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v BOARD OF EDITORS EDITOR-IN-CHIEF John E. Higgins, Jr. Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law National Labor Relations Board (retired) Washington, DC EDITORS H. Victoria Hedian Abato, Rubenstein and Abato, P.A. Baltimore, MD Barry J. Kearney National Labor Relations Board Washington, DC M. Jefferson Starling III Balch & Bingham LLP Birmingham, AL Joseph J. Torres Winston & Strawn LLP Chicago, IL ASSOCIATE EDITORS Thomas D. Allison Allison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C. Chicago, IL Nelson D. Atkin II Barran Liebman LLP Portland, OR Martin J. Costello Teamsters Local No. 120 Blaine, MN Patrick E. Deady Hogan Marren, Ltd. Chicago, IL John H. Ferguson National Labor Relations Board Washington, DC Karen N. Neilsen National Labor Relations Board Cleveland, OH

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v

BOARD OF EDITORS

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

John E. Higgins, Jr.Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law

National Labor Relations Board (retired)Washington, DC

EDITORS

H. Victoria HedianAbato, Rubenstein and Abato,

P.A.Baltimore, MD

Barry J. KearneyNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC

M. Jefferson Starling IIIBalch & Bingham LLPBirmingham, AL

Joseph J. TorresWinston & Strawn LLPChicago, IL

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Thomas D. AllisonAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL

Nelson D. Atkin IIBarran Liebman LLPPortland, OR

Martin J. CostelloTeamsters Local No. 120Blaine, MN

Patrick E. DeadyHogan Marren, Ltd.Chicago, IL

John H. FergusonNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC

Karen N. NeilsenNational Labor Relations BoardCleveland, OH

The Developing Labor Lawvi

Nicole Cuda PérezSpivak Lipton LLPNew York, NY

Tanja L. ThompsonLittler Mendelson, P.C.Memphis, TN

Anna WermuthMeckler Bulger Tilson Marick &

Pearson LLPChicago, IL

Steven WheelessSteptoe & Johnson, LLPPhoenix, AZ

Gwynne A. WilcoxLevy Ratner, PCNew York, NY

Chapters 1–5

Chapter Editors

Kurt GrahamClark Hill PLCGrand Rapids, MI

Stanley WilliamsNational Labor Relations BoardOverland Park, KS

Contributing Editors

Gary FealkVercruysse Murray & Calzone

P.C.Bingham Farms, MI

David KhoreyVarnum, Riddering, Schmidt &

Howlett LLPGrand Rapids, MI

Chapter 6

Chapter Editor

Allan WeitzmanProskauer Rose, LLP

Boca Raton, FL

Contributing Editors

Wynter AllenAlden Law Group, PLLCWashington, DC

Maria AnastasOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak

& Stewart, P.C.San Francisco, CA

Associate Editors—(Cont’d)

Board of Editors vii

George J. AsimouMcDonald Hopkins LLCCleveland, OH

Linda Barge-MilesAssistant VP for Academic

Affairs, Florida A&M University

Tallahassee, FL

William Bevan IIISamantha ClancyKim CraverReed Smith LLPPittsburgh, PA

Jacob H. BlackRobblee Brennan & DetwilerSeattle, WA

John DollDoll, Jansen & FordDayton, OH

Melinda C. DugasLaw Firm of Melinda DugasMartinsburg, WV

Stephanie Cotilla EitzenNational Labor Relations BoardNewport News, VA

Henry FarberDavis Wright Tremaine LLPBellevue, WA

Thomas S. GiottoBuchanan Ingersoll & Rooney,

P.C.Pittsburgh, PA

Modessa JacobsDavis Wright Tremaine LLPSeattle, WA

Ryan M. MartinTaft, Stettinius & Hollister LLPCincinnati, OH

Katy N. MathewsWick Phillips Gould & Martin,

LLPDallas, TX

Jenny McGovernMcDonald Hopkins LLCChicago, IL

William G. MiossiWinston & Strawn LLPWashington, DC

Nicole Cuda PérezSpivak Lipton LLPNew York, NY

John N. RaudabaughNixon Peabody LLPWashington, DC

Eric W. TiritilliGross & Welch, P.C., L.L.O.Omaha, NE

Frank Van DusenMiller, Nash, Werner, Hager &

Carlsen LLPSeattle, WA

Denise Barton WardLittler Mendelson, P.C.Melville, NY

Mark S. WilkinsonFranczek Radelet P.C.Chicago, IL

Joane WongNational Labor Relations BoardNew York, NY

T.J. WrayFulbright & Jaworski LLPHouston, TX

The Developing Labor Lawviii

Chapter 7

Chapter Editors

Thomas AllisonAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL

Arthur SilbergeldDickstein Shapiro, LLPLos Angeles, CA

Contributing Editors

Quesiyah AliMassachusetts Teachers

AssociationBoston, MA

Keith BolekO’Donoghue & O’DonoghueWashington, DC

Robert CarrolDanielle N. JohnstonNixon Peabody LLPSan Francisco, CA

Brittany M. EmsTerry L. PotterHusch BlackwellSt. Louis, MO

Angie Cowan HamadaN. Elizabeth ReynoldsAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL

A. John Harper IIIHaynes and Boone, LLPHouston, TX

Bernard JewelerOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak

& Stewart, P.C.Washington, DC

Matthew LevineArthur B. Smith, Jr.Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak

& Stewart, P.C.Chicago, IL

Reba MendozaDouglas NabhanWilliams Mullen, P.C.Richmond, VA

Jolynne D. MillerNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC

Board of Editors ix

Chapter 8

Chapter Editor

Stuart R. ButtrickFaegre Baker Daniels LLP

Indianapolis, IN

Contributing Editors

Matthew BahlVerrill Dana LLPPortland, ME

James BuckingFoley Hoag LLPBoston, MA

Thomas BuescherNaomi PereraBuescher, Goldhammer,

Kelman & Dodge P.C.Denver, CO

Donald CarrollLaw Offices of Carroll & Scully,

Inc.San Francisco, CA

Peter CorbinFord & Harrison, LLPJacksonville, FL

Ellen DanninProfessor of Law, Pennsylvania

State University, Dickinson School of Law

University Park, PA

Natale DiNataleJarad LucanDurant, Nichols, Houston,

Hodgson & Cortese-Costa, P.C.Bridgeport, CT

Brian GarrisonFaegre Baker & Daniels LLPIndianapolis, IN

Christina GomezJeffrey JohnsonHolland & Hart, LLPDenver, CO

Mary Theresa MetzlerBallard Spahr LLPPhiladelphia, PA

The Developing Labor Lawx

Chapter 9

Chapter Editors

Anna WermuthMeckler Bulger Tilson Marick &

Pearson LLPChicago, IL

Jolynne D. MillerNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC

Contributing Editors

Tamkin AnwarJason E. BarsantiMatthew D. DudekJenny R. GoltzAmanda H. SucheckiMeckler Bulger Tilson Marick &

Pearson LLPChicago, IL

John K. BakerWhite and Williams LLPAllentown, PA

David S. BirnbaumBrian West EasleyEdward M. RichardsJones DayChicago, IL

Julia Lapis BlakesleeLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos, NM

Richard S. BrookPatricia E. PalmeriLaw Offices of Richard S. BrookMineola, NY

Brenda N. CanaleLittler Mendelson, P.C.Memphis, TN

Elizabeth A. CyrAkin Gump Strauss Hauer &

Feld LLPWashington, DC

Kerry L. DavidsonLevenfeld Pearlstein, LLCChicago, IL

Francis X. DeeMark E. WilliamsMcElroy, Deutsch, Mulvaney &

Carpenter LLPNewark, NJ

Michael J. DeeMcElroy, Deutsch, Mulvaney &

Carpenter LLPMorristown, NJ

Scott FeldmanGannett Co., Inc.McLean, VA

Board of Editors xi

Harry I. Johnson IIIArent Fox LLPLos Angeles , CA

Brandon J. LesterJames UrbanJones DayPittsburgh, PA

Mark S. MathisonGray Plant MootyMinneapolis, MN

Michael MobergBriggs & Morgan P.A.Minneapolis, MN

Kerry M. MohanRachel S. UrquhartSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL

Alan R. PetermanHiscock & Barclay, LLPSyracuse, NY

Elizabeth Darby RehmThe Kullman FirmMobile, AL

Todd SarverSteptoe & Johnson, LLPColumbus, OH

Glenn H. SchlabsSherman & Howard LLCColorado Springs, CO

Charles F. Waskevich, Jr.Milburn, NJ

Joshua B. WaxmanLittler Mendelson, P.C.Washington, DC

Kristen A. WeisseMountain States Employers

Council, Inc.Denver, CO

Chapter 10

Chapter Editors

Gil AbramsonJackson Lewis LLPBaltimore, MD

Paul W. IversenWilliams & Iversen, P.A.Roseville, MN

Contributing Editors

Matthew AustinBarnes & Thornburg LLPColumbus, OH

Micah BerulNational Labor Relations BoardSan Francisco, CA

Timothy A. GarnettOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak

& Stewart, P.C.St. Louis, MO

David GarrauxMarvin L. WeinbergFox Rothschild LLPPhiladelphia, PA

The Developing Labor Lawxii

Justin KeithGreenberg Traurig LLPBoston, MA

Eric MartinMcGuireWoods LLPRichmond, VA

Jill MayFlanagan, Lieberman, Hoffman

& SwaimDayton, OH

Brooke NiedeckenLittler Mendelson, P.C.Columbus, OH

Leticia PeñaNational Labor Relations

BoardDenver, CO

E. Frederick Preis, Jr.Lemle & Kelleher, L.L.P.New Orleans, LA

Louis RosnerPhiladelphia, PA

Richard RybickiRybicki & Associates P.C.Napa, CA

Chapter 11

Chapter Editors

Todd A. LyonBarran Liebman LLPPortland, OR

Mary L. KnoblauchAnthony, Ostlund, Baer and

Louwagie, P.A.Minneapolis, MN

Contributing Editors

Ronald J. AndrykovitchRyan W. ColomboCohen & Grigsby, P.C.Pittsburgh, PA

Robert G. BrodyRebecca GoldbergBrody & Associates, LLCWestport, CT

Chapter 10 —(Cont’d)

Board of Editors xiii

Brian ChristensenShawn M. FordSpencer, Fane, Britt & Browne,

LLPOverland Park, KS

Timothy E. Copeland, Jr.Downs Rachlin Martin, PLLCBrattleboro, VT

Eric J. CuState of California, Public

Employment RelationsBoard

Glendale, CA

Melissa J. HealyStoel Rives LLPPortland, OR

Jason J. ValtosOsborne Law Offices, P.C.

Washington, DC

Chapter 12

Chapter Editor

Jeffrey PlaceLittler Mendelson, P.C.

Kansas City, MO

Contributing Editors

Jonathan CohenMaurice Nelligan, Jr.Apruzzese, McDermott, Mastro

& MurphyLiberty Corner, NJ

Michael DelaneySpencer, Fane, Britt & Browne,

LLPKansas City, MO

Brian GreigFulbright & Jaworski LLPAustin, TX

Reyburn W. Lominack IIIStephen MitchellFisher & Phillips, LLPColumbia, SC

Amy ZdraveckyFranczek Radelet P.C.

Chicago, IL

The Developing Labor Lawxiv

Chapter 13

Chapter Editors

Kenneth DolinSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL

Gary EbyManley BurkeCincinnati, OH

Contributing Editors

Ned BassenChristine FitzgeraldHughes Hubbard & Reed LLPNew York, NY

Martin CostelloKatrina E. JosephTeamsters Local 120Blaine, MN

Joshua DalleySears Holdings Management

CorporationHoffman Estates, IL

Joshua DitelbergIsabel LazarDavid StreckSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL

Benjamin GehrtClark Baird Smith LLPRosemont, IL

Joel KeilerLaw Offices of Joel I. KeilerReston, VA

Wesley KennedyAllison, Slutsky & Kennedy, P.C.Chicago, IL

Noah LipschultzLittler Mendelson, P.C.Minneapolis, MN

Thomas MarcolineLaw Office of Vincent ToomeyLake Success, NY

James McCauleyLaw Office of James N. McCauleyIthaca, NY

Darren MungersonLittler Mendelson, P.C.Chicago, IL

Joel O’MalleyDorsey & Whitney LLPMinneapolis, MN

Michael RayRichard SamsonOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak

& Stewart, P.C.Chicago, IL

Board of Editors xv

Michael SullivanGoldberg KohnChicago, IL

John TonerSeyfarth Shaw LLPWashington, DC

Brian WoolleyLathrop & Gage LLP

Kansas City, MO

Chapter 14

Chapter Editor

A. John Harper IIIHaynes and Boone, LLP

Houston, TX

Contributing Editors

Rick HammettBaker & McKenzieHouston, TX

A.J. Harper IIMorgan Lewis & Bockius LLPHouston, TX

Mark JusterLaner, Muchin, Dombrow,

Becker, Levin and Tominberg, Ltd.

Chicago, IL

Bryce MurrayLemle & Kelleher, L.L.P.New Orleans, LA

James D. PetroffFaulkner, Muskovitz & Phillips,

LLPCleveland, OH

Todd SchnellRBC Dain Raucher Inc.Minneapolis, MN

Robert WiesenClifton Budd & DeMaria LLP

New York, NY

The Developing Labor Lawxvi

Chapter 15

Chapter Editors

Nelson Atkin IIBarran Liebman LLPPortland, OR

Gwynne WilcoxLevy Ratner, PCNew York, NY

Contributing Editors

William C. Bird III Charles ReynoldsDover Dixon & Horne PLLCLittle Rock, AR

Molly EastmanKatherine MendezGerald Pauling IIAlison RathBrian StolzenbachSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL

John P. HasmanD. Michael LinihanThe Lowenbaum Partnership,

LLCSt. Louis, MO

Melissa J. HealyStoel Rives LLPPortland, OR

David HoskinsD. Patton “Pat” PelfreyFrost Brown Todd LLCLouisville, KY

Jonathan JudgeThomas LenzAtkinson, Andelson, Loya, Ruud

& RomoCerritos, CA

Stephen MauleMcMahon Berger P.C.St. Louis, MO

Dona A. NutiniLaw Office of Dona Nutini P.C.Scottsdale, AZ

Andrew SchpakBarran Liebman LLPPortland, OR

Theodore ScottLittler Mendelson, P.C.San Diego, CA

Stephen StanfordRobison, Curphey & O’ConnellToledo, OH

Board of Editors xvii

Chapter 16

Chapter Editors

Amy Moor GaylordFranczek Radelet P.C.Chicago, IL

Howard RosenPosner & RosenLos Angeles, CA

Contributing Editors

Norman BuchsbaumLaw Offices of Norman

BuchsbaumBaltimore, MD

David C. BurtonWilliams Mullen, P.C.Virginia Beach, VA

Louis J. Cannon, Jr.Miles & Stockbridge P.C.Baltimore, MD

H. Tor ChristensenThe Freeman CompanyAnnapolis, MD

Adam CollierBullard Smith Jernstedt

HarnishPortland, OR

Perry W. ConfaloneMichael ScanlonCarlsmith Ball LLPHonolulu, HI

Douglas DarchBaker & McKenzieChicago, IL

Christopher DeeringOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak

& Stewart, P.C.Birmingham, AL

John E. DukeSeyfarth Shaw LLPBoston, MA

John W. FischerStrauss & TroyCincinnati, OH

Diana Richards FrancisHarris, Dowell, Fisher & Harris,

LCChesterfield, MO

Chris GrantSchuchat, Cook & WernerSt. Louis, MO

Doug HassChristopher A. JohlieFranczek Radelet P.C.Chicago, IL

Gerald HathawayMitchell Silberberg & Knupp

LLPNew York, NY

The Developing Labor Lawxviii

Frank KollmanKollman & Saucier, P.A.Timonium, MD

Alan LevinsLittler Mendelson, P.C.San Francisco, CA

Joseph Mack IIIPPG Industries, IncPittsburgh, PA

Terence McCourtGreenberg Traurig LLPBoston, MA

Travis MeekHall, Render, Killian, Heath &

LymanIndianapolis, IN

Jennifer L. MoraLittler Mendelson, P.C.Los Angeles, CA

Mark SchorrErickson & Sederstrom, PC

Lincoln, NE

Chapter 17

Chapter Editors

Patrick R. ScullySherman & Howard LLCDenver, CO

Ira WeinstockIra H. Weinstock, P.C.Harrisburg, PA

Contributing Editors

Thomas BenderSarah P. BryanLittler Mendelson, P.C.Philadelphia, PA

Gregory A. BrownLittler Mendelson, P.C.Boston, MA

Nicholas DiGiovanni, Jr.Sean O’ConnorMorgan, Brown & Joy, LLPBoston, MA

John DoranLittler Mendelson, P.C.Providence, RI

Elana HolloNational Labor Relations BoardPhiladelphia, PA

Robert MorganBerry Moorman, PCDetroit, MI

Chapter 16—(Cont’d)

Board of Editors xix

Joseph J. Steflik, Jr.Coughlin & Gerhart, LLPBinghamton, NY

Jon ZimringDuane Morris LLPChicago, IL

Chapter 18

Chapter Editor

M. Jefferson StarlingBalch & Bingham LLP

Birmingham, AL

Contributing Editors

Jon KlinghofferGoldberg KohnChicago, IL

Alexia KulwiecLeslie WardSEIU Local 1Chicago, IL

Clifford H. Nelson, Jr.Leigh E. TysonConstangy, Brooks & Smith, LLPAtlanta, GA

Stuart NewmanPhillip TadlockSeyfarth Shaw LLPAtlanta, GA

Timothy F. RyanMorrison & Foerster, LLP

Los Angeles, CA

Chapter 19

Chapter Editors

W. Jonathan Martin IIConstangy, Brooks & Smith, LLPMacon, GA

Ernest OrsattiJubelirer, Pass & IntieriPittsburgh, PA

The Developing Labor Lawxx

Contributing Editors

Edward H. ChyunKathryn SiegelLittler Mendelson, P.C.Cleveland, OH

John ColwellNational Labor Relations

BoardWashington, DC

Clay FulghumRebecca McGinnisLathrop & Gage LLPKansas City, MO

Alison List KheelLittler Mendelson, P.C.Chicago, IL

Brian KurtzFord & Harrison, LLPChicago, IL

Terence McGuirePeter PankenEpstein, Becker & Green, P.C.New York, NY

Alyssa MorrisConstangy, Brooks & Smith,

LLPMacon, GA

W. Judd PeakWaller Landsden Dortch &

Davis, LLPNashville, TN

Chapter 20

Chapter Editors

Robert StoneMusick, Peeler & Garrett, LLPLos Angeles, CA

Ernest OrsattiJubelirer, Pass & IntieriPittsburgh, PA

Contributing Editors

John McCannHancock Estabrook, LLPSyracuse, NY

Raymond NeuschFrost Brown Todd LLCCincinnati, OH

Christopher WooMusick, Peeler & Garrett, LLP

Los Angeles, CA

Chapter 19—(Cont’d)

Board of Editors xxi

Chapter 21

Chapter Editors

Tanja L. ThompsonLittler Mendelson, P.C.Memphis, TN

Amanda FisherUnited Steelworkers of

AmericaPittsburgh, PA

Contributing Editors

Derek BarellaWinston & Strawn LLPChicago, IL

Joel BarrasReed Smith LLPPhiladelphia, PA

Ryan J. CassidyEckert Seamans Cherin &

Mellott, LLCPhiladelphia, PA

Matthew G. GallagherLittler Mendelson, P.C.Memphis, TN

Mary Anastasia HermosilloNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC

Matthew D. LaheySchiff Hardin LLPChicago, IL

Laura MaechtlenSeyfarth Shaw LLPSan Francisco, CA

Susan RobfogelNixon Peabody LLPRochester, NY

Jeffrey RossSeyfarth Shaw LLPChicago, IL

Christopher TerrellHealthSouth CorporationBirmingham, AL

The Developing Labor Lawxxii

Chapter 22

Chapter Editors

Leonard SingerHostess BrandsKansas City, MO

Christopher HexterSchuchat, Cook & WernerSt. Louis, MO

Contributing Editors

Gregory BallewFisher & Phillips, LLPKansas City, MO

Norman BuchsbaumLaw Offices of Norman

BuchsbaumBaltimore, MD

Louis J. Cannon, Jr.Miles & Stockbridge, P.C.Baltimore, MD

Kristina DetwilerRinehart & RobbleeSeattle, WA

Merritt GreenGeneral Counsel, P.C.McLean, VA

Ronald W. NovotnyAtkinson, Andelson, Loya, Ruud

& RomoCerritos, CA

Stanley Saunier, Jr.Woodward Hobson & Fulton,

LLPLexington, KY

Mark SchneiderLittler Mendelson, P.C.Minneapolis, MN

Stephen SchultzMarks Finch Thornton & Baird,

LLPSan Diego, CA

Chapter 23

Chapter Editor

Pamela ChandranBush, Gottlieb, Singer, Lopez, Kohanski, Adelstein & Dickinson

Glendale, CA

Board of Editors xxiii

Contributing Editors

Mark BennettMarks Finch Thornton & Baird,

LLPSan Diego, CA

William EmanuelLittler Mendelson, P.C.Los Angeles, CA

Keith JewellGolden LivingFort Smith, AR

Brian LewisJackson Lewis, LLPBoston, MA

Chapter 24

Chapter Editors

Steven WheelessSteptoe & Johnson, LLPPhoenix, AZ

Richard WilliamsR.A. Williams Law Firm P.A.St. Paul, MN

Contributing Editors

Bill C. BergerBrownstein Hyatt Farber

Schreck, LLPDenver, CO

Patrick DeadyHogan Marren Ltd.Chicago, IL

Alan Bayless FeldmanSteptoe & Johnson, LLPPhoenix, AZ

Ben GipsonDLA Piper LLPLos Angeles, CA

John IrvingKatie Belpedio SchreiberR. Timothy StephensonKirkland & Ellis LLPWashington, DC

Christopher TrebilcockMiller, Canfield, Paddock and

Stone, PLCDetroit, MI

David WoolfDrinker Biddle & Reath LLPPhiladelphia, PA

The Developing Labor Lawxxiv

Chapter 25

Chapter Editor

Richard M. ResnickSherman, Dunn, Cohen, Liefer & Yellig, P.C.

Washington, DC

Contributing Editors

Brooks AmiotEric S. MuellerJackson Lewis, LLPBaltimore, MD

Olivia GarciaNational Labor Relations BoardLos Angeles, CA

Deborah GodwinLesley CookGodwin, Morris, Laurenzi &

Bloomfield, P.C.Memphis, TN

Cynthia JacksonBaker & McKenzie LLPPalo Alto, CA

Jay Jaffe1199 SEIU United Healthcare

Workers EastNew York, NY

Kathleen McKinneyNational Labor Relations BoardNew Orleans, LA

Jessica Drangel OchsMeyer, Suozzi, English & Klein,

P.C.New York, NY

Jeffrey W. PaganoCrowell & MoringNew York, NY

Albert PalewiczNational Labor Relations BoardBaltimore, MD

Ryan H. VannBaker & McKenzie LLPChicago, IL

Claire VujanovicFisher & Phillips, LLPLouisville, KY

Wayne WynnFreedman & Lorry, P.C.

Philadelphia, PA

Board of Editors xxv

Chapter 26

Chapter Editor

Nicole Cuda PérezSpivak Lipton LLP

New York, NY

Contributing Editors

Emily ChalonerAdam MalikLittler Mendelson, P.C.New York, NY

Lauren DarienzoBond, Schoeneck & King, PLLCGarden City, NY

Richard HankinsMcKenna Long & Aldridge LLPAtlanta, GA

Howard KastrinskyKing & BallowNashville, TN

Lisa LinGeorge Tichy IILittler Mendelson, P.C.San Francisco, CA

Anne Marie LofasoWest Virginia University

College of LawMorgantown, WV

Daniel PasternakGreenberg, Traurig LLPPhoenix, AZ

Robert Tinnin, Jr.Tinnin Law FirmAlbuquerque, NM

Chapter 27

Chapter Editors

Sam HeldmanThe Gardner FirmWashington, DC

Wendy NuttMGM Resorts InternationalLas Vegas, NV

The Developing Labor Lawxxvi

Contributing Editors

Jay M. DadePolsinelli Shughart PCSpringfield, MO

Michael DiMattiaPhillip A. GoldsteinMcGuireWoods LLPNew York, NY

Richard HafetsJackson Lewis LLPBaltimore, MD

Dylan KingKathryn W. PascoverFord & Harrison LLPMemphis, TN

Sang-yul LeeEdwards Wildman Palmer LLPChicago, IL

Thomas TrachselFelhaber, Larson, Fenlon & VogtMinneapolis, MN

Nancy A. WalkerWalker Law Offices, PC

Media, PA

Chapter 28

Chapter Editor

Kenneth WagnerBlitman & King LLP

Syracuse, NY

Contributing Editors

Daniel AltchekProskauer Rose LLPNew York, NY

Daniel BriceBlitman & King LLPSyracuse, NY

Floyd A. ClutterCohen & Grigsby, P.C.Pittsburgh, PA

Michelle EvansOhio Association of Public

Schools/AFSCME Local 4, AFL-CIO

Columbus, OH

Edwin HopsonMichael KirkWyatt, Tarrant & Combs LLPLouisville, KY

Chapter 27—(Cont’d)

Board of Editors xxvii

Cara OrrTeamsters Local 1108Gahanna, OH

Robert PaulZwerdling, Paul, Leibig, Kahn &

Wolly, P.C.Washington, DC

Jeffrey PlaceLittler Mendelson, P.C.Kansas City, MO

Peter PostOgletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak

& Stewart, P.C.Pittsburgh, PA

Anne Marie ScarpinoNational Labor Relations BoardWashington, DC

Stephen SheinfeldWinston & Strawn LLPNew York, NY

Michael TedescoLaw Office of MJ TedescoLake Oswego, OR

Norman WhiteMcNees, Wallace & Nurick LLCHarrisburg, PA

Brent WilsonElarbee, Thompson, Sapp &

Wilson, LLPAtlanta, GA

Lawrence ZimmermanLaw Offices of Lawrence T.

ZimmermanWashington, DC

Chapter 29

Chapter Editor

Michael T. AndersonMurphy Anderson PLLC

Boston, MA

Contributing Editors

Jeffrey BosleyWinston & Strawn LLPSan Francisco, CA

Jonathan FrittsMorgan Lewis & Bockius LLPWashington, DC

Matthew GallagherKiesewetter Wise Kaplan Prather,

PLCMemphis, TN

Renee M. GerniMurphy Anderson PLLCWashington, DC

The Developing Labor Lawxxviii

Jay KiesewetterKiesewetter Wise Kaplan

Prather, PLCMemphis, TN

John PolleyAnne ZornFaegre & BensonMinneapolis, MN

Anne RaulersonAFTRABethesda, MD

Lawrence SongEpstein Turner & Song, P.C.Los Angeles, CA

Chapter 30

Chapter Editors

Robin Luce HerrmannButzel LongBloomfield Hills, MI

George DaviesQuinn, Walls, Weaver & Davies

LLPBirmingham, AL

Contributing Editors

Jennifer DukarskiBethany Steffke SweenyButzel LongAnn Arbor, MI

Ziyad HermizPaul MersinoBenjamin SteffansLaura Tedesco JohnsonButzel LongDetroit, MI

Danielle HessellJonathan Jorissen

James SheridanButzel Long

Bloomfield Hills, MI

Chapter 29—(Cont’d)

Board of Editors xxix

Chapter 31

Chapter Editors

George D. AdamsFisher & Phillips, LLPLouisville, KY

Christopher N. GrantSchuchat, Cook & WernerSt. Louis, MO

Contributing Editors

Robert L. DalyDykema Gossett PLLCBloomfield Hills, MI

Keith E. EastlandMiller, Johnson, Snell &

Cummiskey, PLCGrand Rapids, MI

William Morris “Bill”Lamoreaux

Dallas, TX

Leticia PeñaNational Labor Relations BoardDenver, CO

Charles P. Roberts IIIConstangy, Brooks & Smith,

LLPWinston-Salem, NC

David S. TimmsConAgra FoodsOmaha, NE

Chapter 32

Chapter Editor

Karen NeilsenNational Labor Relations Board

Cleveland, OH

Contributing Editors

Elijah BaccusMarilyn WidmanAmy ZawackiAlotta, Farley & Widman Co.,

LPAToledo, OH

N. Victor GoodmanMark D. TuckerBenesch, Friedlander, Coplan &

Arranoff, LLPColumbus, OH

The Developing Labor Lawxxx

Michael HarringtonMurtha Cullina LLPHartford, CT

Albert PalewiczNational Labor Relations BoardBaltimore, MD

Sharon StecklerNational Labor Relations Board

Fort Worth, TX

Chapter 33

Chapter Editors

Martin CostelloTeamsters Local 120Blaine, MN

Kurt GrahamClark Hill PLCGrand Rapids, MI

Contributing Editors

E. Joseph Giroux, Jr.Creighton, Johnson & GirouxBuffalo, NY

Keith GreenbergDuane Morris LLPNew York, NY

Erik HultLittler Mendelson, P.C.Columbus, OH

Emily KeimigSherman & Howard LLCDenver, CO

Tara LevyNational Labor Relations BoardNewark, NJ

Matthew SiebelLong Island University Assoc.

CounselBrookville, NY

Evan J. WhiteLaw Offices of Evan J. White

New York, NY

Chapter 32—(Cont’d)