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BOARD OF EDITORS
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
John E. Higgins, Jr.Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law
National Labor Relations Board (retired)Washington, DC
EDITORS
H. Victoria HedianAbato, Rubenstein and Abato,
P.A.Baltimore, MD
Barry J. KearneyNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC
M. Jefferson Starling IIIBalch & Bingham LLPBirmingham, AL
Joseph J. TorresWinston & Strawn LLPChicago, IL
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Thomas D. AllisonAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL
Nelson D. Atkin IIBarran Liebman LLPPortland, OR
Martin J. CostelloTeamsters Local No. 120Blaine, MN
Patrick E. DeadyHogan Marren, Ltd.Chicago, IL
John H. FergusonNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC
Karen N. NeilsenNational Labor Relations BoardCleveland, OH
The Developing Labor Lawvi
Nicole Cuda PérezSpivak Lipton LLPNew York, NY
Tanja L. ThompsonLittler Mendelson, P.C.Memphis, TN
Anna WermuthMeckler Bulger Tilson Marick &
Pearson LLPChicago, IL
Steven WheelessSteptoe & Johnson, LLPPhoenix, AZ
Gwynne A. WilcoxLevy Ratner, PCNew York, NY
Chapters 1–5
Chapter Editors
Kurt GrahamClark Hill PLCGrand Rapids, MI
Stanley WilliamsNational Labor Relations BoardOverland Park, KS
Contributing Editors
Gary FealkVercruysse Murray & Calzone
P.C.Bingham Farms, MI
David KhoreyVarnum, Riddering, Schmidt &
Howlett LLPGrand Rapids, MI
Chapter 6
Chapter Editor
Allan WeitzmanProskauer Rose, LLP
Boca Raton, FL
Contributing Editors
Wynter AllenAlden Law Group, PLLCWashington, DC
Maria AnastasOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.San Francisco, CA
Associate Editors—(Cont’d)
Board of Editors vii
George J. AsimouMcDonald Hopkins LLCCleveland, OH
Linda Barge-MilesAssistant VP for Academic
Affairs, Florida A&M University
Tallahassee, FL
William Bevan IIISamantha ClancyKim CraverReed Smith LLPPittsburgh, PA
Jacob H. BlackRobblee Brennan & DetwilerSeattle, WA
John DollDoll, Jansen & FordDayton, OH
Melinda C. DugasLaw Firm of Melinda DugasMartinsburg, WV
Stephanie Cotilla EitzenNational Labor Relations BoardNewport News, VA
Henry FarberDavis Wright Tremaine LLPBellevue, WA
Thomas S. GiottoBuchanan Ingersoll & Rooney,
P.C.Pittsburgh, PA
Modessa JacobsDavis Wright Tremaine LLPSeattle, WA
Ryan M. MartinTaft, Stettinius & Hollister LLPCincinnati, OH
Katy N. MathewsWick Phillips Gould & Martin,
LLPDallas, TX
Jenny McGovernMcDonald Hopkins LLCChicago, IL
William G. MiossiWinston & Strawn LLPWashington, DC
Nicole Cuda PérezSpivak Lipton LLPNew York, NY
John N. RaudabaughNixon Peabody LLPWashington, DC
Eric W. TiritilliGross & Welch, P.C., L.L.O.Omaha, NE
Frank Van DusenMiller, Nash, Werner, Hager &
Carlsen LLPSeattle, WA
Denise Barton WardLittler Mendelson, P.C.Melville, NY
Mark S. WilkinsonFranczek Radelet P.C.Chicago, IL
Joane WongNational Labor Relations BoardNew York, NY
T.J. WrayFulbright & Jaworski LLPHouston, TX
The Developing Labor Lawviii
Chapter 7
Chapter Editors
Thomas AllisonAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL
Arthur SilbergeldDickstein Shapiro, LLPLos Angeles, CA
Contributing Editors
Quesiyah AliMassachusetts Teachers
AssociationBoston, MA
Keith BolekO’Donoghue & O’DonoghueWashington, DC
Robert CarrolDanielle N. JohnstonNixon Peabody LLPSan Francisco, CA
Brittany M. EmsTerry L. PotterHusch BlackwellSt. Louis, MO
Angie Cowan HamadaN. Elizabeth ReynoldsAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL
A. John Harper IIIHaynes and Boone, LLPHouston, TX
Bernard JewelerOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.Washington, DC
Matthew LevineArthur B. Smith, Jr.Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.Chicago, IL
Reba MendozaDouglas NabhanWilliams Mullen, P.C.Richmond, VA
Jolynne D. MillerNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC
Board of Editors ix
Chapter 8
Chapter Editor
Stuart R. ButtrickFaegre Baker Daniels LLP
Indianapolis, IN
Contributing Editors
Matthew BahlVerrill Dana LLPPortland, ME
James BuckingFoley Hoag LLPBoston, MA
Thomas BuescherNaomi PereraBuescher, Goldhammer,
Kelman & Dodge P.C.Denver, CO
Donald CarrollLaw Offices of Carroll & Scully,
Inc.San Francisco, CA
Peter CorbinFord & Harrison, LLPJacksonville, FL
Ellen DanninProfessor of Law, Pennsylvania
State University, Dickinson School of Law
University Park, PA
Natale DiNataleJarad LucanDurant, Nichols, Houston,
Hodgson & Cortese-Costa, P.C.Bridgeport, CT
Brian GarrisonFaegre Baker & Daniels LLPIndianapolis, IN
Christina GomezJeffrey JohnsonHolland & Hart, LLPDenver, CO
Mary Theresa MetzlerBallard Spahr LLPPhiladelphia, PA
The Developing Labor Lawx
Chapter 9
Chapter Editors
Anna WermuthMeckler Bulger Tilson Marick &
Pearson LLPChicago, IL
Jolynne D. MillerNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC
Contributing Editors
Tamkin AnwarJason E. BarsantiMatthew D. DudekJenny R. GoltzAmanda H. SucheckiMeckler Bulger Tilson Marick &
Pearson LLPChicago, IL
John K. BakerWhite and Williams LLPAllentown, PA
David S. BirnbaumBrian West EasleyEdward M. RichardsJones DayChicago, IL
Julia Lapis BlakesleeLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, NM
Richard S. BrookPatricia E. PalmeriLaw Offices of Richard S. BrookMineola, NY
Brenda N. CanaleLittler Mendelson, P.C.Memphis, TN
Elizabeth A. CyrAkin Gump Strauss Hauer &
Feld LLPWashington, DC
Kerry L. DavidsonLevenfeld Pearlstein, LLCChicago, IL
Francis X. DeeMark E. WilliamsMcElroy, Deutsch, Mulvaney &
Carpenter LLPNewark, NJ
Michael J. DeeMcElroy, Deutsch, Mulvaney &
Carpenter LLPMorristown, NJ
Scott FeldmanGannett Co., Inc.McLean, VA
Board of Editors xi
Harry I. Johnson IIIArent Fox LLPLos Angeles , CA
Brandon J. LesterJames UrbanJones DayPittsburgh, PA
Mark S. MathisonGray Plant MootyMinneapolis, MN
Michael MobergBriggs & Morgan P.A.Minneapolis, MN
Kerry M. MohanRachel S. UrquhartSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL
Alan R. PetermanHiscock & Barclay, LLPSyracuse, NY
Elizabeth Darby RehmThe Kullman FirmMobile, AL
Todd SarverSteptoe & Johnson, LLPColumbus, OH
Glenn H. SchlabsSherman & Howard LLCColorado Springs, CO
Charles F. Waskevich, Jr.Milburn, NJ
Joshua B. WaxmanLittler Mendelson, P.C.Washington, DC
Kristen A. WeisseMountain States Employers
Council, Inc.Denver, CO
Chapter 10
Chapter Editors
Gil AbramsonJackson Lewis LLPBaltimore, MD
Paul W. IversenWilliams & Iversen, P.A.Roseville, MN
Contributing Editors
Matthew AustinBarnes & Thornburg LLPColumbus, OH
Micah BerulNational Labor Relations BoardSan Francisco, CA
Timothy A. GarnettOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.St. Louis, MO
David GarrauxMarvin L. WeinbergFox Rothschild LLPPhiladelphia, PA
The Developing Labor Lawxii
Justin KeithGreenberg Traurig LLPBoston, MA
Eric MartinMcGuireWoods LLPRichmond, VA
Jill MayFlanagan, Lieberman, Hoffman
& SwaimDayton, OH
Brooke NiedeckenLittler Mendelson, P.C.Columbus, OH
Leticia PeñaNational Labor Relations
BoardDenver, CO
E. Frederick Preis, Jr.Lemle & Kelleher, L.L.P.New Orleans, LA
Louis RosnerPhiladelphia, PA
Richard RybickiRybicki & Associates P.C.Napa, CA
Chapter 11
Chapter Editors
Todd A. LyonBarran Liebman LLPPortland, OR
Mary L. KnoblauchAnthony, Ostlund, Baer and
Louwagie, P.A.Minneapolis, MN
Contributing Editors
Ronald J. AndrykovitchRyan W. ColomboCohen & Grigsby, P.C.Pittsburgh, PA
Robert G. BrodyRebecca GoldbergBrody & Associates, LLCWestport, CT
Chapter 10 —(Cont’d)
Board of Editors xiii
Brian ChristensenShawn M. FordSpencer, Fane, Britt & Browne,
LLPOverland Park, KS
Timothy E. Copeland, Jr.Downs Rachlin Martin, PLLCBrattleboro, VT
Eric J. CuState of California, Public
Employment RelationsBoard
Glendale, CA
Melissa J. HealyStoel Rives LLPPortland, OR
Jason J. ValtosOsborne Law Offices, P.C.
Washington, DC
Chapter 12
Chapter Editor
Jeffrey PlaceLittler Mendelson, P.C.
Kansas City, MO
Contributing Editors
Jonathan CohenMaurice Nelligan, Jr.Apruzzese, McDermott, Mastro
& MurphyLiberty Corner, NJ
Michael DelaneySpencer, Fane, Britt & Browne,
LLPKansas City, MO
Brian GreigFulbright & Jaworski LLPAustin, TX
Reyburn W. Lominack IIIStephen MitchellFisher & Phillips, LLPColumbia, SC
Amy ZdraveckyFranczek Radelet P.C.
Chicago, IL
The Developing Labor Lawxiv
Chapter 13
Chapter Editors
Kenneth DolinSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL
Gary EbyManley BurkeCincinnati, OH
Contributing Editors
Ned BassenChristine FitzgeraldHughes Hubbard & Reed LLPNew York, NY
Martin CostelloKatrina E. JosephTeamsters Local 120Blaine, MN
Joshua DalleySears Holdings Management
CorporationHoffman Estates, IL
Joshua DitelbergIsabel LazarDavid StreckSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL
Benjamin GehrtClark Baird Smith LLPRosemont, IL
Joel KeilerLaw Offices of Joel I. KeilerReston, VA
Wesley KennedyAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL
Noah LipschultzLittler Mendelson, P.C.Minneapolis, MN
Thomas MarcolineLaw Office of Vincent ToomeyLake Success, NY
James McCauleyLaw Office of James N. McCauleyIthaca, NY
Darren MungersonLittler Mendelson, P.C.Chicago, IL
Joel O’MalleyDorsey & Whitney LLPMinneapolis, MN
Michael RayRichard SamsonOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.Chicago, IL
Board of Editors xv
Michael SullivanGoldberg KohnChicago, IL
John TonerSeyfarth Shaw LLPWashington, DC
Brian WoolleyLathrop & Gage LLP
Kansas City, MO
Chapter 14
Chapter Editor
A. John Harper IIIHaynes and Boone, LLP
Houston, TX
Contributing Editors
Rick HammettBaker & McKenzieHouston, TX
A.J. Harper IIMorgan Lewis & Bockius LLPHouston, TX
Mark JusterLaner, Muchin, Dombrow,
Becker, Levin and Tominberg, Ltd.
Chicago, IL
Bryce MurrayLemle & Kelleher, L.L.P.New Orleans, LA
James D. PetroffFaulkner, Muskovitz & Phillips,
LLPCleveland, OH
Todd SchnellRBC Dain Raucher Inc.Minneapolis, MN
Robert WiesenClifton Budd & DeMaria LLP
New York, NY
The Developing Labor Lawxvi
Chapter 15
Chapter Editors
Nelson Atkin IIBarran Liebman LLPPortland, OR
Gwynne WilcoxLevy Ratner, PCNew York, NY
Contributing Editors
William C. Bird III Charles ReynoldsDover Dixon & Horne PLLCLittle Rock, AR
Molly EastmanKatherine MendezGerald Pauling IIAlison RathBrian StolzenbachSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL
John P. HasmanD. Michael LinihanThe Lowenbaum Partnership,
LLCSt. Louis, MO
Melissa J. HealyStoel Rives LLPPortland, OR
David HoskinsD. Patton “Pat” PelfreyFrost Brown Todd LLCLouisville, KY
Jonathan JudgeThomas LenzAtkinson, Andelson, Loya, Ruud
& RomoCerritos, CA
Stephen MauleMcMahon Berger P.C.St. Louis, MO
Dona A. NutiniLaw Office of Dona Nutini P.C.Scottsdale, AZ
Andrew SchpakBarran Liebman LLPPortland, OR
Theodore ScottLittler Mendelson, P.C.San Diego, CA
Stephen StanfordRobison, Curphey & O’ConnellToledo, OH
Board of Editors xvii
Chapter 16
Chapter Editors
Amy Moor GaylordFranczek Radelet P.C.Chicago, IL
Howard RosenPosner & RosenLos Angeles, CA
Contributing Editors
Norman BuchsbaumLaw Offices of Norman
BuchsbaumBaltimore, MD
David C. BurtonWilliams Mullen, P.C.Virginia Beach, VA
Louis J. Cannon, Jr.Miles & Stockbridge P.C.Baltimore, MD
H. Tor ChristensenThe Freeman CompanyAnnapolis, MD
Adam CollierBullard Smith Jernstedt
HarnishPortland, OR
Perry W. ConfaloneMichael ScanlonCarlsmith Ball LLPHonolulu, HI
Douglas DarchBaker & McKenzieChicago, IL
Christopher DeeringOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.Birmingham, AL
John E. DukeSeyfarth Shaw LLPBoston, MA
John W. FischerStrauss & TroyCincinnati, OH
Diana Richards FrancisHarris, Dowell, Fisher & Harris,
LCChesterfield, MO
Chris GrantSchuchat, Cook & WernerSt. Louis, MO
Doug HassChristopher A. JohlieFranczek Radelet P.C.Chicago, IL
Gerald HathawayMitchell Silberberg & Knupp
LLPNew York, NY
The Developing Labor Lawxviii
Frank KollmanKollman & Saucier, P.A.Timonium, MD
Alan LevinsLittler Mendelson, P.C.San Francisco, CA
Joseph Mack IIIPPG Industries, IncPittsburgh, PA
Terence McCourtGreenberg Traurig LLPBoston, MA
Travis MeekHall, Render, Killian, Heath &
LymanIndianapolis, IN
Jennifer L. MoraLittler Mendelson, P.C.Los Angeles, CA
Mark SchorrErickson & Sederstrom, PC
Lincoln, NE
Chapter 17
Chapter Editors
Patrick R. ScullySherman & Howard LLCDenver, CO
Ira WeinstockIra H. Weinstock, P.C.Harrisburg, PA
Contributing Editors
Thomas BenderSarah P. BryanLittler Mendelson, P.C.Philadelphia, PA
Gregory A. BrownLittler Mendelson, P.C.Boston, MA
Nicholas DiGiovanni, Jr.Sean O’ConnorMorgan, Brown & Joy, LLPBoston, MA
John DoranLittler Mendelson, P.C.Providence, RI
Elana HolloNational Labor Relations BoardPhiladelphia, PA
Robert MorganBerry Moorman, PCDetroit, MI
Chapter 16—(Cont’d)
Board of Editors xix
Joseph J. Steflik, Jr.Coughlin & Gerhart, LLPBinghamton, NY
Jon ZimringDuane Morris LLPChicago, IL
Chapter 18
Chapter Editor
M. Jefferson StarlingBalch & Bingham LLP
Birmingham, AL
Contributing Editors
Jon KlinghofferGoldberg KohnChicago, IL
Alexia KulwiecLeslie WardSEIU Local 1Chicago, IL
Clifford H. Nelson, Jr.Leigh E. TysonConstangy, Brooks & Smith, LLPAtlanta, GA
Stuart NewmanPhillip TadlockSeyfarth Shaw LLPAtlanta, GA
Timothy F. RyanMorrison & Foerster, LLP
Los Angeles, CA
Chapter 19
Chapter Editors
W. Jonathan Martin IIConstangy, Brooks & Smith, LLPMacon, GA
Ernest OrsattiJubelirer, Pass & IntieriPittsburgh, PA
The Developing Labor Lawxx
Contributing Editors
Edward H. ChyunKathryn SiegelLittler Mendelson, P.C.Cleveland, OH
John ColwellNational Labor Relations
BoardWashington, DC
Clay FulghumRebecca McGinnisLathrop & Gage LLPKansas City, MO
Alison List KheelLittler Mendelson, P.C.Chicago, IL
Brian KurtzFord & Harrison, LLPChicago, IL
Terence McGuirePeter PankenEpstein, Becker & Green, P.C.New York, NY
Alyssa MorrisConstangy, Brooks & Smith,
LLPMacon, GA
W. Judd PeakWaller Landsden Dortch &
Davis, LLPNashville, TN
Chapter 20
Chapter Editors
Robert StoneMusick, Peeler & Garrett, LLPLos Angeles, CA
Ernest OrsattiJubelirer, Pass & IntieriPittsburgh, PA
Contributing Editors
John McCannHancock Estabrook, LLPSyracuse, NY
Raymond NeuschFrost Brown Todd LLCCincinnati, OH
Christopher WooMusick, Peeler & Garrett, LLP
Los Angeles, CA
Chapter 19—(Cont’d)
Board of Editors xxi
Chapter 21
Chapter Editors
Tanja L. ThompsonLittler Mendelson, P.C.Memphis, TN
Amanda FisherUnited Steelworkers of
AmericaPittsburgh, PA
Contributing Editors
Derek BarellaWinston & Strawn LLPChicago, IL
Joel BarrasReed Smith LLPPhiladelphia, PA
Ryan J. CassidyEckert Seamans Cherin &
Mellott, LLCPhiladelphia, PA
Matthew G. GallagherLittler Mendelson, P.C.Memphis, TN
Mary Anastasia HermosilloNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC
Matthew D. LaheySchiff Hardin LLPChicago, IL
Laura MaechtlenSeyfarth Shaw LLPSan Francisco, CA
Susan RobfogelNixon Peabody LLPRochester, NY
Jeffrey RossSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL
Christopher TerrellHealthSouth CorporationBirmingham, AL
The Developing Labor Lawxxii
Chapter 22
Chapter Editors
Leonard SingerHostess BrandsKansas City, MO
Christopher HexterSchuchat, Cook & WernerSt. Louis, MO
Contributing Editors
Gregory BallewFisher & Phillips, LLPKansas City, MO
Norman BuchsbaumLaw Offices of Norman
BuchsbaumBaltimore, MD
Louis J. Cannon, Jr.Miles & Stockbridge, P.C.Baltimore, MD
Kristina DetwilerRinehart & RobbleeSeattle, WA
Merritt GreenGeneral Counsel, P.C.McLean, VA
Ronald W. NovotnyAtkinson, Andelson, Loya, Ruud
& RomoCerritos, CA
Stanley Saunier, Jr.Woodward Hobson & Fulton,
LLPLexington, KY
Mark SchneiderLittler Mendelson, P.C.Minneapolis, MN
Stephen SchultzMarks Finch Thornton & Baird,
LLPSan Diego, CA
Chapter 23
Chapter Editor
Pamela ChandranBush, Gottlieb, Singer, Lopez, Kohanski, Adelstein & Dickinson
Glendale, CA
Board of Editors xxiii
Contributing Editors
Mark BennettMarks Finch Thornton & Baird,
LLPSan Diego, CA
William EmanuelLittler Mendelson, P.C.Los Angeles, CA
Keith JewellGolden LivingFort Smith, AR
Brian LewisJackson Lewis, LLPBoston, MA
Chapter 24
Chapter Editors
Steven WheelessSteptoe & Johnson, LLPPhoenix, AZ
Richard WilliamsR.A. Williams Law Firm P.A.St. Paul, MN
Contributing Editors
Bill C. BergerBrownstein Hyatt Farber
Schreck, LLPDenver, CO
Patrick DeadyHogan Marren Ltd.Chicago, IL
Alan Bayless FeldmanSteptoe & Johnson, LLPPhoenix, AZ
Ben GipsonDLA Piper LLPLos Angeles, CA
John IrvingKatie Belpedio SchreiberR. Timothy StephensonKirkland & Ellis LLPWashington, DC
Christopher TrebilcockMiller, Canfield, Paddock and
Stone, PLCDetroit, MI
David WoolfDrinker Biddle & Reath LLPPhiladelphia, PA
The Developing Labor Lawxxiv
Chapter 25
Chapter Editor
Richard M. ResnickSherman, Dunn, Cohen, Liefer & Yellig, P.C.
Washington, DC
Contributing Editors
Brooks AmiotEric S. MuellerJackson Lewis, LLPBaltimore, MD
Olivia GarciaNational Labor Relations BoardLos Angeles, CA
Deborah GodwinLesley CookGodwin, Morris, Laurenzi &
Bloomfield, P.C.Memphis, TN
Cynthia JacksonBaker & McKenzie LLPPalo Alto, CA
Jay Jaffe1199 SEIU United Healthcare
Workers EastNew York, NY
Kathleen McKinneyNational Labor Relations BoardNew Orleans, LA
Jessica Drangel OchsMeyer, Suozzi, English & Klein,
P.C.New York, NY
Jeffrey W. PaganoCrowell & MoringNew York, NY
Albert PalewiczNational Labor Relations BoardBaltimore, MD
Ryan H. VannBaker & McKenzie LLPChicago, IL
Claire VujanovicFisher & Phillips, LLPLouisville, KY
Wayne WynnFreedman & Lorry, P.C.
Philadelphia, PA
Board of Editors xxv
Chapter 26
Chapter Editor
Nicole Cuda PérezSpivak Lipton LLP
New York, NY
Contributing Editors
Emily ChalonerAdam MalikLittler Mendelson, P.C.New York, NY
Lauren DarienzoBond, Schoeneck & King, PLLCGarden City, NY
Richard HankinsMcKenna Long & Aldridge LLPAtlanta, GA
Howard KastrinskyKing & BallowNashville, TN
Lisa LinGeorge Tichy IILittler Mendelson, P.C.San Francisco, CA
Anne Marie LofasoWest Virginia University
College of LawMorgantown, WV
Daniel PasternakGreenberg, Traurig LLPPhoenix, AZ
Robert Tinnin, Jr.Tinnin Law FirmAlbuquerque, NM
Chapter 27
Chapter Editors
Sam HeldmanThe Gardner FirmWashington, DC
Wendy NuttMGM Resorts InternationalLas Vegas, NV
The Developing Labor Lawxxvi
Contributing Editors
Jay M. DadePolsinelli Shughart PCSpringfield, MO
Michael DiMattiaPhillip A. GoldsteinMcGuireWoods LLPNew York, NY
Richard HafetsJackson Lewis LLPBaltimore, MD
Dylan KingKathryn W. PascoverFord & Harrison LLPMemphis, TN
Sang-yul LeeEdwards Wildman Palmer LLPChicago, IL
Thomas TrachselFelhaber, Larson, Fenlon & VogtMinneapolis, MN
Nancy A. WalkerWalker Law Offices, PC
Media, PA
Chapter 28
Chapter Editor
Kenneth WagnerBlitman & King LLP
Syracuse, NY
Contributing Editors
Daniel AltchekProskauer Rose LLPNew York, NY
Daniel BriceBlitman & King LLPSyracuse, NY
Floyd A. ClutterCohen & Grigsby, P.C.Pittsburgh, PA
Michelle EvansOhio Association of Public
Schools/AFSCME Local 4, AFL-CIO
Columbus, OH
Edwin HopsonMichael KirkWyatt, Tarrant & Combs LLPLouisville, KY
Chapter 27—(Cont’d)
Board of Editors xxvii
Cara OrrTeamsters Local 1108Gahanna, OH
Robert PaulZwerdling, Paul, Leibig, Kahn &
Wolly, P.C.Washington, DC
Jeffrey PlaceLittler Mendelson, P.C.Kansas City, MO
Peter PostOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C.Pittsburgh, PA
Anne Marie ScarpinoNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC
Stephen SheinfeldWinston & Strawn LLPNew York, NY
Michael TedescoLaw Office of MJ TedescoLake Oswego, OR
Norman WhiteMcNees, Wallace & Nurick LLCHarrisburg, PA
Brent WilsonElarbee, Thompson, Sapp &
Wilson, LLPAtlanta, GA
Lawrence ZimmermanLaw Offices of Lawrence T.
ZimmermanWashington, DC
Chapter 29
Chapter Editor
Michael T. AndersonMurphy Anderson PLLC
Boston, MA
Contributing Editors
Jeffrey BosleyWinston & Strawn LLPSan Francisco, CA
Jonathan FrittsMorgan Lewis & Bockius LLPWashington, DC
Matthew GallagherKiesewetter Wise Kaplan Prather,
PLCMemphis, TN
Renee M. GerniMurphy Anderson PLLCWashington, DC
The Developing Labor Lawxxviii
Jay KiesewetterKiesewetter Wise Kaplan
Prather, PLCMemphis, TN
John PolleyAnne ZornFaegre & BensonMinneapolis, MN
Anne RaulersonAFTRABethesda, MD
Lawrence SongEpstein Turner & Song, P.C.Los Angeles, CA
Chapter 30
Chapter Editors
Robin Luce HerrmannButzel LongBloomfield Hills, MI
George DaviesQuinn, Walls, Weaver & Davies
LLPBirmingham, AL
Contributing Editors
Jennifer DukarskiBethany Steffke SweenyButzel LongAnn Arbor, MI
Ziyad HermizPaul MersinoBenjamin SteffansLaura Tedesco JohnsonButzel LongDetroit, MI
Danielle HessellJonathan Jorissen
James SheridanButzel Long
Bloomfield Hills, MI
Chapter 29—(Cont’d)
Board of Editors xxix
Chapter 31
Chapter Editors
George D. AdamsFisher & Phillips, LLPLouisville, KY
Christopher N. GrantSchuchat, Cook & WernerSt. Louis, MO
Contributing Editors
Robert L. DalyDykema Gossett PLLCBloomfield Hills, MI
Keith E. EastlandMiller, Johnson, Snell &
Cummiskey, PLCGrand Rapids, MI
William Morris “Bill”Lamoreaux
Dallas, TX
Leticia PeñaNational Labor Relations BoardDenver, CO
Charles P. Roberts IIIConstangy, Brooks & Smith,
LLPWinston-Salem, NC
David S. TimmsConAgra FoodsOmaha, NE
Chapter 32
Chapter Editor
Karen NeilsenNational Labor Relations Board
Cleveland, OH
Contributing Editors
Elijah BaccusMarilyn WidmanAmy ZawackiAlotta, Farley & Widman Co.,
LPAToledo, OH
N. Victor GoodmanMark D. TuckerBenesch, Friedlander, Coplan &
Arranoff, LLPColumbus, OH
The Developing Labor Lawxxx
Michael HarringtonMurtha Cullina LLPHartford, CT
Albert PalewiczNational Labor Relations BoardBaltimore, MD
Sharon StecklerNational Labor Relations Board
Fort Worth, TX
Chapter 33
Chapter Editors
Martin CostelloTeamsters Local 120Blaine, MN
Kurt GrahamClark Hill PLCGrand Rapids, MI
Contributing Editors
E. Joseph Giroux, Jr.Creighton, Johnson & GirouxBuffalo, NY
Keith GreenbergDuane Morris LLPNew York, NY
Erik HultLittler Mendelson, P.C.Columbus, OH
Emily KeimigSherman & Howard LLCDenver, CO
Tara LevyNational Labor Relations BoardNewark, NJ
Matthew SiebelLong Island University Assoc.
CounselBrookville, NY
Evan J. WhiteLaw Offices of Evan J. White
New York, NY
Chapter 32—(Cont’d)