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NANOMATCHNano-sy s t ems f o r th e c on s e r va t i on o fimmoveabl e and moveabl e po l ymat e r ia l Cu l tu ra l Her i ta g e in a chang ing env i r onmen t

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w.nanomatch-project.eu

Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC)

of the Italian National Research Council (CNR)

Coordinator Dr. Adriana Bernardi

Phone: +39-049-8295906

E-mail: [email protected]

Institute of Inorganic and Surface Chemistry (ICIS)

of the Italian National Research Council (CNR)

Dr. Monica Favaro

Phone: +39-049-8295907


TNO - Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientifi c Research

Dr. T.G. Nijland

Phone: +31 88-8665219


TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION

Dr. Oihana García

Phone. +34 667 178 860


Cercle des Partenaires du Patrimoine -

Laboratoire de Recherche des Monuments Historiques (CPP-LRMH)

Dr. Vincent Detalle

Phone: +33-160-377780


Fraunhofer-Institute for Silicate Research ISC

Katrin Wittstadt

Phone: +49-9342-9221-701


AIDICO Instituto Tecnológico de la Construcción

Dr Maria Dolores Romero Sanchez

Phone: +34-965608302


R.E.D. S.r.l. Ir

Luc Pockelé

Phone: +39-049-773656


NANOTEGO Nano Teknolojik Urunler Arastirma Gelistirme Kimya Sanayi Ve Ticaret

Anonim Sirketi

Dr. Yusuf Menceloglu

Phone: +90-216-5377200


Bofi mex bouwstoffen B.V.

Bastiaan J. Verhey

Phone: +31-162-499575

E-mail: bas.verhey@bofi mex.nl

Metropolitankapitel der Hohen Domkirche Köln

Dr. Ulrike Brinkmann

Phone: +49-221-17940-365


Opera di Santa Croce

Dr. Giuseppe de’ Micheli

Phone: +39-055-2466105


Eschlimann

Mr. Martin Labouré

Phone : +33-3-88-64 18 22


T_O_P Oberfl ächen GmbH

Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard Möller

Phone: +49 931 660 575 10


SC DUCT SRL

Mr. Iulian Daniel Olteanu

Phone: +40-212242484


EC Project Offi cer:

Michel Chapuis

European Commission – Directorate General – »Research & Innovation«

Directorate I »Environment« Unit I 2 »Environmental Technology«

(cultural heritage issues)

Phone: + 32-22 95 41 06 | E-mail: [email protected]

The Nanomatch Consortium

Cul tura l Her i ta g e in a chang ing env i r onmen t

- EU-FP7 Supported Project: Grant Agreement No 283182

- Duration: November 2011 - October 2014

NANOMATCH is an EU research project funded through the Seventh Framework Programme. SP1-Cooperation; Collaborative project; Small or medium-scale focused research

project. Subprogramme Area: Development of advanced compatible materials and techniques and their application for the protection, conservation and restoration of cultural heritage

assets. FP7-ENV-NMP.2011.3.2.1-1 – Grant Agreement No. 283182

Government authorities, restoration architects and con-servation scientists have been confronted for many years with the problem of the deterioration of historic buil-ding materials, in particular stone, wood and glass. This issue has become increasingly urgent as climate change and atmospheric pollution are worsening the effects of natural weathering, whilst socio-economic realities are requiring a more sustainable management of the built heritage. Furthermore, the current use of inappropriate commercial treatment products, especially polymers that were designed for purposes completely other than cultu-ral heritage conservation, has had detrimental effects on historic materials in recent years due to the fast deteriora-tion of these products that impacts the treated materials.

Combining the most recent advances in the fields of nanotechnologies and conservation science, the NANO-MATCH project will address these issues by developing a new class of innovative nano-structured materials, tailored specifically to historic materials and adapted to a climate change context. They will provide enhanced sustainability, compatibility and efficiency compared to conventional conservation products, thus offering a real alternative and renewing the market dedicated to the conservation of the built heritage.

Alkaline earth and semi-metal alkoxides molecular pre-cursors will be synthesised tuning their properties to the characteristics of the substrate to be treated and to the specific demands of their required function. The nano-coating deposition of these precursors in the historic ma-terials will lead to nano-structured conservation products compatible with the main built heritage materials: stone, wood (including polychrome materials) and glass.

The products will be first assessed in the laboratory and then evaluated in the field through four different cases studies in Cologne, Florence, Bucharest. and Oviedo.

The metal-alkoxides showing the highest performance and safety among the molecular precursors, also in comparison to commercial products, will be assessed for their introduction to the market. In the different steps of the project, the hazard impact of the metal alkoxides on environment and human health will be monitored during the production and after the conservation treatments due to the possible environmental release of nanoparticles from the treated substrates by considering the transfor-mation that the composts could undergo.

The best processing parameters for industrial production will be defined and the costs and benefits of the new products in economic terms will be determined. An exploitation plan, centred on SME interests, leading to a business model will be also developed with an evaluation of the risk during the production/dissemination and exploitation in the market.

Biocolonization on a limestone statue. Garden of the Olimpico Theater, © Musei Civici di Vicenza- Vicenza, IT

© Cologne Cathedral

FEG-ESEM image of Calcium alkoxide coating on a

stone pore (magnification 8.000x), © CNR-ICIS

Historic glass with internal fracture, © Cologne Cathedreal

Consolidation of Stone, © DUCT

Overview of the New MaterialsNANOMATCH will develop two conservation products: a new alkaline earth alkoxide product for stone and wood will be created and an already existing aluminium alkoxide product for glass. (EU project Constglass) will be optimised.

Stone and Wood

Within the bilateral French-Italian Project Galileo 2009, preliminary feasibility tests performed on limestone and wall paintings demonstrated that selected calcium alkoxides react with the atmosphere to produce calcium carbonate, identifi ed by XRD measurements as calcite and vaterite. Depending on the experimental conditions, the vaterite/calcite ratio identifi ed in the fi nal calcium carbonate varies considerably, underlining the importance of the solvent-dispersion agent interactions and the role of the substrate. Moreover, impregnation of a porous substrate, simulating a deteriorated stone, with a solution of calcium methoxide produces a crystalline nano-structured calcium carbonate fi lm which is deposited on the surface of the substrate grains with a good adhesion, without cracks or formation of ungrafted particles. Unlike silica coating created by traditional consolidants like TEOS, this fi lm homogeneously penetrates all the substrate pores, binding its grains together, thus fulfi lling the primary requirements of a consolidant. Furthermore, non-destructive measurements showed that this coating increases the stone cohesion by 20% while, thanks to its nano-dimensions, it affects neither its surface appearance nor its water vapour permeability.

Glass

A molecularly dispersed aluminium alkoxide complex (A18) was developed during the EU project Constglass. Its promising properties as a glass consolidant are due to its very low viscosity that allows it to penetrate into the smallest capillaries of the corroded glass. After the solvent evaporation, the micro porous residue consists of an aluminium oxide precursor which subsequently hydrolyses very slowly leading to an oxide network chemically bonded tightly to the inner walls of the cracks. This newly formed micro porous oxide network provides a guiding structure that is gradually fi lled in by glass components migrating from the vicinity of the crack, creating a new glass matrix within the crack, thus healing the corroded glass.

The NANOMATCH project aims at renewing the conservation product market by developing new, advanced, com-patible and sustainable nano-structured consolidants as an alternative to conventional products, thus improving the preservation of Europe’s valuable built heritage.

Stone compression tests in laboratory, © AIDICO

Detail from painting, © Opera die Santa Croce

© Opera di Santa Croce

© Cologne Cathedral

Cologne Cathedral

The Cologne cathedral is the one of the outstanding examples of Go-

thic architecture and has been added to the UNESCO World Heritage

list in 1996. Its construction started in 1248 but it was only completed

in 1880 after an interruption of several centuries.

The main building material of the cathedral is trachyte stone but

sandstone, shell-limestone and basalt have also been used. It possesses

numerous stained glass windows, several internal wooden structures

(choir stalls, historical confessionals) and many polychrome wooden

sculptures. The church is situated in the heart of the city, near a railway

station, and over the years weather, air pollution and micro-organisms

have deteriorated the exterior materials.

Interior materials are also under environmental stress caused in part

by the 5 millions annual visitors who bring with them dust, soil and

humidity and light millions of candles.

Case S tud ies

Opera di Santa Croce, Florence

The basilica of Santa Croce, founded in 1294, is one of the fi nest

Gothic churches in Italy and the largest Franciscan church in the

world. It belongs to a monumental complex situated in the historic

centre of Florence which was declared a World Heritage site in 1982.

This complex has lived through a succession of religious, artistic and

civic vicissitudes and its construction has been carried out over seven

centuries.

The Santa Croce basilica contains numerous masterpieces, in particu-

lar, the side chapels contain outstanding 14th c. Florentine paintings,

including exceptional frescoes by Giotto, as well as masterpieces of

15th c. sculpture. Santa Croce also houses the funeral monuments

of Michelangelo, Galileo, Machiavelli and many other illustrious

personages.

With the unifi cation of Italy in the 19th c., it became a place of cele-

bration of the national glory.

Stavropoleos Monastery,

Bucharest

The Stavropoleos monastery lies at the heart of Bucharest and was

founded in 1724. Of the original buildings, only the church, an

outstanding example of the Romanian Brancovan style, has been

preserved and contains a wealth of stone carvings, stucco-work and

frescoes.

The other buildings that can be seen today are the result of an exten-

sive restoration and building project begun in 1897 that uses the same

decorative motives as the 18th c. church.

Cathedral of Oviedo

The cathedral of San Salvador of Oviedo is the most outstanding Go-

thic work in the Asturias region of Northern Spain. It was essentially

built from the end of the 13th c. to the second half of the 16th c. and

consequently, it illustrates the different stages of the Spanish Gothic’s

evolution. Baroque and Renaissance elements were later added. The

current building rises around the pre-Romanesque and Romanesque

Holy Chamber which was declared a World Heritage site by the

UNESCO in 1988. It houses the cathedral treasure, including several

relics that made Oviedo a regular and almost compulsory pilgrim stop

on the road to Santiago de Compostela since the Middle ages.

The cathedral is built using two local limestones, the dolomitic “La-

spra” stone, more porous and easier to carve, found in the cloister

and the interior and exterior sculpted decoration, and the coarser “Pi-

edramuelle” limestone, more durable, used for the building exterior.

The humid climate of the Asturian region and the urban pollution of

Oviedo have deteriorated these calcareous stones, the Laspra stone

more severely, leading to the decay of fi gures and ornaments.

Past consolidation treatments have proven unsuccessful and new

conservation solutions are urgently needed.

.

© Stavrololeos Monastery

© Cathedreal of Oviedo

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