics) kv¯¿ e‡j

wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ A_©bxwZwe‡ì †`qv eû msÁv AvR h_v_©Zv I Kvh©KvwiZv nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q|

A_©bxwZi msÁv wb‡q A‡bK gZv‰bK¨ i‡q‡Q| mgq I mf¨Zvi AMÖhvÎvi mv‡_ mv‡_ A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û

cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j A_©bxwZi msÁvqI bvbv cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| wMÖK `vk©wbK Gwi÷U‡ji

g‡Z, A_©bxwZ n‡”Q- The art of managing the house hold. A_©bxwZ n‡”Q msmvi cwiPvjbvi

Kjv‡KŠkj| wKš‘ AvaywbK hy‡Mi A_©bxwZweìv Zuvi G msÁv gvb‡Z ivRx bb| Zviv A_©bxwZi wewfbœ

msÁv w`‡q A_©bxwZ‡K Av‡iv mg„× I m¤cÖmviY K‡i‡Qb| wb‡¤œ A_©bxwZi KwZcq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msÁv

cÖ vb Kiv nj-

1. weªwUk A_©bxwZwe` Avj‡d«W gvk©v‡ji (Alfred Marshal) fvlvq, A_©bxwZ n‡”Q gvbe Rxe‡bi

mvaviY welqmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv| G msÁv Abyhvqx GKw`‡K m¤ú` Ab¨w`‡K gvbyl I Zvi g½j

A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq| G msÁvwU A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘‡K AZ¨šÍ we¯Í…Z I Awbw ©ó K‡i w`‡q‡Q|

ejv nq, êÁvwbK m~²Zv I wbw ©óZv gvk©v‡ji msÁvqI †bB|

2. 1892 wLª÷v‡ã Economics of Industry bvgK MÖ‡š’ Avj‡d«W gvk©vj e‡jb, Economics is the study of mankind in the ordinary business of life. ÒA_©bxwZ n‡”Q gvbe Rxe‡bi mvaviY

welqmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|Ó gvk©v‡ii msÁvq gvbe Rxe‡bi mvaviY gvbweK w`‡Ki cÖwZ j¶¨ ivLv

n‡q‡Q| d‡j m¤ú‡ì mv‡_ A_©bxwZi j¶ë¯‘ _vKj gvbe Kj¨vYg~jK| gvk©v‡ji msÁvi

mgv‡jvPbvq †hme we‡kl w`K dz‡U I‡V‡Q Zv n‡”Q, m¤ú` eënv‡ii Abykxjb| GUv gvbeKj¨vY

agx©| GUv gvbyl‡K me© v ¯v_©ev`x e‡j wPwýZ K‡i bv| m‡e©vcwi GUv GKwU mvgvwRK weÁvb|

3. 1776 mv‡j weª‡U‡bi L¨vZbvgv A_©bxwZwe` G¨vWvg w¯§_ (Adam Smith) me©cÖ_g GKwU A_© kv¯¿

wn‡m‡e A_©bxwZi msÁv wbiƒcY K‡i e‡jb- ÒA_©bxwZ Ggb GKwU weÁvb hv RvwZ¸‡jvi m¤ú‡ì

cÖK…wZ I KviY AbymÜvb K‡i|Ó (Economics is a science which enquires into the nature

cvV t 1


c„ôv-3

and causes of the wealth of the nations.) Zuvi g‡Z, A_©bxwZ m¤ú‡ì weÁvb| wKš‘ G msÁvwU

mxwgZ I Am¤ú~Y©| GLv‡b m¤ú‡ì cÖK…Z e¨vL¨v †bB| Avi m¤ú`B gvbe Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨

bq| eis GwU gvbe Kj¨v‡Yi GKwU Dcvq gvÎ|

4. Aa¨vcK wjI‡bj iweb‡mi (Lionel Robbins) g‡Z, ÒA_©bxwZ Ggb GKwU weÁvb, hv Amxg

Pvwn`v I weKí eënvi‡hvM¨ mxgve× Dcv‡qi g‡a¨ mgšq mva‡bi gvbe AvPiY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

K‡i|Ó G msÁvq m¤ú` ev Kj¨vY †KvbwUi D‡jøL †bB| gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi Ges eënvh©

DcKiY¸‡jvi AcÖvPz‡h©i D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|

5. Avj‡d«W gvk©vj Zuvi Economics of Industry MÖ‡š’ A_©bxwZi †h msÁv I welqe¯‘ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb

†m wel‡q iweb‡mi mgv‡jvPbv Ic‡i Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z 1892 wLª÷v‡ã gvk©v‡ji D³ cy¯ÍK

iPbvi 41 eQi c‡i 1933 wLª÷v‡ã wjI‡bj iweb‡mi D³ mgv‡jvPbv myax gn‡j †ek Av‡jvob

m„wó K‡i‡Q| Aek¨ Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`‡ì Kv‡Q iweb‡mi mgv‡jvPbv A‡bKLvwbB MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|

hv‡nvK, jÛb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK iwebm gvk©v‡ji mgv‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡RB A_©bxwZi GKwU

msÁv w`‡q‡Qb hv cvðvZ¨ RM‡Z mvov RvMv‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| A_©bxwZ m¤ú‡K© iwebm wb¤œiƒc msÁv

w`‡q‡Qb| Econimics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses A_©vr weKí eënvi‡hvM¨

AcÖZzj DcKiY¸‡jvi †fZ‡i †h¸‡jv gvby‡li cÖ‡qvR‡b jv‡M †m¸‡jvi mv‡_ gvb‡ei m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b

gvbexq AvPiY ch©v‡jvPbvi kv¯¿‡K A_©bxwZ e‡j|

6. †R. Gm. wgj (J.S.Mill) e‡jb, ÒA_©bxwZ n‡”Q m¤ú` Drcv`b I eÈ‡bi eënvwiK kv¯¿|Ó

7. †R. we. †m (J.B.Say) e‡jb- ÒA_©bxwZ ab m¤úwK©Z welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i|Ó

GWDBb K¨vb¨vb (Eduin Cannan)-Gi g‡Z, ÒA_©bxwZ êlwqK Kj¨v‡Yi Dcvq msµvšÍ

Av‡jvPbv|Ó (Econimics is a study of the causes of material welfare.) 8. cvðvZ¨ RM‡Z me©vwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ msÁvwU w`‡q‡Qb cÖL¨vZ A_©bxwZwe` eevi (Bober)| Zuvi g‡Z

Ò¯í DcKiYmg~‡ni weZiY, Kg©ms¯’vb I Av‡qi wba©viKmg~‡ni Av‡jvPbvB n‡”Q ms‡¶‡c

A_©bxwZ|Ó (Economics can be briefly defined as the study of it administration of scarce resources and determinants of employment and income.)

welqe ‘

A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘ wb‡q A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡a¨ wewfbœ gZ‡f` cwijw¶Z nq| e¨w³MZ I Av_©-mvgvwRK

Pvwn`vi cÖK…wZ, cwiwa Ges cwigv‡Yi µgvMZ cwieZ©‡bi d‡j A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘i e¨vcK cÖmvi

N‡U‡Q|

A_©bxwZ mgvRe× gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vejx wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| mgvRewnf~©Z, D`vmxb, êivMëv`x

Rxe‡b Af¨¯Í †jv‡Ki AvPiY A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq bq| A_©bxwZ A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vejxi Kj¨vYKi Ges

AKj¨vYKi w`KI Av‡jvPbv K‡i| †hgb- gv`K ªe¨vw`, ¯v‡¯’ i Rb¨ ¶wZKi welqvwì Drcv`b, eÈb

I †fvM †h AKj¨vYKi Zv A_©bxwZi cvV †_‡K Rvbv hvq| A_©bxwZ ïay mgm¨vB we‡kølY K‡i bv,

mgvav‡bi A_©wb‡ ©kI `vb K‡i|

gvbyl wKfv‡e mxwgZ m¤ú` Øviv Amxg Afve c~iY K‡i me©vwaK Z…wß jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i A_©bxwZ Zv wb‡q

Av‡jvPbv K‡i| mxwgZ †hvMvbwewkó Drcv`‡bi DcKiYmg~n‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wKfv‡e AwaK Drcv`b

Kiv hvq Ges wKfv‡e myôz I `¶ eÈb eë¯’vi gva¨‡g Rbgvby‡li mvwe©K Kj¨vY mvab Kiv hvq Zv-B

A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘i AšÍfy©³| AZxZ AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K wKfv‡e fwel¨r cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ges

ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g †`k I RvwZ‡K Dbœqb I AMÖMwZi w`‡K cwiPvwjZ Kiv hvq ZvI A_©bxwZi

Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘| GRb¨ A_©bxwZ‡K fwel¨‡Zi Av‡jvKw`kvix e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|

A_©kv‡¯¿i RbK e‡j cwiwPZ Bsj¨v‡Ûi L¨vZbvgv wPšÍvwe` GWvg w¯§_ me©cÖ_g 1776 mv‡j A_©kv¯¿

m¤ú‡K© c„_K Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| Zuvi g‡Z, A_©bxwZ n‡”Q m¤ú` ev A_© DcvR©‡bi cš’v| Avi ZvB A_©



DcvR©‡bi cš’v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbvB A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘| Zuvi G aviYv cieZx©Kv‡j †R. we. †m (J. B. Say) IqvKvi, Rb ÷zqvU© wgj cÖgyL K¬vwmK¨vj A_©bxwZwe` mg_©b K‡ib|

Avj‡d«W gvk©v‡ji g‡Z, ÒA_©bxwZi welqe¯‘ m¤ú` bq, eis Afve †gvPb msµvšÍ gvby‡li ˆ`bw›`b

Kvh©vejx| m¤ú` Afve †gvP‡bi Dcvq gvÎ|Ó gvk©vj Av‡iv e‡jb, Ògvby‡li eû KvR Av‡Q wKš‘ Zvi me

KvRB A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq bq| UvKv-cqmv, Avq-e¨q A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq |Ó myZivs A_©kv‡¯¿i

Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi GKw`‡K n‡jv m¤ú` Ab¨w`‡K gvbyl|

A_©bxwZi cwiwa I welqe¯‘ AZ¨šÍ e¨vcK| Z‡e gvby‡li Afve †gvPb msµvšÍ Kg©KvÛ welqK

Av‡jvPbvB n‡jv A_©bxwZi g~j welqe¯‘|

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi cwiPq

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ Kx ?

gnvb Avjøvn iveŸyj Avjvgxb I Zuvi ivm~j (mv) cÖ Ë Rxeb weavbB Bmjvg| †h‡nZz Bmjvg GKwU c~Y©v½

Rxeb weavb †m‡nZz Gi Abymvix‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q e¨w³Rxeb, †MvôxRxeb Z_v ivóªxq Rxe‡b `vq-`vwqZ¡ I

KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi my¯úó w`K-wb‡ ©kbv I Dchy³ bxwZgvjv| GiB g‡a¨ AšÍfy©³ i‡q‡Q, cwievi mgvR,

ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ, cÖkvmb, AvBb I wePvi cÖf„wZ| A_©bxwZ †h †Kvb RvwZ ev iv‡óªi Rb¨ GKwU

Acwinvh© cÖm½| Bmjvgx Rxeb weav‡bi Abymvix‡ì R‡bÏ GK_v mZ¨| ZvB Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ ej‡Z H

A_©bxwZ‡KB †evSvq- hvi Av`k©, D‡Ïk¨ I j¶¨ Kg©c×wZ Ges cwiYvg dj, Bmjvgx AvwK`v Abyhvqx

wba©vwiZ nq| G A_©bxwZi g~jbxwZ I w`K-wb‡ ©kbv wea„Z i‡q‡Q Avj-KziAvb I mybœvn‡Z|

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi wfwË ev `k©b

cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZ ev mgv‡Ri GKwU Rxeb`k©b _v‡K| †mB Rxeb`k©b Abymv‡iB Zvi Rxeb Z_v RvMwZK

Kg©KvÛ cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K| gymjgvb‡ì Rxe‡bi †mB `vk©wbK wfwË n‡”Q ZvIwn`, wimvjvZ I

AvwLivZ| c¶všÍ‡i abZvwš¿K ev cuywRev`x A_©bxwZi `vk©wbK wfwË n‡”Q e¯‘ev` Z_v †fvMev`| Aaybv

aŸsmcÖvß mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi wfwË wQj Øvw›ØK e¯‘ev`| gymwjg D¤§vni AvKx`v n‡”Q G wek¦PivP‡ii

GKRb gnvb mªóv Av‡Qb| wZwb GK, AwØZxq I me©kw³gvb| GKgvÎ ZuviB wb‡ ©wkZ c‡_ Pj‡j wgj‡e

Kj¨vY I gyw³| G wb‡ ©wkZ c_wU wK Ges †Kgb K‡i †mc‡_ Pj‡Z n‡e Zv Rvbvevi R‡b¨ †mB

wek¦mªóvB Avevi hy‡M hy‡M cvwV‡q‡Qb bex-ivm~j‡ì| wek¦bex nhiZ gynv¤§ (mv) †m avivq me©‡kl ivm~j

Ges ZuviB gva¨‡g Øx‡bi c~Y©Zv cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

gymjgvb‡ì mgMÖ Rxeb I Kg©KvÛ ZvInx`, wimvjvZ I Av‡LivZ‡K †K› ª K‡iB AvewZ©Z| A_©bxwZ‡Z

†h‡nZz †mB Rxeb I Kg©Kv‡ÛiB GK e„nr Ask Ry‡o i‡q‡Q †m‡nZz G †¶‡ÎI ZvInx` wimvjvZ I

AvwLiv‡Zi `vwe mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| G `k©‡bi Ici wfwË K‡iB AvewZ©Z nq gymjgvb‡ì Rxe‡bi mvwe©K

A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ, M‡o I‡V mg„w× I MwZkxj A_©bxwZ|

Bmjvgx Rxeb `k©‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A½ n‡”Q Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ| cweÎ KziAvb I nv`xm n‡”Q Gi g~j

wfwË ev Drm| GKwU cÖMwZkxj welq wn‡m‡e Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ- Bmjvgx Rxeb`k©b, K…wó I mf©Zvi mv‡_

GKB m~‡Zvq Muv_v| gvby‡li e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK, AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZwU †¶‡Î Avjøvn cÖ Ë I

gnvbex (mv) cÖ wk©Z Rxeb-weavb Abyhvqx gvby‡li mvwe©K Rxe‡bi Kj¨vY mva‡bi j‡¶¨ Avjøvni †`qv

cvw_©e m¤ú`‡K h_vh_fv‡e Kv‡R jvwM‡q Zv †_‡K kixAv‡Zi weavb Abyhvqx Drcv`b, eÈb I †fvM-

eënvi Kivi bvgB n‡jv Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ|

Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe` I A_©bxwZwe`MY Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡K wewfbœ „wó‡KvY †_‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb| wb‡¤œ

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU msÁv ms‡¶‡c Zz‡j aiv n‡jv t

1. gynv¤§ web nvmvb Zzmxi g‡Z, ÒBmjvgx A_©bxwZ n‡”Q cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv, e„wË I weÁvb|Ó

[gynv¤§` web nvmvb Zzmx, (1201-1274 wLª÷vã), AvLjv‡K bvwmix]|

2. wZDwbwmqvi wek¦weL¨vZ Avie gbxlx Be‡b Lvj yb e‡jb, ÒBmjvgx A_©bxwZ n‡”Q Rbmvavi‡Yi

(&Avj-Rgûi ev masses) Kj¨v‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z weÁvb|Ó [Be‡b Lvj yb (1332-1406

wLª÷vã), Avj-gyKvwÏgv]|


c„ôv-5

3. Gm.Gg. nvmvb Rvgv‡bi g‡Z, “Islamic Ecomomics is the knowledge and application of injunction and rules of the Shariah that prevent injustice in the acquisition and disposal of material resources in order to provide satisfaction to human beings and enables them to perform their obligation to Allah and the society”

A_©vr ÒBmjvgx A_©bxwZ n‡”Q e¯‘MZ m¤ú` AvniY I Zv e¨q Ges eÈ‡bi cÖwµqvq AwePvi, Ryjyg

BZ¨vw` cÖwZ‡iv‡a Av‡ivwcZ Bmjvgx wewa-wb‡la m¤Üxq Ávb Ges ev¯Íe †¶‡Î Gi cÖ‡qvM, hv‡Z

K‡i gvbyl Avjøvn Ges mgv‡Ri cÖwZ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|Ó

4. gynv¤§` AvKivg Lv‡bi g‡Z, “Islamic Economics aims at the study of human falah achieved by organising the resources of the earth on the basis of co-operation and participation``

A_©vr Òmn‡hvwMZv I AskMÖn‡Yi wfwË‡Z RvMwZK m¤ú` msMwVZ Kivi gva¨‡g †h gvbexq Kj¨vY

AR©b Kiv hvq, †m m¤úwK©Z ÁvbB n‡”Q Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ|Ó

5. gynv¤§` AvKivg Lv‡bi msÁvq dvjvn& (Falah) ev Kj¨vY kãwU LyeB Zvrch©en| dvjvn& kãwU G‡m‡Q

Avdjvn ev BDdwjn †_‡K, hvi A_© n‡”Q mg„w× AR©b Kiv, DbœwZ Kiv, myLx nIqv, K…ZKvh©Zv jvf

Kiv cÖf„wZ| cvw_©e Rxe‡b dvjvn& ev Kj¨vY ej‡Z eySvq †eu‡P _vKv (Survival), Afve †_‡K gyw³

(freedom from want). AbšÍ mg„w× (eternal prosperity). wPi¯’vqx m¤§vb (everlasting glory) Ges

AÁZvgy³ Ávb (knowledge free from ignorance)| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q

gvbe Kj¨vY| gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb, ÒG wek¦RM‡Zi mewKQy gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨B m„wó Kiv

n‡q‡Q|Ó Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z Kj¨vY ej‡Z †KejgvÎ BnRvMwZK Kj¨vY‡K eySvq bv| BnRMZ I

ciRMZ Dfq RM‡Zi me©vwaK Kj¨vY KivB n‡”Q Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi j¶¨| cweÎ KziAvb gwR‡`

40 evi Ôdvjvn&Õ ev Kj¨vY kãwU eëüZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z eySv hvq, ÔKj¨vYÕ kãwUi ¸iæZ¡ Bmjvgx

A_©bxwZ‡Z KZLvwb|

6. Gm.Gg. Aveyj Kvjv‡gi g‡Z- ÒBmjvgx A_©bxwZ GKvav‡i GKwU weÁvb Ges Kjv hvi cÖwZcv`¨

welq n‡”Q Avjøvni AbyMZ ev›`vi ˆ`bw›`b RxebvPvi ; A_©vr †m wKfv‡e Avq K‡i Ges wKfv‡e Zv

e¨q K‡i _v‡K| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ GKwU weÁvb G A‡_© †h Bnv e¯‘MZ Drcv`b, cY¨ eÈb I

†fv‡Mi †¶‡Î eûwea êÁvwbK c×wZi mÜvb †`q|Ó

7. wcÖÝ gynv¤§ Avj dqmj Avj mvD` e‡jb, Islamic Economics is the science of how man uses resources and means of production to study his worldly needs according to a predetermined code given by Allah (SWT) in order to achieve the greatest equity.

A_©vr ÒBmjvgx A_©bxwZ n‡jv Ggb GKwU weÁvb hv Avjøvn cÖ Ë bxwZgvjvi AvIZvq m¤ú` I

Drcv`‡bi DcKiYmg~‡ni eënvi Ges gvby‡li cvw_©e Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i my¯úó w`K-wb‡ ©kbv

cÖ vb K‡i|Ó

8. Zzi‡¯‹i A_©bxwZwe` mvevn& Bjw`b RvB‡gi g‡Z- ÒBmjvgx Av`k© cvj‡bi †¶‡ÎI A_©bxwZ Ae`vb

iv‡L| Gi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ gvbyl‡K Zvi mvwe©K cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvmn D”PZi Av`k©mg~n

ev¯Íevq‡b mnvqZv K‡i|Ó

9. gb‡Ri Kvn‡di g‡Z, “An Islamic Economics deals with the system where the Islamic laws and institutions prevail and where the majority of its individuals believe in the Islamic ideology and practice as their way of life.” A_©vr ÒBmjvgx A_©bxwZ Ggb GKwU

eë¯’v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i †hLv‡b Bmjvgx AvBb I cÖwZôvbmg~n we`¨gvb _v‡K Ges AwaKvsk gvbyl

Bmjvgx Av`‡k© wek¦vm K‡i Ges †m Abyhvqx wb‡R‡ì Rxeb cwiPvjbv K‡i|Ó

10. Gg. Igi Pvcovi g‡Z- ÒBmjvgx A_©bxwZ n‡”Q Áv‡bi †m kvLv hv e¨w³ ¯vaxbZv, mvgwóK

A_©‰bwZK fvimvg¨ I cwi‡ekMZ fvimv‡gï Dci Ah_v n¯Í‡c¶ bv K‡i Bmjvgx wk¶vi mv‡_

m½wZ †i‡L y®cÖvc¨ m¤ú‡ì eivÏ I eÈ‡bi gva¨‡g gvbexq Kj¨vY AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i|Ó

11. Gg. †bRvZzjøvn& wmwÏKx e‡jb, “Islamic Economics is the Muslim thinkers response to the economic challenges of their times. In this endeavour they are aided by the Quran and the Sunnah as well as by reason and experience.”



A_©vr ÒmgKvjxb mg‡qi A_©‰bwZK P¨v‡j‡Äi †gvKv‡ejvq gymwjg wPšÍvwe`‡ì KziAvb, mybœvn Ges

hyw³ I AwfÁZvi Øviv ˆZwi (hv Aek¨B KziAvb I mybœvni mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©) ReveB n‡”Q Bmjvgx

A_©bxwZ|Ó

12. W. Gg. G. gvbœv‡bi g‡Z- ÒA_©bxwZ n‡”Q GKwU mvgvwRK weÁvb hv Bmjvgx fveavivq AbycÖvwYZ

gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| Bnv GKwU mgwšZ mgvRweÁvb hv evRviRvZ,

wewbgq I evRvi ewnf~©Z GKZidv wewbg‡qi mgwšZ eë¯’vi gva¨‡g Drcv`b, eÈb I †fv‡Mi

mgm¨vejx wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i Ges Bmjvgx g~j¨‡ev‡ai Av‡jv‡K Zv‡ì mvgvwRK I ˆbwZK

cwiYwZmg~n we‡kølY K‡i|Ó

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi cwiwa I welqe¯‘

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi cwiwa I welqe¯‘i g‡a¨ mgvR Z_v mvgvwRK Kj¨vY, cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©, gvbeZv I

wek¦åvZ…‡Z¡i GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb i‡q‡Q, g~jZ Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ gymwjg wgjøv‡Zi A_©‰bwZK AvPiY I

cÖeYZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i|

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi cwiwa I welqe¯‘i g‡a¨ ivóªxq I mgwóMZ DcvR©b, e¨q, wewb‡qvM, †fvM, eÈb, A_©,

†jb‡`b, kªg, g~jab, Drcv`b, msMVb, f~wg, ivR¯, Ki, FY`vb I MÖnY, hvKvZ, mv`vKvn I f~wg

eë¯’vcbv BZ¨vw` hv wKQy Rxeb DcKi‡Yi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †mme welq¸‡jv AšÍfy©³| Rxeb DcKi‡Yi GB

m¤ú„w³ e¨w³MZ, mvgvwRK, RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK †h †Kvb ch©v‡qi n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviY A_©kv¯¿

ˆbwZKZv wbi‡c¶ wKš‘ Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v‡Z ˆbwZKZv GKwU wbqvgK kw³ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| d‡j

A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘i g‡a¨ ˆbwZKZvi GK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb i‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î mvaviY A_©bxwZi Zzjbvq

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ mxwgZ| KviY Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ Cgvb`vi †jvK‡ì Kvh©Kjvc wb‡qB Av‡jvPbv K‡i|

Z‡e GUv gyÕwgb‡ì RbwnZKi Kvh©vejx msµvšÍ welqmg~‡ni DciB †ewk ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Q e‡j GUv GKwU

Abb¨ mvaviY kv¯¿|

A‡_©vcvR©b I A_© e¨q msµvšÍ we‡kølY mvaviY A_©bxwZi b¨vq Bmjvgx A_©bxwZiI Av‡jvP¨ welq wKš‘

GLv‡b KziAvb gvRx‡ì K‡Vvi wbqš¿Y i‡q‡Q, GQvovI nvjvj DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ Bmjvg me©vwaK ZvKx`

w`‡q‡Q| G m¤ú‡K© Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡j‡Qb-

نه ان إ ط ات ٱلشي وا خطو ع تب ال تـ يبا و ا ىف ٱألرض حالال ط وا مم أيـها ٱلناس كل ي

ني . لكم عدو مبÒ†n gvbyl ! c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q, nvjvj I cweÎ, Zv †_‡K LvI Ges KL‡bv kqZv‡bi c`v¼ AbymiY

K‡iv bv| wbðq †m †Zvgv‡ì cÖKvk¨ kÎæ|Ó (m~iv Avj-evKviv : 168)

G AvqvZ †_‡K ¯úóZ eySv hvq A‡_©vcvR©b I e¨q cÖwµqv KziAv‡bi k„•Ljgy³ bq| e¯‘Z Bmjvgx

A_©bxwZ KziAv‡bi evYx wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i|

D‡jøL¨ †h, weMZ mnmªvwaK eQi a‡i Bmjvgx cwÛ‡Ziv Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z gvbe Rxe‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³

welqvejx m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|

G‡ì g‡a¨ Bgvg Be‡b ZvBwgqv mgRvZxq ª‡eï g~j¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|

Bgvg Be‡b Lvj yb Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z gvbe Kj¨vY, kªgwefvM, g~j¨ZË¡, RbmsL¨vZË¡, miKvwi

A_©eë¯’v, ivR¯bxwZ, evwYR¨Pµ I evRvi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|

Bgvg Avey BDmyd (in) miKvwi Avq-e¨q Ges K…wl Dbœq‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Qb|

Zzmx gvby‡li Pvwn`v Z_v Lv`¨, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, hš¿cvwZ m¤úwK©Z welq Ges kªgwefvM m¤ú‡K©

Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|

GZØ¨ZxZ Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡K hviv msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì Kv‡QI Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘

wn‡m‡e c„_K c„_K „wófw½ aiv c‡o‡Q|


c„ôv-7

Wt Gg. AvKivg Lv‡bi g‡Z, Òmevi Ask MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g RvwZMZ m¤ú` msMwVZKiY I

gvbeKj¨vY msµvšÍ ÁvbvR©bB Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq|

A_©bxwZwe` kvgmyj Avj‡gi g‡Z, ÒA_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡”Q gvbe Kj¨vY Gi mv‡_ mswkøó

Drcv`b, eÈb I †fvM hv Bmjvgx „wó‡Z we‡kølYg~jK|Ó

Aa¨vcK Lyikx` Avng‡ì g‡Z, ÒBmjvgx A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘ †mme A_©‰bwZK welqvejx hv KziAvb

I mybœvq ewY©Z g~j¨‡ev‡ai Mfx‡i wbwnZ|Ó

mg‡qi cÖev‡n gvbe Rxe‡bi eywbqv`x cÖ‡qvRb c~iY I †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx e¨w³ mËvi weKv‡ki my‡hvM

m„wó KivB A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq|

e¯‘Z Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘ n‡”Q Bmjvgx ˆbwZK I agx©q Abykvm‡bi AeKvVv‡gvi Aax‡b mxwgZ

m¤ú‡ì eënvwiK cÖkvmb| A_©bxwZ †Kej gvbe Kj¨v‡Yi e¯‘MZ KviYmg~nB Av‡jvPbv K‡i bv eis

†fvM I Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î Bmjv‡gi wewa-wb‡lamg~n Av‡jvPbv K‡i| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z †fv³v wKsev

Drcv`bKvix †KD mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi AwaKvix bq| Dfq c‡¶i AvPiYB kixAvZ wba©vwiZ mvgvwRK I

e¨w³MZ Kj¨vYgyLx fveavivq cwiPvwjZ|

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi ¸iæZ¡

1. Gi bxwZgvjv, ZË¡ I m~Î KziAvb I mybœvn n‡Z DrmvwiZ|

2. Bmjvg e¯‘MZ Kj¨v‡Yi †P‡q iƒnvbx ev Ava¨vwZ¥K Kj¨v‡Yi Ici †Rvi †`q|

3. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z ZvKIqvi g~j¨ A‡bK †ewk| GUv Avjøvni Aby‡gvw`Z c_|

4. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq AvwLivZ wPšÍv cÖvavb¨ cvq|

5. G‡Z nvjvj-nvivg †e‡Q Pjv nq|

6. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ Bmjvg a‡g©i g~jbxwZ Øviv wbqwš¿Z|

7. KziAvb-mybœvni bxwZi Ici cÖwZwôZ e‡j mKj cÖKvi fyj-åvwšÍi D‡aŸ© D‡V gvbeZvi Kj¨v‡Yi

Rb¨B cÖwZwôZ|

8. hv gvbe Kj¨vY mvab K‡i bv Ges Avjøvni c‡_i AšÍivq, Zv m¤ú` bq| †hgb- wn‡ivBb, g`,

Zvwo, MuvRv, weqvi, Avwdg BZ¨vw`|

9. Bmjvg gvbyl‡K †fv‡Mi †P‡q Z¨v‡Mi wb‡ ©k †`q|

10. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z m¤ú‡ì gvwjK GKgvÎ Avjøvn& ZvAvjv| gvbyl m¤ú‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i gvÎ|

Avjøvni wbqš¿Yvax‡b m¤c‡ì Ici gvby‡li Av‡cw¶K gvwjKvbv ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| e¨w³, mgvR I

ivóª ¯’vb-Kvj-cvÎ I Ae¯’v †f‡` Zv e¨q, †fvM I wbqš¿Y Ki‡e Avjøvni AvB‡bi AvIZvq|



cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb

GK K_vq DËi w`b

1. A_©bxwZ †Kvb weÁv‡bi GKwU kvLv ?

2. A_©bxwZ †Kvb wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i ?

3. A_©bxwZ n‡”Q ms¯‹vi cwiPvjbvi Kjv‡KŠkj- GUv Kvi AwfgZ ?

4. G¨vWvg w¯§‡_i cÖ Ë msÁvq †Kvb w`KwU †bB ?

5. wjI‡bj iwebm cÖ Ë A_©bxwZi msÁvq †Kvb †Kvb w`‡Ki D‡jøL †bB ?

6. cvðvZ¨ RM‡Z me©vwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ A_©bxwZi msÁv w`‡q‡Qb †K ?

7. †Kvb ai‡Yi †jvK‡`i AvPiY A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq bq ?

8. gymwjg D¤§vni AvKx`v Kx ?

9. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ Bmjvgx Rxeb avi‡Yi Kx ?

10. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi Drm Kx ?

11. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi j¶¨ Kx ?

12. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi bxwZgvjv †Kv_v †_‡K M„nxZ nq ?

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1. A_©bxwZi MÖnY‡hvM¨ msÁvwU wjLyb|

2. w¯§_ I gvk©v‡ji msÁv y‡Uv we‡kølY Kiæb|

3. iweb‡mi msÁvwU D‡jøL Kiæb|

4. A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘ Kx ?

5. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ Kx ?

6. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi `k©b ev wfwË Kx ?

7. W. Gg. Igi Pvcov I W. Gg. G gvbœv‡bi g‡Z A_©bxwZi welqe¯‘ wbiƒcY Kiæb|

iPbvg~jK DËi-cÖkœ

1. A_©bxwZi cwiPq I welqe¯‘ wjLyb|

2. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi msÁv I welqe¯‘ wbiƒcY Kiæb|


c„ôv-9

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi g~jbxwZ

D‡Ïk¨


Avgi wej gvi~d I bvwn Avwbj gybKvi-Gi ¸iæZ¡ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

mKj Kg©Kv‡Û kixAvi weavb gvb¨ Kiv Avek¨K-Zv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Av`j I b¨vqwePv‡ii cÖ‡qvM msµvšÍ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

A_©‰bwZK b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôvq Bmjv‡gi weavb ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Bmjv‡g mbœ¨vmev‡ì †Kvb ¯’vb †bB-Zvi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

nvjvj Dcv‡q DcvR©b I nvjvj c‡_ e¨q Kivi ¸iæZ¡ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Bmjv‡g †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi Gi ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡i ai‡Z cvi‡eb|

Bmjv‡g ab-m¤c` eÈ‡b Bbmv‡di ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Bmjvg GKwU c~Y©v½ Rxeb eë¯’v| Bmjvgx Rxeb eë¯’vi GKwU Acwinvh© kvLv wn‡m‡e Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ

Bmjvgx Av`‡k©i g~j j¶¨ AR©‡bi GKwU Dcj¶ I DcKiY wn‡m‡e f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| Bmjvgx

A_©bxwZi g~j Drm n‡”Q cweÎ KziAvb I mybœvn| hy‡M hy‡M Bmjvgx A_©bxwZwe`MY M‡elYv K‡i Bmjvgx

A_© eë¯’vi bxwZ wba©viY K‡i‡Qb| KziAvb-mybœvn I Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`‡ì iPbvi Dci wbf©i K‡i Bmjvgx

A_©bxwZi êwkó¨ Z_v g~jbxwZ¸‡jv wb‡¤œ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv t

mKj †¶‡Î ÔAvgi wej gviædÕ Ôbvwn Avwbj gybKviÕ-Gi ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g ÔZvhwKqvÕ I

ÔZvKIqvÕ ARb©|

ÔAvgi wej gviædÕ ev mr Kv‡Ri Av‡`k (Ab¨ K_vq mybxwZi cÖwZôv) Ges Ôbvwn Avwbj gybKviÕ ev

Ab¨vq Kv‡Ri wb‡la (Ab¨ K_vq ybx©wZi D‡”Q`) Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ ev g~jbxwZ| †h

A_©bxwZ I mgvR eë¯’vq hyMcr mybxwZi cÖwZôv I ybx©wZi D‡”Q‡ì Rb¨ ewjô I Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c †bB

†mB A_©bxwZ I mgvR eë¯’vq Amnvq Ges gRjy‡gi AvZ©bv‡` AvKvk evZvm fvix n‡q I‡V| †kvwlZ I

ewÂZ gvby‡li dwiqv‡` w`MšÍ n‡q I‡V mPwKZ| Avgi wej gviæd I bvnx Avwbj gybKv‡ii weavb †bB

e‡jB cuywRev` gvby‡li Kvw•¶Z Kj¨vY AR©‡b e¨_© n‡q‡Q| Dciš‘ †mB A_©bxwZ mPj ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨

†KŠkj e`jv‡bv n‡”Q evievi| KLbI ev gv‡K©›UvBwjRg‡K †`qv n‡”Q m‡e©v”P ¸iæZ¡, KLbI ev A „k¨

n¯Í‡K| Avevi KLbI ¸iæZ¡ †c‡q‡Q Welfare Economics, KLbI I ev c~Y© Kg©ms¯’v‡bi

†cÖmwµckb| wKš‘ Zv‡ZI †kl i¶v nqwb| ˆbwZKZv weewR©Z I e¨w³¯v_©‡Kw› ªK gvby‡li m„ó msKU

†gvP‡bi `vwqZ¡ †kl Aewa ivóª‡K wb‡Z n‡q‡Q| GLb ejv n‡”Q, KvVv‡gvMZ cybwe©b¨vm ev Structural adjustment-Gi K_v| wKš‘ B‡Zvg‡a¨B Gi wec‡¶I Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv ïiæ n‡q‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶ †h mgv‡R

y‡ói `gb I wk‡ói cvjb †bB †m mgvR aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q BwZnvm Zvi mv¶x| GiB cÖwZweav‡bi R‡b¨

Bmjv‡g mybxwZi cÖwZôv I ybx©wZi D‡”Q‡ì R‡b¨ K‡Vvi ZvwM` †`qv n‡q‡Q| cweÎ KziAv‡b m~iv Av‡j-

Bgiv‡bi 110 bs Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q-

نكر ن ٱلم ن ع هو نـ تـ وف و عر ون بٱلم ر لناس تأم ر أمة أخرجت ل تم خيـ كن

Ò†ZvgivB †kªô D¤§vZ, gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ †Zvgv‡ì Avwef©ve n‡q‡Q; †Zvgiv mrmv‡Ri wb‡ ©k †`‡e Ges

AmrKv‡R wb‡la Ki‡e|Ó

e¯‘Zc‡¶ gvby‡li g‡a¨ mgv‡Ri mKj Í‡i mZ¨ I wg_¨vi †h Ø›Ø i‡q‡Q ZviB cÖwZweav‡bi R‡b¨

mybxwZi ¯c‡¶ I ybx©wZi wec‡¶ Ae¯’vb wb‡Z Bmjvg wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Q| gvby‡li P~ovšÍ Kj¨vY I kvwšÍc~Y©

mgvR wewbg©v‡Y Bmjv‡gi G wb‡ ©k A‡gvN I KvjRqx| A_©bxwZi †¶‡Î GK_v AwaK cÖ‡hvR¨|

cvV t 2



G bxwZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi †gŠj D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q gvbyl‡K cwiï× Kiv| Zvi Rxeb I mgvR‡K cweÎ Kiv| †`vLvfxwZ

ev ZvKIqv GiB wfwË| KziAvb I mybœvni mKj weav‡bi g~j j¶¨ n‡jv BnKvjxb Rxe‡b gvbyl‡K mwVK

I mZ¨ c‡_ cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g Zv‡K Avjøvni †kªô m„wó ev Avkivdzj gvLjyKv‡Zi gh©v`vq cÖwZwôZ Kiv|

GRb¨ Zv‡K Aek¨B cwiï× ev cweÎ n‡Z n‡e| AvjøvnfxwZ Gi Acwinvh© †mvcvb| hvi g‡a¨

AvjøvnfxwZ i‡q‡Q †m PvwiwÎK cwiïw× ev ZvhwKqv AR©‡b m¶g n‡q‡Q|

BwZnvm mv¶¨ †`q, †Kvb RvMwZK AvBb, wewa-wb‡la GgbwK †Rj-hyjygI gvbyl‡K Ab¨vq I KjylZv

n‡Z weiZ ivL‡Z mg_© nqwb| G wek¦PivP‡ii mªóv wbQK †Lqvj-Lykxi e‡k gvbyl m„wó K‡ibwb| Zvi

GKwU gnr D‡Ïk¨ Gi †cQ‡b AšÍwb©wnZ wQj| cÖKvk¨-AcÖKvk¨ meB Zuvi †MvPixf~Z| mKj Kv‡Ri

cyi¯‹vi ev wZi¯‹v‡ii wZwbB gvwjK, G †eva-wek¦vm AšÍ‡i m„wó bv nIqv ch©šÍ ïay kvw¯Íg~jK Ae¯’v

KvD‡K Amr KvR n‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e weiZ ivL‡Z mg_© nqwb| GRb¨B Bmjv‡g Avgi wej gviæd I bvnx

Avwbj gybKv‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ ZvhwKqv I ZvKIqvi Ici GZ †ewk ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivwcZ n‡q‡Q|Bmjvgx

A_©bxwZi g~jbxwZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ GwU me©v‡MÖ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|

mKj Kg©Kv‡ÛB kixAvni weavb gvb¨ Kiv

Bmjvgx Rxeb eë¯’vq wKQy wKQy †ckv, Lv`¨ I cvbxq Ges Kg©KvÛ‡K nvivg ev A‰ea e‡j wPwýZ Kiv

n‡q‡Q| Hme KvR Kiv Ges Lv`¨ I cvbxq †fvM, Drcv`b, wecYb BZ¨vw` mKj wKQy nvivg ev wbwl×|

G m¤ú‡K© gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb-

ري مث كب آ إ يهم ل ف سر ق ي ٱلم ن ٱخلمر و ونك ع سأل .ي†jv‡K †Zvgv‡K g` I Ryqv m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám K‡i| ej, G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q gnvcvc|Ó (m~iv Avj-evKiv

: 219)

miKvi ev AvBb cwil` ev Abyiƒc cÖwZôvb wb‡R‡ì ¯v_© ev cÖ‡qvR‡bi ZvwM‡`B †Kvb KvR‡K êa

Avevi †Kvb KvR‡K A‰ea e‡j wPb&wbZ K‡i _v‡K| gvby‡li gbMov gZev‡`B †Kej G my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|

G‡¶‡Î GKB ai‡bi KvR GKevi AvBbZ wbwl× Avevi Ab¨ mg‡q AvBbZ wm× nq| D`vniY¯iƒc

gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª g` cvb I g` ˆZwi wbwl×KiY I cieZx©Kv‡j cybivq Aby‡gv`‡bi K_v D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z

cv‡i|

wKš‘ Bmjv‡g G ai‡bi gbMov wm×-wbwl‡×i my‡hvM ivLv nqwb| hv wm× ev êa Zv wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ I

mK‡ji R‡b¨B êa Ges hv wbwl× ev A‰ea ZvI wPiKv‡ji R‡b¨ I mK‡ji R‡b¨B A‰ea|

D`vniY¯iƒc g‡ì D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †MvUv cwðgv we‡k¦ AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡mi wb‡P g`cvb wbwl×|

wKš‘ †hw`b cwiev‡ii †Q‡j‡g‡qi Kv‡iv eqm AvVv‡iv eQi c~Y© nq †mw`b NUv K‡i g`¨cv‡bi Drme Kiv

nq| G ai‡bi wØgyLx AvPiY I gvbwmKZvi my‡hvM Bmjv‡g †bB| cyuwRev` I mgvRZ‡š¿ iv‡óªi AbygwZ

_vK‡j ev AvB‡bi weavb K‡i wb‡j †h‡Kvb mgvR weaŸsmx I gvbeZvi R‡b¨ AegvbbvKi KvRI êaZv

†c‡q hvq| Ryqv‡Ljv I cwZZve„wË Gi Rv¾¡j¨gvb D`vniY| cÖ_gwU mgvR weaŸsmx Ges cieZx©wU

gvbeZvi R‡b¨ AegvbbvKi| wKš‘ h‡_vchy³ wd w`‡q jvB‡mÝ K‡i wb‡j wK cyuwRev`x A_©bxwZ, wK

mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ Dfq †¶‡ÎB G yÕwU KvR ïay êaZv jvf K‡ibv, mgv‡RiI Aby‡gv`b †c‡q hvq|

wecixZµ‡g hv nvjvj ev êa Zv cÖvwßi ev AR©‡bi †Póv Kiv Ges hv nvivg ev A‰ea Zv cwiZ¨vM ev

eR©‡bi †Póv Kiv Bmjvgx Rxeb weavb Z_v Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi `vwe|

Bmjvgx weavb Abyhvqx †h †Kvb e¨w³ nvjvj ev êa c×wZ‡Z ab-m¤ú` DcvR©‡bi c~Y© ¯vaxbZv iv‡L|

†mR‡b¨ †m wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zv I mvg_© Abymv‡i †h †Kvb Dcvq Aej¤b Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †h †Kvb cwigvY

A_©I DcvR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zvi G êa gvwjKvbv †_‡K Zv‡K ewÂZ Kivi †KD †bB| Z‡e nvivg ev

wbwl× cš’vq GK Kc© KI DcvR©b Kivi Zvi AbygwZ †bB| eis nvivg c×wZ‡Z DcvR©b †_‡K Zv‡K

AvBb cÖ‡qvM K‡iB weiZ ivLv n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Aciv‡ai ch©vq ev ¸iæZ¡ Abymv‡i Zv‡K Aek¨B Kviv`Û

ev A_© Û †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i ; GgbwK Zvi abm¤ú` ev‡Rqvß ch©šÍ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

Av`j (b¨vqwePvi) I Bnmvb (Kj¨vY)-Gi cÖ‡qvM

Av`j (b¨vq wePvi) I Bnmvb (Kj¨v‡Yi cÖwZôv) Bmjv‡gi Av‡iKwU Zvrch©c~Y© weavb| Bmjvgx

A_©bxwZi †¶‡ÎI Zv mgfv‡eB cÖ‡hvR¨| cyuwRev`, mgvRZš¿ ev Ab¨ †Kvb BR‡gi A_©bxwZ‡Z mywePv‡ii


c„ôv-11

G cÖmsMwU G‡Kev‡iB Abycw¯’Z| †mLv‡b eis gvby‡li ¯vfvweKZv ev wdZiv‡Zi we‡ivax bxwZB Kvh©Ki

i‡q‡Q| H me A_©bxwZ‡Z ye©‡ji, `wi‡ ªi, ewÂ‡Zi Z_v mgv‡Ri g›`fvM¨ †jvK‡ì R‡b¨ ¯xK…Z †Kvb

A_©‰bwZK AwaKvi wQj bv| ci ci yÕwU wek¦hy× gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi gnvg›`v Ges wkímg„× †`kmg~‡ni

†UªW BDwbqb¸‡jvi cÖPÛ Pv‡ci gy‡L cieZx©Kv‡j wKQy wKQy Kj¨vYagx© c`‡¶c M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| G mgv‡R

GK‡PwUqv Kvievix gybvdv‡Lvi eëmvqx N„Y¨ †PvivKvievix abx gRyZ`vi I ybx©wZcivqY Avgjvi K_vB

AvB‡bi gh©v`v †c‡q _v‡K| d‡j `wi ª AviI `wi ª n‡”Q, abx n‡”Q AviI abx n‡PQ| ab‰elg¨ n‡”Q

AviI cÖKU| BDGbwWwci m¤cÖwZ cÖKvwkZ GK wi‡cv‡U© wej‡¤ n‡jI G mZ¨ ¯xKvi K‡i †bqv n‡q‡Q|

A_©‰bwZK b¨vqwePvi wbwðZ Kivi ¯v‡_© mgv‡R Revew wnZvi Dcw¯’wZ Acwinvh©| Bmjv‡gi wØZxq

Lwjdv nhiZ Dgi Bebyj LvËv‡ei (ivt) Avg‡j g`xbvi RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ wewjK…Z Kvco mK‡jB

†c‡qwQ‡jb GK LÛ K‡i| wKš‘ wZwb wKfv‡e yÕLÛ Kvco eënv‡ii my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb Zvi Reve w`‡Z

n‡qwQj RbZvi mvg‡b LyZev †`qvi c~‡e©B| Av`j I Bnmvb cÖwZôvi ¯v‡_© ivm~j (mv) -Gi RvgvZv

Bmjv‡gi PZz_© Lwjdv nhiZ Avjx (ivt)-‡K nvwRi n‡Z n‡qwQj Kvhxi GRjv‡m mvaviY bvMwi‡Ki

g‡ZvB| e‡g©i gvwjKvbvi †mB gvgjvq wZwb †n‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb| DgvBqv I AveŸvmxq wLjvd‡Zi hy‡MI

wePv‡ii G eë¯’v we`¨gvb wQj| b¨vqwePv‡ii Ab¨ A_© mgvR n‡Z Ab¨vq I hyj‡gi D‡”Q` Ges me‡ji

cÖwZ‡iva| Bmjvgx kixAvi e¨vZ¨q hyjg‡KB †W‡K Av‡b| Zvi mg‡qvwPZ cÖwZ‡iva I D‡”Q` bv n‡j

ye©j I `wi ª †kªYxB cÖZvwiZ, wbM„nxZ, ewÂZ I ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq| GR‡b¨B Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z Gi

cÖwZweav‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Av`j I Bbmvd cÖwZôv Ab¨Zg g~jbxwZ wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| Av`j ev mywePv‡ii

¯v‡_© AvB‡bi Zvr¶wYK I h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM Bmjvgx weav‡bi Acwinvh© A½| G cÖm‡½ gnvb Avjøvn m~iv

gvwq`vi 8bs Avqv‡Z e‡jb- ى قو لتـ ب ل ر وا هو أقـ ٱعدل Ò‡Zvgiv b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôv Ki, GUv ZvKIqvi

AwZ wbKUeZx©|Ó GKB m‡½ Bnmvb ev Kj¨v‡Yi cÖm½wU Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ewPZ

n‡q‡Q| Bnmvb m¤ú‡K© m~iv evKvivi 195 bs Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q- أحس ني و حسن حيب ٱلم ن ٱلله ا إ و نـ

ÒAvi †Zvgiv mrKvR Ki, Avjøvn mrKg©civqY †jvK‡ì fv‡jvev‡mb|Ó ye©‡ji cÖwZ A_©‰bwZK w`K

†_‡K Kj¨v‡Yi nvZ cÖmvwiZ Kiv Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨| g~jZ G Kvi‡YB hvKv‡Zi gZ

GKwU eva¨Zvg~jK eë¯’vi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Gi m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q Dki, mv`vKvZzj wdZi I Ki‡h nvmvbv|

mgv‡R hviv Amnvq I A_©‰bwZK w`K †_‡K ye©j Zv‡ì mgm¨vi wKQyUv n‡jI myivnv nq hw`

h‡_vwPZfv‡e hvKvZ I Dki Av`vq I eÈb nq, wdZiv cÖ vb Kiv nq Ges Ki‡h nvmvbvi yqvi Db¥y³

ivLv nq| ye©j, ewÂZ, BqvZxg, FYMÖ¯Í, gymvwdi, cxwoZ I AvZ©R‡biv A_©‰bwZK G Kj¨vY Bmjvgx

mgv‡R †c‡q _v‡K Zv‡ì AwaKvi wn‡m‡eB, `qvi `vb wn‡m‡e bq|

fvimvg¨c~Y© Rxeb hvc‡bi cÖqvm

Bmjvg me© Z¨v‡Mi ev mbœv‡mi ag© bq, AvKÉ †fv‡Mi ev Pig Avmw³iI ag© bq| eis Z¨vM I †fvM G

y‡qi gvSvgvwS Rxeb hvc‡bi R‡b¨B Bmjv‡g ZvwM` †`qv n‡q‡Q| †h msmviZ¨vMx †m K…lK A_©‰bwZK

†Kvb Kg©Kv‡Û AskMÖnY Kivi R‡b¨ Av‡`Š AvMÖn †eva K‡i bv| ZvB ywbqvi †jvK‡ì †Kvb DcKvi Kiv

Zvi mva¨ ev ¶gZv ewnfy©Z| Acic‡¶ †h †fvMx, †h‡Kvb Dcv‡q †fvMwjáv PwiZv_© KivB Zvi GKvšÍ

evmbv| †fvM Kivi R‡b¨, wb‡Ri wejvm-e¨mb PwiZv_© Kivi R‡b¨ me iKg Dcv‡q †m ab-m¤ú`

DcvR©‡b m‡Pó _vK‡e| G‡¶‡Î Zvi Kv‡Q b¨vqbxwZ ev êaZv-A‰eaZvi cÖkœ †hgb Zz”Q †Zgwb c‡ii

Kj¨v‡Y A_©-m¤ú` e¨q Kiv Zvi Kv‡Q gyL©Zv| G‡¶‡Î wb‡R †Zv †m K…cYZv K‡iB Ab¨‡KI K…cYvZvq

cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i| K…cYZvi A_©‰bwZK Zvrch© n‡jv e¨q msKzwPZ nIqv| d‡j Pvwn`v msKzwPZ nIqv Ges

cwiYv‡g Kg©ms¯’vb I Drcv`b msKzwPZ nIqv| A_©bxwZ‡Z Gi cwiYvg wb`viæY Aïf|

Bmjv‡gi fvimvg¨c~Y© Rxe‡bi g~j e³e¨B n‡jv wb‡R mr I my›ìfv‡e euvP‡Z †Póv Kiv, Ab¨‡KI

†mfv‡e euvP‡Z mn‡hvwMZv Kiv| cÖK…Z gymjgvb Avo¤ic~Y© Rxe‡bi R‡b¨ bv wb‡Ri me g~j¨‡eva I

Cgvbx †PZbv‡K wemR©b †`‡e, bv A‡bï m¤ú` Ab¨vqfv‡e MÖvm Ki‡e| eis Kj¨vY I g½‡ji c‡_ Zvi

hvÎvi mn‡hvMx K‡i †b‡e AvZ¥xq-¯Rb, cvov-cÖwZ‡ekx, eÜz-evÜe I mgv‡Ri g›`fvM¨ †jvK‡ì|

gnvb Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Avj-KziAv‡b Ø¨_©nxb fvlvq †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb-



ه ضل من ف ٱلله آ آتاهم ون م كتم ي خل و ٱلب ون ٱلناس ب ر أم ي ون و خل ب .ٱلذين يـÒhviv K…cYZv K‡i Ges gvbyl‡K K…cYZvi wb‡ ©k †`q Ges Avjøvn wbR AbyMÖ‡n Zv‡ì hv w`‡q‡Qb Zv

†Mvcb K‡iÓ| (m~iv Avb-wbmv : 37)

wZwb AviI e‡jb-

اطني ان ٱلشي خو وا إ رين كانـ ذ ب ن ٱلم .إ Òwbðq hviv Ace¨q K‡i Zviv kqZv‡bi fvB|Ó (m~iv ebx BmivBj : 27)

eis wZwb e¨‡qi e¨vcv‡i mwVK c_ wb‡ ©kbv w`‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e-

سرف آ أنفقوا مل ي ذ ٱلذين إ ني ذ و وا وكان بـ قتـر اما وا ومل يـ ك قـو . لÒGes hviv e¨q K‡i ZLb Ace¨q Ki‡bv, K…cYZv I K‡i bv, eis Zviv Av‡Q GZ yf‡qi gv‡S ga¨g

cš’vq|Ó (m~iv Avj-dziKvb : 67)

e¨w³i m¤ú‡` mgv‡Ri AwaKvi cÖwZôv

Bmjvg e¨w³i m¤ú‡` mgv‡Ri AwaKvi cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q Ges GR‡b¨ wewfbœ c×wZi K_vI D‡jøL

K‡i‡Q| Avj-KziAv‡b wbKUvZ¥xq-¯R‡biI nK cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q| mgv‡R †Kvb e¨w³ hw` cÖ‡qvR‡bi

AwZwi³ m¤ú‡ì AwaKvix nq Ges Zvi AvZ¥xq‡ì †KD b~¨bZg cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Y Amg_© nq Zvn‡j

mvg_© Abyhvqx H AvZ¥xq‡K mnvqZv Kiv Zvi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡| Gfv‡e †Kvb RvwZi ev †`‡ki GK

GKwU cwievi hw` ¯ ¯ AvZ¥xq-¯Rb‡K mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ evwo‡q †`q, Zvn‡j †`k n‡Z `vwi ª

†hgb ~i n‡e †Zgwb cigyLv‡c¶x cwiev‡ii msL¨vI n«vm cv‡e|

Avjøvn iveŸyj Avjvgxb Avj-KziAv‡b †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb-

وم حر ٱلم آئل و اهلم حق للس و يف أم .وÒZv‡ì ab-m¤ú‡` cÖv_x© I AfveMÖ¯Í‡ì Ask wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q|Ó (m~iv Avj-Rvwiqvn : 19)

Avjøvn ZvAvjv Av‡iv e‡jb-

يل ب ن ٱلس ٱب ٱلمسكني و و ىب حقه ا ٱلقر آت ذ .وÒZzwg AvZ¥xq-¯Rb I Mwie Ges c‡_i Kv½vjMY‡K †Zvgvi wbKU n‡Z Zv‡ì cvIbv w`‡q `vI|Ó (m~iv

ebx BmivBj : 26)

Dc‡ii AvqvZ yÕwU n‡Z my¯úófv‡e G Z_¨ cÖwZfvZ nq †h, êa cš’vq DcvwR©Z A_©-m¤ú‡` Ab¨‡ìI

AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| we‡klZ AvZ¥xq-¯Rb Ges mgv‡R hviv g›`fvM¨ Zv‡ì cÖwZ mn‡hvwMZv I mngwg©Zvi

nvZ evwo‡q †`qv Cgvbx `vwqZ¡|

hvKv‡Zi A_© cÖ vb mv‡n‡e wbmve e¨w³‡ì R‡b¨ eva¨Zvg~jK| GKB m‡½ KziAvbyj Kvix‡gi wb‡ ©k

Abymv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨q wbe©v‡ni ci hv‡ì nv‡Z DØ„Ë A_© _vK‡e Zv‡ì R‡b¨ `wi ª AvZ¥xq-¯Rb,

cÖwZ‡ekx I mgv‡Ri ewÂZ fvM¨vnZ †jvK‡ì b~¨bZg cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ G A_© e¨q Kiv

eva¨Zvg~jK|

c„w_exi Ab¨ †KvbI A_©‰bwZK mgv‡Ri weËnxb I AfveMÖ¯Í †jv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb c~iY I Kj¨vY mva‡bi

R‡b¨ G ai‡bi wb‡ ©k †Ìqv nqwb|

Kg©ms¯’v‡bi †¶Î m„wó

†eKviZ¡ GK me©MÖvmx Awfkvc| †eKviZ¡ `vwi ª †W‡K Av‡b Ges wewfbœ Aciva cÖeYZvi w`‡K †V‡j

†`q| ZvQvov A‡b‡K gyja‡bi Afv‡e †Kvb K‡g©i ms¯’vb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Bmjvgx mgv‡R cÖ‡Z¨K

bvMwi‡Ki b~¨bZg cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ miKv‡ii| GRb¨ Bmjvg wb‡ ©wkZ hvKvZ, mv`vKvn, `vb-

LqivZ BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g †jvK‡ì Afve we‡gvPb Kiv nq| hvKvZ I mv`vKvni A_© msMÖn K‡i Bmjvgx

mgv‡R wewfbœ ai‡bi wkí-KviLvbv I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi †¶Î m„wó Kiv nq Ges †jvK‡ì †eKvi nvZ‡K Kgx©i


c„ôv-13

nv‡Z I wf¶z‡Ki nvZ‡K `vZvi nv‡Z cwiYZ K‡i| d‡j Av_©-mvgvwRK ¯”QjZv wd‡i Av‡m Ges mgv‡R

kvwšÍ I wbivcËv eRvq _v‡K|

nvjvj Dcv‡q DcvR©b I nvjvj c‡_B e¨q

Bmjvgx weav‡b eënvwiK Rxe‡b wKQy KvR‡K nvjvj ev êa Ges wKQy KvR‡K nvivg ev A‰ea e‡j

wPb&wbZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| DcvR©b, †fvM, eÈb, Drcv`b cÖf„wZ mKj †¶‡ÎB H weavb cÖ‡hvR¨| Bmjvgx

weavb Abyhvqx †h †KDB ¯vaxb I Aeva cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g A_© DcvR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| †h mg¯Í welq

kixAvi „wó‡Z nvjvj ev êa †mm‡ei Drcv`b, †fvM, eÈb I †mme Dcv‡q DcvR©‡bi c~Y© ¯vaxbZv

†`qv n‡q‡Q| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi †gŠwjK bxwZgvjvi Ab¨Zg gyL¨ bxwZ n‡”Q- ÔAvgi wej gviædÕ ev mr

Kv‡Ri Av‡`k A_©vr mybxwZi cÖwZôv Ges Ôbvnx Avwbj gybKviÕ ev Amr Kv‡Ri wb‡la A_©vr ybx©wZi

D‡”Q`| G cÖm‡½ Avjøvn iveŸyj Avjvgxb Avj-KziAv‡b †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb-

ان ط ات ٱلشي وا خطو ع تب ال تـ يبا و ا ىف ٱألرض حالال ط ا ٱلناس كلوا مم .يأيـهÒ†n gvbe ! c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQy nvjvj I cweÎ †Zvgiv Zv †_‡K Avnvi Ki| KL‡bv kqZv‡bi c_ AbymiY

K‡iv bv|Ó (m~iv Avj-evKviv : 168)

Avj-KziAv‡bi Ab¨Î ewY©Z n‡q‡Q-

ة ٱلله م وا نع ٱشكر يبا و حالال ط ٱلله كم زق ا ر وا مم كل . فÒAvjøvn †Zvgv‡ì‡K †hme Lv`¨ `vb K‡i‡Qb, Zb¥‡a¨ hv nvjvj I cweÎ Zv †Zvgiv Avnvi Ki Avi

Avjøvni AbyMÖnivwRi Rb¨ K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Ki|Ó (m~iv Avb-bvnj : 114)

Bmjv‡g nvjvj ev êa c×wZ‡Z †h †KD A_© DcvR©‡bi c~Y© ¯vaxbZv iv‡L| GR‡b¨ †m wb‡Ri cQ›`gZ

†h‡Kvb Dcvq I cš’v Aej¤b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi mvnv‡h¨ †h‡Kvb cwigvY A_© I †ivRMvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|

wKš‘ nvivg Dcvq-c×wZ‡Z GKwU cqmvI DcvR©b Kivi AwaKvi Bmjvg ¯xKvi K‡i bv| Bmjvgx

A_©bxwZ‡Z †m my‡hvM Kv‡iv R‡b¨B Db¥y³ _v‡K bv| †hme mvgMÖxi †fvM wbwl× †mm‡ei Drcv`b, wecYb

I evwYR¨ wbwl×| my` †hgb wbwl×, g`-RyqvI †Zgwb wbwl×| Abyiƒcfv‡e A‰bmjvwgK c×wZ‡Z eëmv-

evwYRÏ wbwl×| yf©v‡Mï welq, eZ©gvb hy‡M Bmjvg ewnf©~Z mKj gZv`k© ev BRgwfwËK A_©‰bwZK

eë¯’vq DcvR©b, †fvM, eÈb, Drcv`b, wewb‡qvM cÖf„wZ †Kvb †¶‡ÎB êaZv wePvi ev nvjvj nviv‡gi

cv_©K¨ †bB| †mLv‡b miKv‡ii Aby‡gv`b mv‡c‡¶ A_©vr jvB‡mÝ K‡i wb‡j ev Dchy³ U¨v· w`‡j me

ai‡bi DcvR©‡bi cš’vB êa| miKvi‡K avh©K…Z wba©vwiZ Ki wd ïé BZ¨vw` cÖ vb mv‡c‡¶ †h †Kvb

Drm n‡Z ev †h †Kvb cwigvY AvqB êa Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|

cyuwRev`x A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b, †fvM, eÈb, DcvR©b, wewb‡qvM cÖf„wZ †¶‡Î †Kvb †kl mxgv ev bxwZ

ˆbwZKZvi cÖkœ †bB| †fvMev`x G eë¯’vq †hme cš’vq Drcv`b ev †hme A_©‰bwZK Kvh©µg mgv‡Ri

R‡b¨ ¶wZKi ev †kªYx êlg¨ m„wóKvix Ges †hme cš’vq †fvM mgv‡Ri R‡b¨ wech©q m„wóKvix †mmeI

mgvR Ges A_©bxwZ‡Z AcÖwZnZfv‡e Pj‡Z cv‡i| mgvRZ‡š¿iI Ae¯’v cÖvq GKB iKg wQj| Zdvr GB

†h, †mLv‡b DcvR©b I †fv‡Mi ¯vaxbZv wewb‡qvM I eÈ‡bi `vwqZ¡ ivóª Øviv K‡Vvifv‡e wbqwš¿Z wQj|

GLb Aek¨ †mB Ae¯’v Avi †bB| cyuwRev‡ì wejvmx Rxeb I Bw› ªq Avmw³i †gv‡ni †Rvqv‡i mgvRZš¿

Zwj‡q †M‡Q| Bmjvg G yÕai‡bi bxwZi †KvbwUB mg_©b K‡i bv| hv êa, †h cwigvY êa Zv mK‡ji

R‡b¨B mgfv‡e êa| Abyiƒcfv‡e hv nvivg ev wbwl× Zv mK‡ji R‡b¨B mgfv‡e wbwl×|

A‰ea ev nvivg Dcv‡q DcvR©b, eÈb, wewb‡qvM cÖf„wZ A_©‰bwZK Kvh©µg wbwl× nIqvi KviY cÖavbZ

wZbwU| cÖ_gZt A‰ea Dcv‡q Av‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ RbM‡Yi Ici cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶fv‡e Ryjyg Pvjv‡bv nq|

wØZxqZt PvwiwÎK ˆbivR¨ m„wóKvix I mgvRweaŸsmx Kvh©µgmg~n Gme A‰ea ev nvivg A_©‰bwZK

Kvh©µ‡gi dmj Ges Z…ZxqZt A‰ea Dcv‡q AwR©Z ab-m¤ú` mvaviYZ A‰ea Kv‡RB e¨q nq| A‰ea

Kv‡R e¨v‡qi A_©B n‡”Q mvgvwRK AbvPvi I AZ¨vPv‡ii cwigvY e„w× cvIqv|



hvKvZ eë¯’v cÖeZ©b

gvby‡li AwR©Z m¤ú‡ì wbw ©ó Ask hvKvZ wn‡m‡e cÖ vb Kiv Bmjv‡gi weavb, hv Bmjv‡gi eywbqv‡ì

Ab¨Zg eywbqv`| يهم ـزك تـ هم و ـر ة تطه اهلم صـدق ـو خـذ مـن أم ÒZv‡ì gvjvgvj †_‡K hvKvZ MÖnY

Kiæb hv‡Z Gi gva¨‡g Avcwb †m¸‡jv‡K cweÎ Ges eiKZgq Ki‡Z cv‡ib|Ó (m~iv AvZ-ZvIevn : 103 )|

G m¤ú‡K© ivm~j (mv) e‡j‡Qb-

.ؤخذ من اغنیاء هم فترد على فقراء همان اهللا قد فرض علیهم صدقة تÒwbðq Avjøvn Zv‡ì Ici m`Kvn& dih K‡i‡Qb, hv Zv‡ì abx‡ì wbKU †_‡K Av`vq K‡i wi ª‡ì

g‡a¨ eÈb Kiv n‡e|Ó (eyLvix I gymwjg)

hvKv‡Zi gva¨‡g m¤ú` cwiï× I ewa©Z nq, hv Abv`v‡q wKqvg‡Z KwVb kvw¯Íi msev` cÖ vb Kiv

n‡q‡Q| m~Zivs Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ n‡jv hvKvZwfwËK A_© eë¯’v cÖeZ©b|

†gŠwjK gvbweK cÖ‡qvRb wbwðZ KiY

‡Kvb mgv‡R Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi b~¨bZg gvbweK cÖ‡qvRb c~iY bv n‡j mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK

wek„•Ljv Aek¨¤¢vex| Pzwi-WvKvwZ, e¨wfPvi, gv`Kvmw³ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i GBW‡mi g‡Zv NvZK e¨vwa mgv‡R

Qwo‡q co‡e gnvgvixi g‡Zv| Gme me©bvk n‡Z cwiÎvY †c‡Z n‡j PvB gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi

h_v_© eë¯’v|

Bmjvg Zvi A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi ga¨ w`‡q G cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi wbðqZv weavb K‡i‡Q| hvKvZ eë¯’vi

ev¯Íevqb, evqZzj gv‡ji cÖwZôv, e¨w³i m¤ú‡` mgv‡Ri ewÂZ‡ì AwaKv‡ii ¯xK…wZ, mvgvwRK Kj¨vY

I wbivcËvi wbðqZv Ges iv‡óªi b¨vqm½Z n¯Í‡¶c GK‡hv‡M G M¨vivw›UB †`q|

mgv‡Ri mKj gvby‡li †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi wbðqZv weavb Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi Ab¨Zg g~jbxwZ|

gvby‡li †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb cuvPwU- Abœ, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, ¯v¯’ I wk¶v| G cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Kivi R‡b¨ Bmjvg

e¨w³ I ivóª‡K †h ZvwM` w`‡q‡Q Zvi bhxi Avi †Kvb A_©bxwZ‡Z †bB| g~jZ G cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi

Acwinvh©Zv I ¸iæZ¡‡eva †_‡KB Bmjv‡g evqZzj gvj n‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki b~¨bZg †gŠwjK Pvwn`v

†gUvevi R‡b¨ e¨q Kivi weavb i‡q‡Q|

Be‡b nvhg Zuvi myweL¨vZ MÖš’ ÔAvj-gynvjøv‡Z e‡jb- ÒcÖwZ GjvKvi abxiv Zv‡ì wbR wbR GjvKvq

emevmiZ Amnvq I wbt¤‡ì †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y eva¨| hw` evqZzj gv‡j gRy` m¤ú` GR‡b¨ ch©vß bv

nq Zvn‡j yt¯’ I `wi ª‡ì cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi R‡b¨ ivóªcÖavb weËkvjx‡ì Ici AwZwi³ Ki Av‡ivc K‡i

Zv Av`v‡q eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|Ó

Abœ, e¯¿, evm¯’vb I ¯v‡¯’ i g‡Zv Acwinvh© †gŠwjK gvbweK cÖ‡qvRb c~iY bv n‡j GKw`‡K gvbyl †hgb

Amy¯’, Ak³ I iæMœ n‡q co‡e †Zgwb wk¶vi Afv‡e †m LuvwU gvbyl n‡Z cvi‡e bv| Bmjv‡g Ávb AR©b

dih Kiv n‡q‡Q| bex (mv) e`‡ii hy‡× wkw¶Z hy×e›`x‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gyw³cY wba©viY K‡iwQ‡jb

g`xbvi `k Rb evjKevwjKv‡K wk¶v`vb Kiv‡bvi wewbg‡q| `xN© †PŠÏkZ eQi c‡i AvR wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q

MYwk¶vi cÖ‡qvRb Abyf~Z n‡”Q| A_P G cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi R‡b¨ Bmjv‡g KZ Av‡MB bv ZvwM` †`qv

n‡q‡Q| AÁZvi R‡b¨ †mme wk¶v n‡Z Avgiv ewÂZ i‡qwQ|

DËivwaKvi AvBb

Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq g„Z e¨w³i FY, AwmqZ I `vdb Li‡Pi ci Aewkó m¤ú` weavb gZ Zvi

DËivwaKvi‡ì g‡a¨ e›U‡bi myeë¯’v i‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j g„Z e¨w³i †i‡L hvIqv m¤ú` e¨q-eÈ‡b †Kvb

Amyweavi m¤§yLxb n‡Z bv nq|

hyMcr `ywbqv I AvwLiv‡Zi Kj¨vY AR©b

Bmjvg e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vq BnKvjxb Kg©Kv‡Ûi R‡b¨ ciKvjxb gyw³ ev kvw¯Íi Ggb

Ø¨_©nxb I „p †NvlYv †`qv nqwb| †eŠ× a‡g© ywbqv‡K RxY© e‡¯¿i g‡Zv Z¨v‡Mi civgk© †`qv n‡q‡Q,

c¶všÍ‡i Bmjv‡g Kg©exi n‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| L„ó a‡g© mKj cv‡ci fvienbKvix n‡eb hxï| ciKv‡j

wZwbB n‡eb cig cwiÎvZ¥v| m~Zivs Zuvi Ici wek¦vm I `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y K‡i ywbqvi mKj êa-A‰ea †fvM

wejv‡m gË nIqvq †hgb evav †bB, †Zgwb eva¨-evaKZv †bB Dcvq-DcvR©‡bi Ges m¤ú` eënv‡ii


c„ôv-15

†¶‡Î nvjvj-nviv‡gi wewa-weavb †g‡b Pjvi| wn› y a‡g© †Kvb mywbw ©ó I mywjwLZ A_©‰bwZK AvPiY

wewaB †bB| eis L„ó, wn› y I Bû`x- c„w_exi G wZbwU ag© GK‡hv‡M cyuwRev`‡KB eiY K‡i wb‡q‡Q|

GiB wecix‡Z m¤ú~Y© wfbœ I fvimvg¨c~Y© Rxebv`k© Bmjv‡g A_©‰bwZK myK…wZ ev nvjvj Kv‡Ri R‡b¨

BnKvjxb Kj¨v‡Yi mymsev‡ì cvkvcvwk cvi‡jŠwKK Rxe‡bI Avjøvni mš‘wó I cyi¯‹v‡ii †NvlYv †`qv

n‡q‡Q| Aciw`‡K hviv Avjøvni wb‡ ©k Agvb¨ Ki‡e, Mixe- ytLx‡ì †Kvb DcKv‡i m‡Pó n‡e bv eis

nvivg Kv‡R Ask †b‡e hviv Zv‡ì R‡b¨ i‡q‡Q KwVb kvw¯Íi ytmsev`| Avjøvn iveŸyj Avjvgxb e‡jb-

يم ذاب أل ع هم ب شر ب يل ٱلله فـ ا ىف سب قونـه نف ال ي ضة و ٱلف هب و ون ٱلذ كنز ٱلذين ي و

Òhš¿bv`vqK Avhv‡ei mymsev` w`b †mB †jvK‡ì hviv ¯Y©-‡iŠc¨ cyuwR K‡i iv‡L Ges Zv Avjøvni c‡_

LiP K‡i bv|Ó (m~iv AvZ&-ZvIev : 34)

ZvB Bmjvgx Rxeb eë¯’v Z_v Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z AvwLiv‡Zi Kj¨vY AR©‡bi cÖwZ GZ ¸iæZ¡ †`qv

n‡q‡Q| ˆ wbK cuvP Iqv³ mvjvZ Av`v‡qi †k‡l gybvRv‡ZiI ev›`v Avjøvni Kv‡Q hyMcr ywbqv I

AvwLiv‡Zi Kj¨vYB cÖv_©bv K‡i| AvwLivZ †h gymjgv‡bi Rxe‡b KZLvwb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq Zv Abyave‡bi

R‡b¨ ivm~‡j Kix‡gi (mv) GKwU gvÎ Dw³ h‡_ó| wZwb e‡jb- G ywbqv AvwLiv‡Zi km¨‡¶Î¯iƒc| Gi

AšÍwb©wnZ A_©B n‡”Q GLv‡b †h †hgb exR eyb‡e A_©vr KvR Ki‡e AvwLiv‡Z †m †Zgb km¨ ev cÖwZdj

cv‡e| cÖK…Zc‡¶ ZvhwKqv AR©b I ZvKIqvi gvbwmKZv m„wó n‡j Ges AvwLivZ‡K g‡b-cÖv‡Y wek¦vm

K‡i wb‡j BnKv‡ji Rxebaviv †Lv`vqx weavb Abymv‡i cwiPvwjZ n‡Z eva¨ Ges G c‡_B hyMcr ywbqv I

AvwLiv‡Zi Kj¨vY AR©b m¤¢e|

evqZzj gvj MVb

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z evqZzj gvj ev miKvwi †KvlvMvi MV‡bi wb‡ ©k i‡q‡Q| ivóªxq Av‡qi GKwU Ask

evqZzj gv‡j Rgv _vK‡e| †`‡ki †h †Kvb wbiæcvq e¨w³ ev wbivkª‡qi i¶Yv‡e¶Y, fiY-‡cvlY iv‡óªi

`vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨| GgbwK, g„Z e¨w³ hw` cwievi wb‡q euvPvi ZvwM‡` FY K‡i _v‡K Ges cwi‡kva Kiv

Zvi c‡¶ m¤¢e bv nq, Zvn‡j †m FY cwi‡kv‡ai `vwqZ¡ iv‡óªi Ici b¨¯Í n‡e| Ggwbfv‡e wewfbœgyLx

cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq Avw_©K myweav weav‡bi Rb¨ Bmjvgx ivóª evqZzj gvj MVb K‡i _v‡K|

ab-m¤ú‡ì Bbmvd wfwËK eÈb

Avq I m¤ú‡ì myôz eÈ‡bi Ic‡iB wbf©i K‡i GKwU RvwZi ev †`‡ki mg„w× I DbœwZ| †`‡ki

Rbmvavi‡Yi mg©ms¯’vb, Drcv`b e„w×, wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM Ges †mB mv‡_ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q †hb m¤ú`

cyÄxf~Z n‡Z bv cv‡i Zv wbf©i K‡i mgv‡R we`¨gvb A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi Ici| e¯‘Z mgv‡R wK ai‡bi

A_©bxwZ ev A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v Pvjy i‡q‡Q Zvi IciB wbf©i K‡i- Avq I m¤ú` eÈb myôz n‡e, bv

êlg¨c~Y© n‡e| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z mgv‡R Avq I abeÈb wKfv‡e eÈb n‡e Zvi g~jbxwZ¸‡jv KziAvb

I mybœvn‡Z my¯úófv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bmjvgx AvKx`v †gvZvweK mg¯Í m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv AvjøvniB|

wZwbB Gi mªóv| gvbyl‡K mxwgZ mg‡qi R‡b¨ wZwb Gi kZ©vaxb gvwjK K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| GLv‡b

†¯”QvPvwiZvg~jK Avq I †fv‡Mi †hgb my‡hvM †bB †Zgwb B”QvgZ Zv e¨‡qiI my‡hvM †bB| G g~j

„wófw½i †cÖw¶‡ZB KziAvb I nv`x‡m m¤ú`, DcvR©b, eënvi I eÈ‡bi †¶‡Î †ek wKQy ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

wb‡ ©k G‡m‡Q| †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q Zvrch©c~Y© K‡qKwUi GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

ا ر ن تـ ة ع ار ال أن تكون جت اطل إ ب نكم بٱل يـ كم بـ ال و ا أم و كل نوا ال تأ ا ٱلذين آم ا أيـه .ض منكم يÒ†n gywgbMY! †Zvgiv G‡K A‡bï m¤ú` Ab¨vqfv‡e MÖvm K‡iv bv| wKš‘ eëmv-evwYR¨ hw` ci¯ú‡ii

m¤§wZµ‡g nq Z‡e AvcwË †bB|Ó (m~iv Avb-wbmv : 29)

نكم آء م ي ني ٱألغن ة بـ ول كون د .كى ال ي Òhv‡Z †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv weËevb †Kej Zv‡ì g‡a¨B Hk¦h© AveZ©b bv K‡iÓ (m~iv Avj-nvki : 7)

ذيرا ب ذر تـ ب ال تـ اطني - و ان ٱلشي خو ا إ رين كانـو ذ ب م ن ٱل إ

ÒAce¨q Ki bv| hviv Ace¨q K‡i Zviv kqZv‡bi fvB|Ó (m~iv ebx BmivBj : 26-27)



وم حر ٱلم ل و آئ اهلم حق للس و يف أم . وÒGes Zv‡ì ab-m¤ú‡` i‡q‡Q AfveMÖ Í I ewÃZ‡ì nK|Ó (m~iv Avh-hvwiqvn : 19)

ال ي ٱلفضة و هب و كنزون ٱلذ ٱلذين ي يم و ذاب أل هم بع شر ب يل ٱلله فـ ها ىف سب قونـ .نفÒhviv ¯^Y©, †iŠc¨, mÂq K‡i iv‡L Ges Avjøvni iv¯Ívq e¨q K‡i bv Zv‡ì KwVb Avhv‡ei mymsev`

`vI|Ó (m~iv AvZ-ZvIev : 34)

ivm~j (mv) e‡j‡Qb t Òm‡e©vËg KvR n‡jv êa Dcv‡q DcvR©b Kiv|Ó

myZivs, ab-m¤ú` eÈ‡bi †¶‡Î Bmjvgx bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡KB Dchy³ Kg©c×wZ I c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z

n‡e| Z‡eB êlg¨ I †eBbmvdx n‡Z RbMY i¶v cv‡e|

Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖw¶‡Z Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vB gvby‡li mvwe©K Kj¨vY mva‡b m¶g

GKgvÎ A_© eë¯’v| GUv GKw`‡K †hgb gvby‡li †gŠwjK Acwinvh© cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi `vwqZ¡ †bq;

Abyiƒcfv‡e wbqgZvwš¿K ¯vaxbZviI c~Y© wbivcËv `vb K‡i| GUv †hgb †kvlY jyÉ‡bi mKj c_ eÜ

K‡i, Aciw`‡K Ab¨vq, wejvwmZv I jvjmv PwiZv‡_©i cÖvmv`‡KI P~Y© K‡i †`q|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb

ˆbe© w³K DËi-cÖkœ

1. Avgi wej gvi~d- k‡ãi A_© n‡PQ-

K. mr Kv‡Ri Av‡`k; L. mr KvR Kiv;

M. Bev`Z Kiv; N. ybx©wZ D‡”Q` Kiv|

2. ZvhwKqv k‡ãi A_© n‡PQ-

K. AvjøvnfxwZ; L. Avjøvni Dci fimv Kiv;

M. AvZ¥ïw×; N. Cgvb MÖnY Kiv|

3. Bnmvb ej‡Z eySvq-

K. b¨vqwePvi Kiv; L. Kj¨v‡Yi cÖwZôv;

M. gvbeZvi †mev Kiv; N. `wi‡ ªi Dci Ab¨vq Kiv|

4. Avgiv fvimvg¨c

Y© Rxeb-hvc‡bi cÖqvm cvB-

K. Bmjv‡g; L. MÖxK `k©‡b;

M. mbœ vmev‡`; N. wbe©vbev‡`|

5. nvjvj Dcv‡q DcvR©b I eÈbbxwZ n‡PQ-

K. mgvRZ‡š¿i weavb; L. abZ‡š¿i weavb;

M. Bmjv‡gi weavb; N. ag©wbi‡c¶ weavb|

msw¶ß iPbvg~j DËi-cÖkœ

1. mr Kv‡Ri Av‡`k I Amr Kv‡Ri wb‡la-Gi ¸iæZ¡ Bmjvgx „wó‡Kv‡Yi Av‡jv‡K wePvi Kiæb|

2. mKj Kg©Kv‡ÛB kixAvi AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e- cÖgvY Kiæb|

3. A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î b¨vqwePv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

4. Bmjvg fvimvg¨c~Y© Rxeb hvc‡b cÖqvmx-e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

5. Bmjv‡g nvjvj DcvR©b I nvjvj Dcv‡q eÈ‡bi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Kiæb|

6. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v gvbweK cÖ‡qvRb wbwðZ K‡i- Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

7. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq evqZzjgvj-Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤c‡K© wjLyb|


1. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi êwkó¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|


c„ôv-17

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi êwkó¨

D‡Ïk¨


Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi êwkó¨¸‡jv Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡eb|

Bmjvg gvbe RvwZi Rb¨ GK c~Y©v½, kvk¦Z I fvimvg¨c~Y© Rxeb eë¯’v Dcnvi w`‡q‡Q| G eë¯’v †Kej

agx©q Abyôvbvw` I Bev`‡Zi g‡a¨B mxgve× bq eis gvby‡li cvw_©e RM‡Z Pjv‡div, Av`vb-cÖ vb, Avq-

e¨q BZ¨vKvi mKj w`K Gi AšÍfy©³| m~Zivs gvbyl e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK, RvZxq I

AvšÍR©vwZK †¶‡Î wKfv‡e A‡_©vcvR©b I e¨q-eÈb Ges †fvM-eënvi Ki‡e, wKfv‡e Zv‡ì RvZxq

A_©bxwZ mymsMwVZ n‡e, cÖf„wZ mKj w`‡Ki wb‡ ©kbv Bmjv‡g i‡q‡Q|

G A_© eë¯’v eZ©gvb we‡k¦ cÖPwjZ cyuwRev` I mgvRZvwš¿K G yB Pig eë¯’v †_‡K Avjv`v GK

weÁvbm¤§Z I fvimvg¨c~Y© A_© eë¯’v| G A_© eë¯’vi KwZcq g~jbxwZ ev êwkó¨ i‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ †m¸‡jv

Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj-

Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vi êwkó¨ ev iƒc‡iLv

e¨w³ gvwjKvbvt Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv ¯xK…Z| DcvR©‡bi hveZxq wewa-wb‡la cvj‡bi

gva¨‡g †h A_© DcvR©b Ki‡e, DcvR©bKvix wn‡m‡e †m Zvi gvwjK n‡e| Bmjvg GUvB mg_©b K‡i, hv‡Z

Zvi DcvR©b ¯ú„nv e„w× cvq|

Avq ev DcvR©b c×wZt Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq Av‡qi mywbqwš¿Z c×wZ i‡q‡Q| Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z A_©B

gvbe Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨ bq, eis PvwiwÎK DbœwZ I ciKvjxb gyw³B gvbe Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨| ZvB A‰ea

Dcv‡q DcvR©b‡K Bmjvg wb‡la K‡i| GKgvÎ êa I b¨vqm½Z c‡_B A‡_©vcvR©‡bi wb‡ ©k i‡q‡Q|

gnvb Avjøvn ZvAvjv Bikv` K‡ib| Ò†n wek¦vmxMY ! †Zvgiv A‰ea Dcv‡q A_© DcvR©b K‡iv bv|Ó (m~iv

: Avb-wbmv)

eÈb c×wZt Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq m¤ú‡` e¨w³ ¯vZš¿ A¶zYœ ivLvi ci m¤ú` †hb GK‡Kw› ªK bv nq,

†m j‡¶¨ mylg eÈb bxwZ cÖYqb K‡i‡Q| Gi D‡Ïk¨ e¨³ K‡i Avj-KziAvb †NvlYv K‡i‡Q, Òm¤ú` †hb

†Kej †Zvgv‡ì abx‡ì nv‡Z cywÄf~Z n‡q bv _v‡K|Ó (m~iv Avj-nvki t 7)

mÂ‡q wb‡lavÁvt g~j¨ e„w× I AwaK gybvdv jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ AwaK m¤ú` Mw”QZ ivLv Ges hvKvZ

Av`vq bv K‡i m¤ú‡ì cvnvo M‡o †Zvjvi cÖwZ Bmjv‡gi K‡Vvi wb‡lavÁv i‡q‡Q| gnvb Avjøvni evYx,

Òhviv ¯Y©-†iŠc¨ Rgv Ki‡e I Zvi hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡e bv, Zv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q KwVb kvw¯Íi ytmsev`|Ó

(m~iv AvZ-ZvIev)

A‰ea DcvR©‡b wb‡lavÁvt Bmjvg bvcvK I nvivg e¯‘i eëmv, wf¶ve„wË, Rei-`Lj Ges Dr‡KvP

MÖnY BZ¨vw` A‰ea Dcv‡q A_© DcvR©b wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q|

my` cÖ_vi D‡”Q`t cyuwRev`x eë¯’vi g~jj¶¨ n‡PQ my‡ì gva¨‡g m¤ú` e„w×| mgvRZvwš¿K eë¯’vqI

c‡iv¶fv‡e my` cÖ_v Pvjy †i‡L‡Q| Bmjvgx eë¯’vq my`‡K wejyß K‡i eëmv nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges

hvKvZ I mv`vKvni gva¨‡g webv my‡` A_©nxb‡ì mvnvh¨ Kivi eë¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q| my` cÖ_v wejyß K‡i

gnvb Avjøvn ZvAvjv †NvlYv K‡ib- Ò Avjøvn eëmv‡K nvjvj Ges my`‡K nvivg K‡i‡Qb|Ó (Avj

KziAvb)

m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbvt Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq m¤ú‡ì gvwjK e¨w³, ivóª ev †Mvôx bq ; eis m¤ú‡ì cÖK…Z

gvwjK n‡jb Avjøvn| gvbyl ïay †fvM, `Lj I i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ| m~Zivs e¨w³i B”QvgZ

cvV t 3



m¤ú` e¨q I Kzw¶MZ Kivi my‡hvM †bB| G g‡g© Avj-KziAvb ej‡Q- ÒwbðqB G gnvwek¦ Avjøvni| wZwb

Zuvi ev›`v‡ì hv‡K B”Qv Gi wKQy As‡ki gvwjKvbv w`‡q _v‡Kb|Ó (Avj-KziAvb)

A_©‰bwZK mvg¨ cÖwZôvt Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z c~Y© A_©‰bwZK mvg¨ ev¯Íevqb ïay Ri~wi bq eis ivóª

cwiPvjbvi c‡¶I Zv GKvšÍ Avek¨K| ZvB Bmjvg ab-m¤ú` eÈ‡bi myôz eë¯’v K‡i w`‡q Ges

cÖ‡qvRbxq m¤ú` Rgv bv K‡i wbt¯ I Afvex‡ì gv‡S Zv eÈb K‡i w`‡Z eva¨ K‡i‡Q|

m¤ú`nxb‡ì Ask cwi‡kvat gnvb Avjøvni m„ó Rxe wn‡m‡e mKj gvby‡liB wiwh‡Ki eë¯’v K‡i

_v‡Kb| A_P m¤ú` `vb K‡i‡Qb KwZcq we‡kl e¨w³‡K| G‡Z †evSv hvq †h, m¤ú` hvi nv‡ZB _vKzK

bv †Kb, Zv‡Z mK‡jiB AwaKvi Av‡Q| gnvb Avjøvn †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb- Ò†Zvgv‡ì ab-m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨

Mexi-wgmKxb‡ìI nK Av‡Q|Ó (Avj-KziAvb)

wZwb Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb- ÒZv‡ì (Mixe‡ì) nK‡K kl¨ KZ©‡bi w`bB w`‡q `vI|Ó (Avj-KziAvb)

hvKvZ eë¯’vi cÖeZ©bt gvby‡li AwR©Z m¤ú‡ì wbw ©ó Ask hvKvZ wn‡m‡e cÖ vb Kiv Bmjv‡gi weavb,

hv Bmjv‡gi eywbqv‡ì Ab¨Zg| hvKv‡Zi gva¨‡g m¤ú` cwiï× I ewa©Z nq, hv Abv`v‡q wKqvg‡Z

KwVb kvw¯Íi msev` cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| m~Zivs Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ n‡jv hvKvZwfwËK

A_© eë¯’v cÖeZ©b|

DËivwaKvi AvBbt Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq g„Z e¨w³i FY, IwmqvZ I `vdb Li‡Pi ci Aewkó m¤ú`

weavb gZ Zvi DËivwaKvi‡ì g‡a¨ eÈ‡bi myeë¯’v i‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j g„Z e¨w³i †i‡L hvIqv m¤c`

e¨q-eÈ‡b †Kvb Amyweavi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq bv|

MbxgZ ev hy×jä m¤ú` e¨qt Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq wRnv` ev hy‡× cÖvß wewRZ m¤ú`‡K cuvP fvM K‡i-

Gi 4 Ask †hv×v‡ì gv‡S Ges 1 Ask RvZxq mgvRKj¨vYKi Kv‡R e¨q Kivi wb‡ ©k i‡q‡Q|

evqZzj gvj MVb t Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z evqZzj gvj ev miKvwi †KvlvMvi MV‡bi wb‡ ©k i‡q‡Q| ivóªxq

Av‡qi GKwU Ask evqZzj gv‡j Rgv _vK‡e| †`‡ki †h †Kvb wbiæcvq e¨w³ ev wbivkª‡qi i¶Yv‡e¶Y,

fiY-†cvlY iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨| GgbwK, g„Z e¨w³ hw` cwievi wb‡q euvPvi ZvwM‡` FY K‡i _v‡K

Ges cwi‡kva Kiv Zvi c‡¶ m¤¢e bv nq, Zvn‡j †m FY cwi‡kv‡ai `vwqZ¡ iv‡óªi Dci b¨¯Í n‡e|

Ggwbfv‡e wewfbœgyLx cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq Avw_©K myweav weav‡bi Rb¨ Bmjvgx ivóª evqZzj gvj MVb K‡i

_v‡K|

myôz kªgbxwZ cÖeZ©bt Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq myôz kªgbxwZ cÖwZwôZ nq| Bmjvg mKj kªg‡K h_vh_

g~j¨vqb K‡i _v‡K| kª‡gi gh©v`v i¶vq I Dbœq‡b ˆbwZKfv‡e RbMY‡K cÖ ‘Z K‡i| kªwgK gvwjK‡K

fvB fvB wn‡m‡e G‡K Ac‡ii mn‡hvMxZv I m¤ú~iK wn‡m‡e wPwÎZ K‡i| kªwgK‡K e‡j‡Q wb‡Ri

†hvM¨Zv, wbôv I mZZvi mv‡_ gvwj‡Ki Kv‡R kªgwewb‡qvM Ki‡Z| Avi gvwjK‡K e‡j‡Q kªwg‡Ki kª‡gi

h_v_© g~j¨ w`‡Z| wb¤œZg gRywi wba©viY Kivi I weavb Bmjvg †`q| kªwg‡Ki Mv‡qi Nvg ïKvevi Av‡MB

Zvi cvwikªwgK cÖ v‡bi K_v e‡j‡Q|

g~j¨ wbqš¿Y wewat Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq cY¨‡K mnRjf¨ Kivi cÖwZ Drmvn cÖ vb K‡i‡Q| A¯vfvweK

g~j¨ wba©viY, gRy` K‡i gybvdv jvf‡K A‰ea †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| †µZv-we‡µZv‡ì g‡a¨ A¯vfvweK

cwiw¯’wZ‡Z g~j¨wba©viY Kivi eë¯’vqI i‡q‡Q| G‡Z MY gvby‡li myweav‡KB cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q|

kixAvZ Øviv wbqwš¿Zt Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© êwkó¨ nj- G A_©bxwZi mKj welq Ges mvgMÖxK

eë¯’vcbv bxwZ I Av`k©, Bmjvgx kixAvZ Øviv wbqwš¿Z I cwiPvwjZ| kixAvZ mg_©b K‡i bv, Ggb

†Kvb bxwZ ev Kg©KvÛ Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq ei`vkZ Kiv n‡e bv| †Kvb Ae¯’vqB kixAvZ we‡ivax †Kvb

ZrciZv Pvjv‡Z †`q bv|

RbKj¨vYg~jKt Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi eo êwkó¨ nj- GUv n‡”Q MYgvby‡li Ges RbKj¨vYg~jK

A_©eë¯’v| mgv‡Ri gvby‡li Kj¨vY mva‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨B Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi hveZxq Kg©ZrciZv

cwiPvwjZ nq| mxwgZ A_© w`‡q wKfv‡e êa Dcv‡q gvby‡li Amxg mgm¨v‡K mgvavb Kiv hvq †m wPšÍvB

G A_©-eë¯’vi †K› ªxq j¶¨| gvbyl I gvbeZvi AKj¨vYKi wKQy †nvK Bmjvgx eë¯’v Zv Pvq bv Ges

Ki‡Z †`q bv|


c„ôv-19

my`wenxb e¨vswKst Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi Ab¨Zg Av‡iKwU eo êwkó¨ n‡”Q- my`wenxb e¨vswKs cÖeZ©b|

mvaviY MYgvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y my`wenxb †jb-‡`‡bi eë¯’v KivB Bmjvgx e¨vswKs Gi D‡Ïk¨| †jb-†`‡bi

†Kvb ch©v‡q Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v my`‡K mg_©b K‡i bv| GUvB Bmjvgx e¨vswKs eë¯’vq wbwðZ Kiv

n‡q‡Q|

eëmv-evwYR¨ cÖeZ©bt eëmv-evwYR¨ Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi PvwjKv kw³| gnvb Avjøvn my`‡K nvivg

†NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| GB †NvlYv‡K mvg‡b †i‡L Ges RbKj¨v‡Yi w`‡K j¶¨ †i‡LB Bmjvgx eëmvq bxwZ

wba©viY K‡i‡Q|

Ryqv-jUvix wbwl×t Ryqv I jUvixi gva¨‡g A_© DcvR©b gvbeZvi R‡b¨ AviI GKwU Awfkvc| G

Awfkvc †_‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ Bmjvg Ryqv-jUvix‡K wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i‡Q|

Ace¨q I AcPq wbwl×t Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ nj- Bmjvg m¤ú‡ì hveZxq Ace¨q I

AcPq‡K wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| gnvb Avjøvn G cÖm‡½ e‡jb t

K. ÒLvI, cvb K‡iv, wKš‘ AcPq K‡iv bv| Avjøvn AcPqKvix‡K fvjev‡mb bv|Ó

L. ÒwbðqB Ace¨qKvix kqZv‡bi fvB|Ó

eëmvq-evwY‡R¨ AmvayZv wbwl×t Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z eëmvq-evwY‡R¨ AmZZv, cÖZviYv, dUKvevwR,

~bxwZ, IR‡b duvwK, †fRvj, wg_¨v kc_ BZ¨vKvi hveZxq AmvayZv wbwl× i‡q‡Q|

mviK_v

DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖw¶‡Z Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vB gvby‡li mvwe©K Kj¨vY mva‡b

mg_© GKgvÎ A_©eë¯’v| GUv GKw`‡K †hgb gvby‡li †gŠwjK Ges Acwinvh© cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi `vwqZ¡

†bq| Abyiƒcfv‡e GUv wbqgZvwš¿K ¯vaxbZv I c~Y© wbivcËv `vb K‡i| GUv GKw`‡K †hgb †kvlY I

jyÉ‡bi mKj cÖKvi c_ eÜ K‡i, Aciw`‡K Ab¨vq, wejvwmZv I jvjmv PwiZv‡_©i cÖvmv`‡KI P~Y© K‡i

†`q|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb


1. Bmjvg †Kvb RvZxq Rxebeë¯’v‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i?

K. cyuwRev`x Rxebeë¯’v L. mgvRev`x Rxebeë¯’v

M. c~Y©v½ I A_©‰bwZK fvimvg¨c

Y©Rxeb eë¯’v N. Dc‡ii mKj DËiB mwVK|

2. hvKvZ wfwËK A_©eë¯’vi cÖeZ©b-

K. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi cÖavb êwkó¨ L. cyuwRev`x A_©eë¯’vi êwkó¨

M. mgvRev`x A_©eë¯’vi êwkó¨ N. ag©wbi‡c¶ A_©eë¯’vi g~j j¶¨|

3. Bmjvgx iv‡óªi evqZzjgvj e¨‡qi LvZ †KvbwU?

K. wbivkª‡qi i¶Yv‡e¶Y L. g„Z e¨w³i FY Av`vq

M. Ri~wi Ae¯’vi mgq e¨q Kiv N. Dc‡ii mKj DËiB mwVK|

4. wbðq Ace¨qKvix kqZv‡bi fvB-GwU Kvi evYx?

K. Bmjv‡gi L. nv`x‡mi

M. gnvb Avjøvni N. Dc‡ii mKj DËiB mwVK|


1. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi êwkó¨¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|



abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi mv‡_ Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi Zzjbv

D‡Ïk¨


abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi mv‡_ Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gvbe mf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m eû wmm‡Ug ev eë¯’v I gZev‡ì DÌvb-cZb N‡U‡Q| cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K AvR

ch©šÍ Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb I gyw³i D‡Ï‡k¨ avivevwnKfv‡e ˆbivRëv`, mvgšÍev`, cyuwRev`, mgvRev`,

d¨vmxev` Ges Bmjvgx A_©‰bwZK gZev‡ì Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cyuwRev` I mgvRev`‡K AvaywbK

Z_v mvaviY A_©‰bwZK gZev` ejv n‡q _v‡K| G yÕwU gZev`B cÖvwšÍK I Pig fvevcbœ Ges m‡e©vcwi

gvbeZv we‡ivax I ˆbwZKZv weewR©Z| Avi Bmjvg GZ yf‡qi gaëZx© GKwU fvimvg¨c~Y© I KvjRqx

A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v wek¦evmxi mvg‡b Dc ’vcb K‡i‡Q|

wb‡¤œ Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi mv‡_ AvaywbK Z_v mvaviY A_©bxwZi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Kiv njt

1. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v mgv‡R Bmjvgx Av`‡k© Av¯’vkxj gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K AvaywbK A_©bxwZ mgv‡R emevmKvix gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

K‡i|

2. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v cweÎ KziAvb-mybœvn wb‡ ©wkZ c‡_ êa Avq‡K Aby‡gv`b K‡i| gnvb Avjøvn

e‡jb, Ò†n gvbeRvwZ ! c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQy nvjvj I cweÎ Zv †_‡K †fvM Ki Ges KL‡bv kqZv‡bi

c`v¼ AbymiY K‡iv bv, KviY †m †Zvgv‡ì cÖKvk¨ kÎæ|Ó ÔÔAvj-KziAvbÕÕ wKš‘ AvaywbK A_©eë¯’v

Avq-DcvR©‡bi êa ev A‰ea c_ wb‡q gv_v Nvgvq bv|

3. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v †KejgvÎ A_©‰bwZK Dcv`vb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i bv| Zv ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK,

agx©q I ˆbwZK Dcv`vb wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, AvaywybK A_©bxwZ g~jZ A_©‰bwZK welq

wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i|

4. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq †fv³v wKsev Drcv`K mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi AwaKvix bq| GKgvÎ gnvb Avjøvn

ZvAvjvB mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi AwaKvix| Ab¨w`‡K, AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z †fv³v wKsev Drcv`K

mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi `vwe`vi|

5. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq e¨w³ Zvi m¤úwËi P~ovšÍ gvwjK bq| Av‡cw¶K A‡_© gvwjK gvÎ| c¶všÍ‡i,

AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z e¨w³ Zvi m¤úwËi P~ovšÍ gvwjK|

6. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq m¤ú` mxwgZ bq| wKš‘ m¤ú`‡K eënvi Dc‡hvMx Kivi Dcvq wKsev cÖ‡Póv

mxwgZ| c¶všÍ‡i AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z m¤ú` mxwgZ|

7. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq Drcv`b, †fvM wKsev eÈb A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi P~ovšÍ j¶¨ bq| P~ovšÍ j¶¨

n‡”Q mªóvi mš‘wó AR©b| c¶všÍ‡i AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b, †fvM wKsev eÈb A_©‰bwZK

Kg©Kv‡Ûi P‚ovšÍ j¶¨|

8. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq Drcv`‡bi j¶¨ †Kej gybvdv AR©b bq| me©vwaK mvgvwRK Kj¨vY mva‡bi

j‡¶¨ Mixe I wbt¯‡ì †fv‡Mi wbwgË GKZidv wewbg‡qi (A_©vr †Kvb `vg bv wb‡q) RbÏ

Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`‡bi GKgvÎ j¶¨ n‡”Q

gybvdv AR©b|

9. evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z wK wK ªe¨ Drcvw`Z n‡e Zv Kvh©Kix Pvwn`v (effective demand) Øviv wba©vwiZ

nq| c¶všÍ‡i, Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z Zv Kvh©Kix Pvwn`v Ges Mixe I ytLxi Rb¨ A_©‰bwZK wbðqZv

(economic provisioning) weav‡bi we‡ePbvi Øviv wba©vwiZ nq|

cvV t 4


c„ôv-21

10. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq cY¨ wewbgq n‡”Q mgwšZ wewbgq Ges GK Zidv n¯ÍvšÍi (integrated exchange and one-way transfer) hv Bmjvgx g~j¨‡eva, evRvi Ges evRvi ewnf‚©Z Dcv`vb Øviv

wbqwš¿Z| Ab¨w`‡K, AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z wewbgq m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c evRvi eë¯’v Øviv wbqwš¿Z|

11. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq mgvRKj¨v‡Yi aviYv AvaywbK mgvRKj¨v‡Yi aviYv †_‡K c„_K| Bmjvgx

A_©eë¯’v GKwU j‡¶ï fvj-g›` we‡ePbv K‡i Ges GUv j¶¨-wbi‡c¶ bq| Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq

mgvR Kj¨vY‡K me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡ cÖ vb K‡i hv Avw_©K gvb`Û w`‡q cwigvc Kiv hvq bv| Bmjvg

gvbweK Kj¨v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Z¨vM‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i Ges G Z¨v‡Mi cyi¯‹vi gnvb Avjøvn ZvAvjvi

Kv‡Q iw¶Z Av‡Q| Z¨vM I Kj¨v‡Yi my¯úó bxwZgvjv KziAvb I nv`x‡m wea„Z Av‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K,

AvaywbK mgvRKj¨v‡Yi welqwU Z¨v‡Mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq Ges Gi gvbeKj¨v‡Yi aviYvwUI

KziAvb-nv`xm mgw_©Z aviYv bq|

12. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v Abyhvqx gvbyl GKwU mvgvwRK, ˆbwZK Ges agx©q Rxe| Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq

ˆbwZKZv‡K cÖvavb¨ †`q| Ab¨w`‡K AvaywbK A_©bxwZ Abyhvqx gvbyl ïay GKwU mvgvwRK Rxe|

ˆbwZKZvi welqwU GLv‡b D‡cw¶Z|

13. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq gvby‡li mKj wKQy cvIqvi AvKv•¶vi bvg Afve bq| KziAvb-nv`xm KZ…©K

Aby‡gvw`Z Ges gvby‡li Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq ªe¨mg~n cvIqvi AvKv•¶v n‡”Q Afve|

Ab¨w`‡K, AvaywbK A_©eë¯’vq †h †Kvb e¯‘ cvIqvi AvKv•¶v n‡”Q Afve|

14. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq Afve Awbqwš¿Z Ges jvMvgnxb bq| AvaywbK A_©eë¯’vq Afve Awbqwš¿Z Ges

Amxg|

15. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq †Kvb& AfvewU cÖ_‡g c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e †mUv Bmjvgx g~j¨‡ev‡ai Øviv cÖfvweZ|

AvaywbK A_©eë¯’vq †Kvb& AfvewU‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e †m e¨vcv‡i †Kvb aiveuvav bxwZgvjv

†bB|

16. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq Afve c~i‡Yi †¶‡Î AMÖvwaKvi (priority) wba©vi‡Yi welqwU mgvRKj¨vY

m¤úwK©Z we‡ePbvi mv‡_ A½v½xfv‡e RwoZ| Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v Abyhvqx H AfvewUB me©v‡MÖ c~iY

Ki‡Z n‡e, hØviv me©vwaK mgvRKj¨vY mywbwðZ nq| wKš‘ AvaywbK A_©eë¯’vq AMÖvwaKvi wba©viY

e¨w³MZ †Lqvj-Lykxi Ici wbf©ikxj|

17. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq `vg ewnf~©Z evRvi eë¯’v _vK‡Z cv‡i| k~b¨ `vg wKsev FYvZ¥K `v‡g †¶Î

we‡k‡l cY¨ wewbgq Pj‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z `vg ewnfy©Z †Kvb evRvi _vK‡Z cv‡i

bv| ZvB Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi evRvi AvaywbK A_©bxwZi evRv‡ii †P‡q eo|

18. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq evRvi-`vg eÈb aviYvi (equity consideration) Ici cÖwZwôZ, wKš‘

AvaywbK A_©eë¯’vq evRvi-`vg gybvdvi aviYvi Ici cÖwZôZ| d‡j Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq evRvi-

`vg AvaywbK A_©bxwZi evRvi-`v‡gi †P‡q wb¤œ|

19. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v my`wenxb Ges my` RvZxq Av‡qi AšÍfy©³ bq| c¶všÍ‡i, AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z my`

RvZxq Av‡qi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb|

20. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq †fv‡Mi cuvPwU bxwZ i‡q‡Q| bxwZ¸‡jv n‡”Q- (1) wePvi mvg¨, (2) cwi”QbœZv,

(3) AvZ¥mshg, (4) DcKvwiZv Ges (5) ˆbwZK Kj¨vY| †fv‡Mi †¶‡Î G cuvPwU bxwZ †g‡b Pj‡Z

n‡e| wKš‘ AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z †fv‡Mi †¶‡Î Giƒc aiv-euvav †Kvb wbqg †bB|

21. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq eZ©gvb †fvM n‡”Q cÖZ¨vwkZ I Kvw•¶Z Av‡qi (expected desirable income) A‡c¶K| Ab¨w`‡K, AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z eZ©gvb †fvM n‡”Q eZ©gvb Av‡qi A‡c¶K|

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ Mixe I wbt¯ †jvK‡ì cÖwZ D`vmxb bq| Zv‡ì eZ©gvb †fvM eZ©gvb Avq Øviv

†gUv‡bv hvq bv| Zv‡ì Rb¨ `vb, LqivZ I wewfbœ mgvR wbivcËvg~jK eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Avq

m„wó Kiv nq| G Avq n‡”Q Mixe I wbt¯ †jv‡Ki Rb¨ cÖZ¨vwkZ I Kvw•¶Z Avq| Abyiƒcfv‡e,

hviv abx Zv‡ì AwZwi³ Avq, hvKvZ Ges wdZiv cÖf„wZi gva¨‡g eÈ‡bi ci Aewkó †h Avq

_vK‡e, ZvB n‡”Q Zv‡ì cÖZ¨vwkZ Kvw•¶Z Avq| myZivs abx I Mixe Df‡qi †fvMI cÖZ¨vwkZ

Kvw•¶Z Av‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj| wKš‘ AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z Mwie I wbt¯‡ì Rb¨ ì` Abyfe Kivi

†Kvb AeKvk †bB| AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z ˆbwZK we‡ePbvI Abycw ’Z| ZvB AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z



eZ©gvb †fvM †KejgvÎ eZ©gvb Av‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj| hv‡ì Avq †bB, Zv‡ì †fvM Kivi †Kvb

AwaKvi †bB|

22. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq Kvh©Kix Pvwn`v Kvh©Kix cÖ‡qvR‡bi mv‡_ (effective need) m¤ú„³| Kvh©Kix

cÖ‡qvRb n‡”Q Ggb KZK¸‡jv †gŠwjK gvbweK cÖ‡qvRb, †h¸‡jv gvby‡li Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨

AZ¨vek¨K| Mixe I wbt¯‡ì µq¶gZv †bB e‡j Zviv Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq Kvh©Kix cÖ‡qvRb †_‡K

†Kvb‡µ‡gB ewÂZ n‡e bv| Kvh©Kix cÖ‡qvRb e¯‘MZ I Ae ‘MZ mKj cÖ‡qvRb‡K eySvq| myZivs

Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq Kvh©Kix cÖ‡qvRb Kvh©Kix Pvwn`vi †P‡q e¨vcK| AZGe Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v

n‡PQ- Kvh©Kix cÖ‡qvRb-Kvh©Kix Pvwn`v +†gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb -Gi mgwó| wKš‘ AvaywbK A_©eë¯’vq

Kvh©Kix Pvwn`vB GKgvÎ Pvwn`v|

23. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq †hvMv‡bi aviYvwUI GKUz wfbœ| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z hviv cuywRi Afv‡e Drcv`b

Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡ì‡K cyuwRi †hvMvb †`qvI GKwU ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡ g‡b Kiv nq| djkÖ“wZ‡Z

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z †hvMvb AvaywbK A_©bxwZi †hvMv‡bi †P‡q wfbœ| Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq †hvMvb

n‡jv m¤¢vebvgq ¶gZvwfwËK †hvMvb (Potential Capacity-based supply), hv Kg myweavcÖvß

Drcv`‡Ki †hvMvb Ges †ewk myweavcÖvß Drcv`‡Ki †hvMv‡bi †hvMd‡ji mgvb| †ewk myweavcÖvß

Drcv`K AeKvVv‡gvMZ Amyweavi Kvi‡Y `¶¯Í‡i Drcv`‡b m¶g bq| myZivs Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z

†gvU †hvMvb AvaywbK A_©bxwZi †gvU †hvMv‡bi †P‡q eo|

24. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq e¨w³MZ cQ›` n‡”Q (individual preference) kZ©mv‡c¶ Ges mgvR Kj¨vY

wbi‡c¶ bq eis Zv KziAvb-nv`x‡m ewY©Z bxwZgvjvi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© n‡q _v‡K| D`vniY ¯iƒc,

kn‡i hw` iv¯Ívq AwZwi³ †gvUiMvoxi wfo R‡g hvq, Z‡e Zv c_Pvix‡ì Amyweav m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i

wKsev AwZwi³ wkí-KviLvbv ¯’vc‡bi d‡j wkí-KviLvbvi †auvqvq cwi‡ek ~lY n‡Z cv‡i| G

mKj evwn¨K cÖfve †KejgvÎ †eAvBbx †h Zv bq, Zv KziAvb I mybœvni bxwZgvjv Ges ˆbwZKZviI

cwicš’x| wKš‘ AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z e¨w³MZ cQ‡›` Giƒc †Kvb ˆbwZKZv‡eva, agx©q Abykvmb

wKsev mgRKj¨v‡Yi we‡ePbv RwoZ bq| Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq e¨w³MZ cQ‡›ì (individual choice or preference) †¶‡Î `¶Zvi cvkvcvwk eÈbmvg¨ (equity) ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb

K‡i, wKš‘ AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z `¶Zvi we‡ePbvUvB gyL¨|

25. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq ªe¨ I †mev wKfv‡e Drcvw`Z n‡e, Zv Drcv`bKvix dvg©mg~‡ni g‡a¨ mxwgZ

cÖwZ‡hvwMZv I m‡PZb mn‡hvwMZvi Øviv wba©vwiZ nq| c¶všÍ‡i, evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z Zv wba©vwiZ nq

dvg©mg~‡ni g‡a¨ Zxeª cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Øviv|

26. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z ivR¯ eë¯’vi g~j j¶¨ n‡”Q, Av‡qi mylg eÈb Ges Mixe I wbt¯ †jvK‡ì

gv‡S †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRbxq (basic needs) ªe¨vw` mieivn Kiv| Bmjvgx ivR¯ eë¯’v mvaviYZ G

j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ hvKvZ, wRwRqv, LvivR ev f~wgKi, Lygym (khums), jyKZvn& ivR¯ (lukatah revenue), mv`Kvn (sadaqah), Kvd&dviv Av`vq K‡i _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K, AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z ivR¯

eë¯’vi cÖavb j¶¨ n‡”Q ivóªxq LiP wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ A_©msMÖn Kiv Ges KiB n‡”Q Zvi †gv¶g A¯¿|

mgvRKj¨v‡Yi aviYv Giƒc A_©bxwZ‡Z †MŠY ev Abycw¯’Z|

Ic‡i ewY©Z mvaviY Z_v AvaywbK A_©bxwZi mv‡_ Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi Zzjbvg~jK wePv‡i †`Lv hvq,

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZB me©Rb M„nxZ I me©‡kªô| KviY GwU gnvb Avjøvn cÖ Ë| abZvwš¿K I mgvRZvwš¿K

A_©eë¯’v gvbeRvwZi A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi mgvavb w`‡Z A¶g| KviY G Dfq eë¯’v AvR gvbe RvwZi

cÖavb I †gŠwjK mgm¨v wn‡m‡e uvwo‡q‡Q| G mgm¨v †_‡K cwiÎvY †c‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì‡K GKgvÎ

Kj¨vYagx©, Av`k©ev`x I D`vi A_©eë¯’vi w`‡K avweZ n‡Z n‡e| Avi G eë¯’vi bvg n‡jv Bmjvgx

A_©eë¯’v, hv gvbeZvi mKj A_©‰bwZK cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z m¶g|


c„ôv-23

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb


GK_vq DËi w`b

1. cyuwRev` I mgvRev` mvaviYZ †Kvb gZev‡ì AšÍfz©³?

2. †Kvb A_©eë¯’vq Drcv`b, †fvM I eÈb A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi P‚ovšÍ j¶¨ bq?

3. †Kvb A_©bxwZ‡Z wewbgq m¤ú~Y©fv‡e evRvieë¯’v Øviv wbqwš¿Z?

4. †Kvb A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vq gvbyl‡K GKwU mvgvwRK Rxe wn‡m‡e aviYv Kiv nq?

k~b¨¯’vb c~ib Kiæb

1. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v ........ Bmjvgx ......... gvby‡li ........ Kg©KvÛ wb‡q......... K‡i|

2. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq ........ bq| wKš‘ ........ eënvi Dc‡hvMx Kivi ...... mxwgZ|

3. Bmjvgx ........ gvbyl GKwU ....., ˆbwZK ........... Rxe|

4. ........... A_©eë¯’v ............ wenxb Ges .......... RvZxq ............ bq|


1. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi mv‡_ AvaywbK A_©eë¯’vi Zzjbv Kiæb|



mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi mv‡_ Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi Zzjbv

D‡Ïk¨


mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb,

Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`‡Z cvi‡eb,

mgvRZwš¿K A_©eë¯’v Ges Bmjvgx eë¯’vi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’v t ÔGbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv weªUvwbKvÕi msÁvbymv‡i- Òmvgëv`x eë¯’vi j‡¶¨ eZ©gvb

eë¯’vi Zzjbvq AwaKZi myôz Drcv`b I eÈb eë¯’v cÖwZôvi Rb¨ †Kvb †K› ªxq MYZvwš¿K KZ©„c¶

RbM‡Yi h_vh_ AvbyM‡Zï Ici wfwËkxj †h cwjwm Aej¤b K‡i, Zv-B mgvRZš¿|Ó

Z‡e ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, cuywRev‡ì e¨_©Zv I Kzd‡ji d‡j mgvRZ‡š¿i D™¢e| G A_© eë¯’vi g~j n‡jv,

ab-m¤ú‡ì hveZxq Dcvq-Dcv`vb mgv‡Ri e¨w³e‡M©i mw¤§wjZ gvwjKvbvaxb _vK‡e| Kvh©Z

mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’v ivwkqvmn eû‡`‡k GKUv eo iK‡gi wWMevRx †L‡q‡Q Ges e¨_© n‡q cuywRev‡ì

-w`‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i‡Q| e¯‘Z mgvRZvwš¿K eë¯’vq M vwbmn gvby‡li wPšÍv, gZ I K‡g©i ¯vaxbZv niY

Kiv nq| Av_©-mvgvwRK ¯vaxbZv ej‡Z wKQyB _v‡K bv|

Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’v t Bmjvgx A_©bxwZwe`MY Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vi msÁv wbiƒcY K‡i e‡jb- Ò†h mgvR

weÁvb Bmjvgx `k©‡bi Av‡jv‡K gymwjg AbycÖvwYZ Rb‡Mvôxi A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i, Zv-B

Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’v|Ó

e¨vcK A‡_© ejv hvq- Òm„wóKZ©v I wek¦wbqš¿K gnvb Avjøvn cÖ Ë mZ¨ Øxb Av‡ivwcZ Av`wk©K wek¦vmMZ

I ˆbwZK wewa-wb‡la i¶v K‡i Drcv`b, DcvR©b, eÈb, †fvM I eënvi msµvšÍ hveZxq ZrciZv

cwiPvjbvi Ávb I ev¯Íve Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i †h A_© eë¯’v cÖwZwôZ nq Zv-B Bmjvgx A_xwbwZ|Ó

Bmjvgx I mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vi g‡a¨ Zzjbv

mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †hvM¨Zvbymv‡i Ges cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Zvi cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i

eÈ‡bi bxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx| G D‡Ï‡k¨ mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`‡bi DcKiYmg~n ivóªvqË K‡i e¨w³

gvwjKvbvi D‡”Q` Ges e¨w³ ¯vaxbZv iwnZ K‡i| wKš‘ Bmjvg Ggb GK mgvR eë¯’vq wek¦vmx, hv

ewnK©vVv‡gvi w`K †_‡K cuywRev‡ì m „k g‡b n‡jI Av`k© I cÖwZôvb Øviv e¨vcKfv‡e wbqwš¿Z| wb‡¤œ

mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’v I Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨-wbiƒcY Kiv nj-

1. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq e¨w³ gvwjKvbv ¯xK…Z bq| G A_© eë¯’vq ivóªxq gvwjKvbv ¯xK…Z|

c¶všÍ‡i Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’v mywePvi Ges fvimvg¨c~Y© Z_v e¨w³gvwjKvbv ¯xK…Z Ges wbqwš¿KZ|

Z‡e e¨w³i m¤ú‡` ivóª I mgv‡Ri AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|

2. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq A‡_©vcvR©b I e¨q wbqš¿Y K‡i ivóª| e¨w³ iv‡óªi B”Qvbyhvqx K‡g©

wb‡qvwRZ nq| c¶všÍ‡i Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq A‡_©vcvR©b Kivi AwaKvi e¨w³i Rb¨ ¯xK…Z| A‡_©i

†fvM-eënvi I e¨‡qi Rb¨ Bmjvgx weavb Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ nq|

3. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq e¨w³ mivmwi cyuwR wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv m‡Ë¡I G eë¯’vq my`‡K

DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| †Kbbv, e¨vsK, exgv I miKvi my`‡K Pvjy †i‡L‡Q| Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq e¨w³

mivmwi cuywR wewb‡qvM Kivi AwaKvi iv‡L| G eë¯’vq my` wPiZ‡i wbwl× †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

my`‡Lv‡ii weiæ‡× Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv I Zuvi ivm~‡ji c¶ †_‡K hy× †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bmjvgx A_©

cvV t 5


c„ôv-25

eë¯’vq eëmv‡K êaZv `vb Kiv n‡q‡‡Q Ges hvKvZ, wdZiv, mv`vKv I `v‡bi gva¨‡g webv my‡`

A_©bxb‡ì mvnvh¨ Kivi weavb cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|

4. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq e¨w³ kªg Ges m¤ú` mvgwMÖKfv‡e iv‡óªi Øviv wbqwš¿Z| e¨w³ wb‡R †Kvb

m¤ú‡ì gvwjK bq| kªg eënv‡ii gva¨‡g †m ivóª †_‡K †ikb I fvZvw` †c‡q _v‡K| Bmjvgx A_©

eë¯’vq m¤ú‡ì cÖK…Z gvwjK n‡”Qb wek¦RM‡Zi m„wóKZ©v I cvjbKZ©v gnvb Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv| G

f~-c„‡ô gvbyl ïay Zvi m¤ú‡ì i¶Yv‡e¶YKvix| †m Avjøvni weavb Abyhvqx m¤ú` e¨q I msi¶Y

K‡i gvÎ|

5. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq A_©‰bwZK gyw³i Dci †Rvi †`qv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ivR‰bwZK Ges A_©‰bwZK

¯vaxbZv †mLv‡b Le© Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq Av_©-mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK, AvwZ¥K ¯vaxbZv

Ges gyw³i mgvb my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|

6. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq e¨w³i g½j wPšÍvi my‡hvM †bB| †m h‡š¿i gZ kªg †`q, wewbg‡q Lv`¨ I

e¯¿ †c‡q _v‡K| Ac‡ii g½j wPšÍv Kivi my‡hvM GLv‡b †bB| Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq wb‡Ri g½j

wPšÍv K‡i Ac‡ii g½j wPšÍv KiviI my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b e¨w³ Zvi cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi ci m¤ú`

D×„Ë _vK‡j Ggb KZK¸‡jv weav‡bi AvIZvq G‡m hvq, hvi d‡j †m Aci e¨w³i cÖwZ mvnvh¨-

mn‡hvwMZv, mnvbyf~wZ Ges Avw_©K Aby`vb w`‡Z AvMÖnx n‡q _v‡K|

7. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq e¨w³ gvby‡li cÖ‡qvR‡bi cÖwZ m¤ú~Y© D`vmxb| eis iv‡óªi cÖ‡qvR‡bB

e¨w³‡K eënvi Kiv nq| Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq e¨w³i Afve I cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi eë¯’v Kiv nq

Bmjvgx †PZbv‡eva I ˆbwZKZvi weKv‡ki Øviv| G eë¯’vq e¨w³ Zvi †Lqvj I LywkgZ m¤ú` †fvM

bv K‡i Avjøvni weavb gyZvweK †fvM I eÈb K‡i|

8. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq gvbyl‡K mgvR ev iv‡óªi †Mvjvg wn‡m‡e g‡b Kiv nq| G‡Z g‡b nq gvbyl

†hb ivóªxq †Mvjvgx Kivi Rb¨B Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Q| c¶všÍ‡i Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq gvbyl‡K ivóªxq

†Mvjvg wn‡m‡e wPšÍv Kiv nq bv| GLv‡b e¨w³¯vaxbZv ¯xK…Z| ZvB, Bmjvg gvbyl‡K ïay mvgvwRK

Rxeb wn‡m‡eB bq eis Av`wk©K I ˆbwZK Rxeb wn‡m‡e m„wói †miv e‡j ¯xK…wZ †`q|

9. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq e¨w³ Zvi wbR¯ cÖ‡qvR‡bi cwie‡Z© ivóªxq ev mvgvwRK cÖ‡qvR‡b KvR

K‡i _v‡K| G A_© eë¯’vq kªwgK‡K h‡š¿i gZ eë¯’v Kiv nq| kªg Ges Drcv`b Abymv‡i †fvM

Kivi AwaKvi GLv‡b Abycw¯’Z| Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq e¨w³ Zvi wbR cÖ‡qvRb, mgvR, ivóª,

Acivci gvbyl GgbwK Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxK~‡ji Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ I KvR K‡i _v‡K|

10. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq †kªYxnxb mgvR M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ e¨w³i ¯vZš¿ g~j¨vqY Kiv nq bv| e¨w³

iv‡óªi Kv‡Q Zvi mËv‡K mu‡c †`q, d‡j e¨w³-¯vaxbZv Le© nq| Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq gvbyl Avjøvni

ev›`vn Gi Zuvi Lwjdv wn‡m‡e Acivci gvbyl, mgvR ivóª Ges m„wóK~‡ji Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ KvR K‡i|

Kv‡Ri e¨vcv‡i e¨w³ ¯vaxb| Z‡e Bmjvg G ¯vaxbZv‡K †¯”QvPvix wn‡m‡e ¯xK…wZ †`q bv|

11. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq †kªYx êlg¨nxb eë¯’vi K_v ejv n‡jI Zv †køvMvb Qvov Avi wKQy bq|

e¯Ív‡e Zv‡ì g‡aÏ †kªYx êlg¨ m„wó n‡q‡Q| d‡j Zviv D`vi A_© eë¯’vi w`‡K hvÎv ïiæ K‡i‡Q|

Bgjv‡g kªwgK, gvwjK, cÖf~-f„Z¨, Kg©KZ©v, Kg©Pvix wn‡m‡e †Kvb †kªYx êl¨g †bB| †Kbbv Bmjvg

mKj gvbyl‡K mgvb „wó‡Z †`‡L Ges mK‡ji †ckv I Kg©‡K kª×v K‡i| GLv‡b GKRb

Av‡iKR‡bi cwic~iK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

12. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vq ¯vaxbfv‡e A_© DcvR©‡bi †Kvb wPšÍvB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †m AwaK kªg e¨q

Ki‡jI Zv iv‡óªi wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K|

Aci w`‡K Bmjvg m¤ú‡ì e¨w³ ¯vZš¿Zv ¶zbœ K‡i bv Ges e¨w³ AwaKvi niY K‡i bv| Z‡e

GLv‡b m¤ú` GK‡Kw› ªK bv K‡i mymg eÈ‡bi eë¯’v K‡i| d‡j mK‡j m¤ú‡ì †fvM I eënvi

Ki‡Z cv‡i|



13. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq evRvi Pvwn`v I ivóªhš¿ gRywi wba©viY K‡i| G‡Z b~b¨Zg gRywii M¨vivw›U

†Ìqvi K_v ejv nq| c¶všÍ‡i, Bmjv‡g evRvi Pvwn`v I †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi w`‡K †Lqvj

†i‡L Drcv`b I gRywi wba©viY Kiv nq|

14. mgvRZvwš¿K A_© eë¯’vq m¤ú` Drcv`‡b †Kvb ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai w`‡K j¶ ivLv nqbv| RbM‡Yi

Pvwn`vbyhvqx e¯‘ev`x gZev‡` wek¦vmx n‡q GLv‡b Drcv`b Kiv nq| c¶všÍ‡i Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq

bxwZ-‰bwZKZv‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv nq| RbM‡Yi †Lqvj LywgZ †fvM-wejv‡mi Rb¨ GLv‡b Drcv`b Kiv

nq bv| Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq nvivg ªe¨ Drcv`b, evRviRvZKiY m¤ú~Y© wbwl×|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb

ˆbe© w³K DËi cÖkœ

DËi mwVK n‡j ÔmÕ Avi wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

1. cuywRev‡ì e¨_©Zv I Kzd‡ji Dci mgvRZ‡š¿i DrcwË n‡q‡Q|

2. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vq gvby‡li wPšÍv, gZ I K‡g©i ¯vaxbZv i‡q‡Q|

3. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vq Drcv`b, DcvR©b, eÈb I eënvimn mewKQy e¨w³ Zvi †Lqvj-LywkgZ

wbqš¿Y K‡i|

4. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vq e¨w³ mivmwi cuywR wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

5. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vq e¨w³ gvby‡li cÖ‡qvR‡bi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj _v‡K|

6. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vq m¤ú` Drcv`‡b bxwZ-‰bwZKZv‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv nq|

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vi cwiPq w`b|

2. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© mvgvb¨ aviYv w`b|

3. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vi mv‡_ Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi cuvPwU cv_©K¨ Zz‡j aiæb|

iPbvg~jK DËi cÖkœ

1. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vi mv‡_ Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY Kiæb|


c„ôv-27

A_©‰bwZK wbivcËvq Bmjvg

D‡Ïk¨


Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’v m¤c‡K© aviYv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgv‡R A_©‰bwZK wbivcËv weav‡b Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi f‚wgKv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Bmjvg GKwU c~Y©v½ Rxeb `k©b I cwic~Y© Rxeb eë¯’v| ZvB Bmjvg wek¦gvb‡ei ¯’vqx kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq I

Kj¨vYgq A_© eë¯’v †ck K‡i‡Q| GKgvÎ Bmjvgx A_©bxwZB wek¦gvbeZv‡K cÖK…Z gbyl¨‡Z¡i DbœZ

gh©v`vq Awfwl³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvovI gvby‡li mKj cÖKvi A_©‰bwZK mgm¨vi myôz mgvavb I ¯’vqx

Kj¨vY mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i| g~jZt Bmjv‡gi A_©-`k©b Rxeb `k©‡bi GKwU Acwinvh© Ask| ZvB Bmjvgx

Rxeb `k©b, ag©, K…wó I mf¨Zv Ges A_©bxwZ GKB m~‡Î Muv_v| G Rb¨B A_© eë¯’v ev¯Íevq‡b mgv‡R

cwic~Y© kvwšÍ I wbivcËv ¯’vwcZ n‡Z cv‡i| Acic‡¶ cvðv‡Zï gvbe iwPZ cyuwRev`x I mgvRev`x A_©

eë¯’v gvbeZvi Kj¨vY mva‡b Pigfv‡e e¨_© n‡q‡Q|

Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v Kx

Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ wK †Kvb c×wZ ev eë¯’v, bv wewae× kv¯¿ ev weÁvb, G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb †Kvb

A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f` †`Lv hvq| e¯‘Z Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ GKwU wm‡÷g Ges wewae× kv¯¿ I

weÁvb DfqB| Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v mgvRweÁv‡bi GKwU kvLv| AvaywbK A_©bxwZi g‡ZvB Bmjvgx

A_©bxwZI mgvR †_‡K wew”Qbœ †Kvb e¨w³i AvPiY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i bv| Z‡e Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z

AvaywbK A_©bxwZi ¯v_©ciZv I D`vmxbZvi cwie‡Z© ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡a mwµq| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi msÁv

wn‡m‡e Bmjvgx A_©bxwZwe`MY †h mKj msÁv w`‡q‡Qb, Zvi mvie¯‘ n‡”Q, Ò†h mgvRweÁvb Bmjvgx

fveavivq AbycÖvwYZ Rb‡Mvôxi A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i, Zv-B Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ|Ó Aciw`‡K

†h kv¯¿ gvbe Rxe‡bi ˆ`bw›`b A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vejx ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i, Zv AvaywbK A_©kv¯¿ wn‡m‡e

msÁvwqZ| G‡Z g~j¨‡eva I ˆbwZKZvi †Kvb ¯’vb †bB|

mgv‡R kvwšÍ I wbivcËvq Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v

Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’v AvaywbK abZvwš¿K I mgvRZvwš¿K yB Pig eë¯’vi gaëZx© GK myôz I mywePvic~Y©

A_©eë¯’v| Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq m¤ú` GK‡Kw› ªK bv K‡i mylg eÈ‡bi eë¯’v i‡q‡Q| m~Zivs Bmjvgx

A_©eë¯’v ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j mvgvwRK kvwšÍ I wbivcËvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwi‡ek weivR Ki‡e| mgv‡R

kvwšÍ I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi †¶‡Î Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vi Ae`vb¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc-

`vwi`ª we‡gvPb

mgv‡Ri gvbyl hLb AvcÖvY cÖ‡Póv K‡iI Rxeb avi‡Yi †gŠwjK Pvwn`v- Abœ, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, wPwKrmv I

wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z m¶g nq bv| ZLb gvbyl Kz-wicy I Kz-cÖe„wËi Zvobvq Aciv‡ai w`‡K avweZ nq

Ges mgv‡R Aciva cÖeYZv e„w× cvq| ZvB Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v¸‡jv c~i‡Yi

eë¯’v i‡q‡Q| Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvRbvwZwi³ m¤ú`- hvKvZ, mv`vKvn, `vb-LqivZ,

IqvwmqvZ BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g mvgvwRK I mvgMÖxK ¯v‡_© e¨q Kivi weavb i‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB Bmjvgx A_©

eë¯’v ev¯Íevqb n‡j `vwi‡ ªi Aemvb N‡U| d‡j mgv‡R kvwšÍ I wbivcËv wbwðZ nq|

mylg A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vi cÖwZôv

mgv‡Ri GK †kªYxi †jvK hLb m¤ú‡ì cvnvo M‡o wejvm-em‡b w`b KvUvq; c¶všÍ‡i Aci †kªYx

Abvnv‡i-Aa©vnv‡i gvb‡eZi Rxeb hvcb K‡i, ZLbB mgv‡R wnsmv-we‡Øl, Pzwi-WvKvwZ, jyU-ZivR,

wnsmv-wRNvsmv BZ¨vw` kvwšÍ webóKvix Kvh©Kjvc msNwUZ nq| d‡j mgv‡R AkvwšÍ †`Lv †`q Ges

cÖ‡Z¨‡K AkvwšÍ I wbivcËvnxbZvq †fv‡M| wKš‘ Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ Pvjy n‡j m¤ú` KwZcq e¨w³i nv‡Z

cywÄf~Z _v‡K bv ; eis abx-`wi‡ ªi g‡a¨ A_©‰bwZK fvimvg¨ eRvq _v‡K| mgvR GK mylg A_©‰bwZK

eë¯’vi mydj †fvM Ki‡Z _v‡K| d‡j mgv‡R kvwšÍ I wbivcËv eRvq _v‡K|

cvV t 6



Kg©ms¯’v‡bi †¶Î m„wó

†eKviZ¡ GK me©MÖvmx Awfkvc| †eKviZ¡ `vwi ª †W‡K Av‡b Ges wewfbœ Aciva cÖeYZvi w`‡K †V‡j

†`q| ZvQvov A‡b‡K g~ja‡bi Afv‡e †Kvb K‡g©i ms¯’vb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Bmjvgx mgv‡R cÖ‡Z¨K

bvMwi‡Ki b~¨bZg cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ miKv‡ii| GRb¨ Bmjvg wb‡ ©wkZ hvKvZ, mv`Kvn, `vb-

LqivZ BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g †jvK‡ì Afve we‡gvPb Kiv nq| hvKvZ I mv`Kvni A_© msMÖn K‡i Bmjvgx

mgv‡R wewfbœ ai‡bi wkí-KviLvbv I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi †¶Î m„wó Kiv nq Ges †jvK‡ì †eKvi nvZ‡K Kgx©i

nv‡Z I wf¶z‡Ki nvZ‡K `vZvi nv‡Z cwiYZ K‡i| d‡j Av_©-mvgvwRK ¯”QjZv m„wó nq Ges mgv‡R

kvwšÍ I wbivcËv eRvq _v‡K|

A‡_©i †jvf `~i nq

K_vq e‡j, A_©B Ab‡_©i g~j| A‡_©i †gvnB gvbyl‡K BZi †_‡K BZiZi ch©v‡q bvwg‡q †`q| A‡_©i

†gvn gvbyl‡K AÜ K‡i †Zv‡j| G Ae¯’vq gvbyl nvjvj nviv‡gi †Kvb wePvi bv K‡i| †h †Kvb Dcv‡q

A‡_©vcvR©b Kivi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †b‡g c‡o| Avi mgv‡R m„wó K‡i AkvwšÍ I AivRKZv| wKš‘ Bmjvgx

A_© eë¯’vq A‡_©i cÖwZ D`MÖ †gvn I jvjmv‡K ~ixf~Z K‡i w`‡q‡Q, A_©‡K gvby‡li Rxe‡bi g~jj¶¨

wn‡m‡e bq, eis Rxeb avi‡Yi GKwU Dcvq wn‡m‡e wba©viY K‡i‡Q| GRb¨ †KD †hb A‡_©i cvnvo M‡o

Zzj‡Z bv cv‡i, Bmjvg †m eë¯’v w`‡q‡Q| d‡j Bmjvgx mgv‡R A‡_©i †gvn _v‡K bv, G eë¯’vq cÖwZwU

gvbyl Avjøvn fxwZ‡K cÖvavb¨ †`q| †h †Kvb Kg©Kv‡Û gvbyl gvby‡li Dci we‡kl K‡i kªwgK †kªYxi Dci

hyjg-wbh©vZb Kiv †_‡K weiZ _v‡K| G‡Z mgv‡R kvwšÍ, k„sLjv I wbivcËv wbwðZ nq|

åvZ…Z¡ I mv‡gï cwi‡ek m„wó

Bmjvgx A_©-`k©‡bi g~j j¶¨ n‡”Q, mgv‡Ri gvby‡li g‡a¨ mvgvwRK m¤cÖxwZ, mvg¨ I åvZ…Z¡fve M‡o

†Zvjv| mgv‡R kvwšÍ I wbivcËv weavb Kivi c~e©kZ© n‡”Q mvgvwRK m¤cÖxwZ I åvZ…Z¡ m„wó| Bmjvgx A_©

eë¯’vq mgv‡R cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl Ac‡ii cÖ‡qvRb‡K wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡i Ges me© v A‡bï Afve I

cÖ‡qvRb †gvP‡b mwµqfv‡e GwM‡q Av‡m| Avj KziAv‡bi wk¶vi Av‡jv‡KB gvbyl-gvby‡li cÖwZ mvg¨ I

åvZ…‡Z¡i nvZ evwo‡q †`q| gnvbex (mv) Gi wk¶v G Kv‡R gvbyl‡K DØy× K‡i| gvnbex (mv) e‡j‡Qb-

†h e¨w³ †cU f‡i Lvq Avi Zvi cÖwZ‡ekx Abvnv‡i ivZ KvUvq †m Avgvi D¤§Zfy³ bq| d‡j mgv‡R

åvZ…Z¡ I mvg¨ m„wó nq Ges AkvwšÍ ~ixf~Z n‡q hvq|

mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve m„wó

Bmjvgx A_©-`k©‡b GKB mv‡_ e¨w³ ¯v_© I mvgMÖxK ¯v_© weRwoZ| ZvB cvi¯úwiK Ø›Ø, msNvZ I

cÖwZØw›ØZvi cwie‡Z© cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv M‡o I‡V| ZvQvov G‡Z mnvbyf~wZ, mngwg©Zv, e`vb¨Zv,

gnvbyfeZv I åvZ…Z¡‡evag~K gnr ¸YivwRiI weKvk N‡U| Avi cvi¯úwiK mnvbyf~wZ, mn‡hvwMZv I

mnbkxjZv mgv‡R kvwšÍ I wbivcËvi Rb¨ Acwinvh©I e‡U| †hgb- GLv‡b abx-`wi ª I gvwjK-kªwgK‡K

wec¶ bv a‡i eis ci¯ú‡ii eÜz wn‡m‡e g‡b Kiv nq| G A_© eë¯’vq G‡K Ac‡ii m¤ú~iK wn‡m‡e

KvR K‡i| cÖf~-f„Z¨ wn‡m‡e bq| hvi d‡j mgv‡R kvwšÍ I wbivcËv weivR K‡i|

A_©‰bwZK mywePvi cÖwZôv

g~jZ Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’v A_©‰bwZK b¨vqwePv‡ii-B bvgvšÍi| Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’v cÖwZwôZ n‡j mgvR

†_‡K A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î hveZxq AbvPvi I AwePvi ~i n‡q my›ì, myôz I Kj¨vYKi b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôv jvf

K‡i, hv mgv‡R kvwšÍ I wbivcËvi Rb¨ Acwinvh©|

myôz eÈb eë¯’vi cÖeZ©b

Bmjvg b¨vqwePvig~jK Rxebweavb wbwðZ K‡i| ZvB †kªYx‰elg¨ Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ‡Z ¯’vb cvq bv| Ab¨

†h †Kvb mgv‡R †`Lv hvq †h, GK †kªYxi gvbyl mgv‡R mxgvnxb m¤ú‡ì cÖvPz‡h© Mv fvwm‡q †`q| Avi

Aci †kªYx ewÂZ, wbt¯ n‡q gvb‡eZifv‡e †eu‡P _v‡K| Bmjv‡gi Bbmvd wfwËK eÈb eë¯’v cÖeZ©b

K‡iB Giƒc êlg¨ ~i Kiv hvq| GR‡b¨ Bmjvg hvKvZ, wdZiv, evqZzj gvj BZ¨vwì eë¯’v K‡i‡Q|

DËivwaKvi eÈ‡bi d‡j kvwšÍ

DËivwaKvi m¤úwËi eÈ‡bi †¶‡Î mgv‡R A‡bK mgq msNv‡Zi m„wó nq| ZvQvov A‡bK mgv‡R

DËivwaKvi eÈ‡bi myôz weavb †bB| d‡j gvivZ¥K mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i| wKš‘ Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq myôz


c„ôv-29

DËivwaKvi bxwZ i‡q‡Q| Bmjv‡gi DËivwaKvi bxwZi mdj cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g m¤ú` h_v_© ewÈZ nq|

d‡j m¤ú`-m¤úwË msµvšÍ wewj eÈb wb‡q eû weev`-Kjn †_‡K mgvR gy³ nq| gvbyl m¤ú‡ì Afv‡e

A_©‰bwZK ˆ`b¨Zvq †fv‡M bv| Avi G‡Z mgv‡R m¤cÖxwZ M‡o D‡V|

A‰ea eëmv-evwYR¨ wbwl×

A‰ea eëmv-evwYR¨ I Kv‡jvevRvix mgv‡R AkvwšÍ m„wó K‡i| †kvlYgy³ mgvR eë¯’v cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨

Bmjvg hveZxq A‰ea eëmv-evwYR¨ I A_©‰bwZK AbvPvi †hgb- my`, Nyl, Ryqv, gRyZ`vix, gybvdvKvix,

Kv‡jvevRvixmn Ab¨vb¨ ˆbwZKZv we‡ivax eëmv-evwYR¨‡K nvivg Z_v wbwl× K‡i‡Q| d‡j Bmjvgx

mgv‡R A_©‰bwZK wbivcËv Ges G msµvšÍ RwUjZv †_‡K mgvR wbivc` _v‡K|

†kvlYgy³ wbivc` mgvR cÖwZôv

e¯‘Z Bmjvgx A_©-`k©b n‡”Q, Avjøvni B”Qvi mvg‡b m¤ú~Y© †mvc © Kivi g‡bve„wË m„wó Kiv| Kv‡RB

e¯‘ev`x A_© eë¯’vi myß †kvl‡Yi g‡bve„wË GLv‡b Abycw¯’Z| H.G.Wells ZvB h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb, Bmjvg

†h mvgvwRK eë¯’v Kv‡qg K‡i‡Q, Zv BwZnv‡m bRxiwenxb| Kv‡RB †kvlY gy³ wbivc` mgvR cÖwZôvq

Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’v GK Abb¨ cÖwZôvb|

mviK_v

Bmjvgx A_©-`k©b n‡”Q, A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vq Avjøvni B”Qvi mvg‡b wbR‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AvZ¥mgc©Y Kivi

g‡bve„wË m„wó Kiv| Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’v †kvlYgy³ mgvR Kv‡qg K‡i| Bmjvgx A_© eë¯’vq mvgvwRK

wbivcËv wbwðZ nq| GLv‡b m¤ú‡ì mylg eÈb eë¯’vi wb‡ ©k i‡q‡Q| ZvB, †Kvb gvbylB G A_©

eë¯’vi gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZK †kvl‡Yi hvZvK‡j wbw®úó nq bv| G A_© eë¯’vq gvwjK-kªwg‡Ki êlg¨

¯xKvi Kiv nq bv| kªwgK gvwjK G‡K-Ac‡ii m¤ú~iK wn‡m‡e GLv‡b we‡ePbv Kiv nq| ZvB, gvwjK

†kªYx kªwgK †kªYxi Dci †kvlY-wbh©vZb K‡i bv| eis kªwgK‡K Zvi Rxeb-wbe©vn Kivi Rb¨ Dchy³

†eZb-fvZvw` cÖ v‡bi ZvwM` K‡i| d‡j, G‡K Ac‡ii eÜz-wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| d‡j mgv‡R kvwšÍ I

A_©‰bwZK wbivcËv weivR K‡i|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb


1. Bmjvgx A_© `k©b n‡PQ-

K. Rxeb `k©‡bi Acwinvh© A½ L. e¯‘ `k©‡bi Ask

M. abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vi Ask N. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi Ask

2. †Kvb A_©eë¯’vi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv wbwðZ nq ?

K. cuywRev`x A_©eë¯’vq L. mgvRev`x A_©eë¯’vq

M. ag©wbi‡c¶ A_©eë¯’vq N. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vq|

3. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ n‡”Q-

K. GwU `vwi‡ ªi Aemvb NUvq L. GwU mvg‡R kvwšÍ I wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡i|

M. GwU mgv‡R åvZ…Z¡ I mvg¨ m„wó K‡i N. me KÕwU DËiB mwVK|

msw¶ß DËi-cÖkœ

1. Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? wjLyb|

2. mgv‡R kvwšÍ, wbivcËv I `vwi ª we‡gvP‡b Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j aiæb|

3. mylg A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v Ges Kg©ms¯’v‡bi †¶‡Î Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi f~wgKv D‡jøL Kiæb|

4. A_©‰bwZK mywePvi Ges †kvlYgy³ wbivc` mgvR cÖwZôvq Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi Ae`vb D‡jøL Kiæb|


1. mgv‡R kvwšÍ I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi †¶‡Î Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’vi Ae`vb we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb|

bmjvgx a bxwz: cwipq i welqe¯‘ - bangladesh open university · gmgmgbpgj evsjv‡`k dš§y³...

Documents