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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS ICAFLS – 2019/1

2. International Conference on

"Agriculture, Forestry & Life Sciences"

April 18-20, 2019.

Prague, Czech Republic.

ISBN: 978-605-81152-1-7

www.icafls.org

"COMMITTEES"

Chairman of the Conference

Dr. M.ATILLA ASKIN (European University of Lefke)

Co-chairman of the Conference

Dr. Otilia Bobis (Romania)

Organization staff of the Conference

Dr. Usha R Patar (Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague)

Dr. Jawad Ali Shah (Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague)

Dr. Shilka Kumari Mehta (Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague)

Scientific Board

• Octavio Paredes-Lopez, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.

• Gulzar Ahmad NAYIK, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrūr, India.

• Otilia BOBIS, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.

• Mirela Irina CORDEA, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Romania

• Adela Ramona MOISE, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Romania.

• John PICKETT, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom.

• Mohammed Wasim SIDDIQUI, Bihar Agriculture University, Sabour, India.

• Faqir Muhammed ANJUM, Vice Chancellor Universityof the Gambia. Gambia.

• Khalid Ul Rehman Hakeem, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University,

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

• Basharat Nabi DAR, Awantipora, JK, India.

• Ashok R. PATEL, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Portugal.

• Vikas Nanda SLIET, Punjab, India.

• M Shafiur RAHMAN, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.

• Muhammad Issa Khan, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Pakistan.

• Milica Fotiric Aksic, University of Belgrade, Serbia.

• Agnieszka Barbara Najda, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland.

• Nadezhda Traycheva PETKOVA, University Of Food Technology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

• Imran PASHA, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

• Shabir Hassan, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA.

• Sezai Ercisli, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.

• Hakan Aktaş, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.

• Mevlüt Gül, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.

• Bozena Denisow, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lubelskie, Poland.

• Atanas Atanasov, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw, Poland.

• Violeta Nour, University of Craiova, Craiova, Dolj, Romania.

• Carlos AlbertoDuqueEcheverri, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.

• Alvaro Luis Morales Aramburo, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.

• Ricardo Leon Restrepo Arango, Universidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia

• Juan Carlos Martinez-Orozco, UniversidadAutónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.

• Miguel Eduvardo Mora-Ramos, UniversidadAutónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, Mexico.

• Tomislav Tosti, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.

• Halina Buczkowska, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland.

• Renata Nurzyńska – Wierdak, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland.

• Joanna Klepacka, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.

• Muhammad Qaiser, Center of Plant Conservation, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.

• Khalid Javed, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

• Muhammad Abdullah, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

• Agnieszka Sękara, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow Poland.

• Abdulrasoul M. Alomran, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

• Zeki Mut, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Turkey.

• Dan C. Vodnar, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

I

TABLE OF CONTENT

II

Abstract Title Page

METHODS, EFFECTIVENESS AND OPTIMIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL HONEY BEE INFECTION (APIS MELLIFERA) WITH NOSEMA SPP. FOR LABORATORY CAGE EXPERIENCES

1

MASH BEAN [VIGNA MUNGO (L.) HEPPER] GERMPLASM EVALUATION AT DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN

2

ASSESSMENT OF THE DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION IN THE FLOOD AFFECTED PUNJAB, PAKISTAN. (Not presented on the Conference)

3

IMPROVING THE QUALITY AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF SAFFLOWER THROUGH FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SELENIUM

4

ISOLATION, STRUCTURAL CONFIRMATION AND BIOACTIVITIES OF TWO ISOMERIC XANTHONES FROM AQUEOUS FRACTION OF DRYOPTERIS RAMOSA L.

5

FORTY YEARS OF COMMUNITY FORESTRY IN NEPAL: WHAT NEXT? (Not presented on the Conference)

6

USE OF KAOLIN AS A REFLECTIVE CLAY IMPROVES OLIVE TREE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND YIELD RESPONSES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

7

DNA DAMAGE INDUCED BY COPPER TOXICITY IN FOUR VITIS VINIFERA L. VARIETIES DETECTED BY COMET ASSAY

8

DEFICIT IRRIGATION STRATEGIES IN OLIVE ORCHARDS: INFLUENCE ON FRUIT QUALITY 9 USER PARTICIPATION IN URBAN PARK DESIGN PROCESS 10 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PARKS 11 TRENDS IN POMEGRANATE SECTOR: PRODUCTION, POSTHARVEST HANDLING AND MARKETING

12

EFFECT OF CERTIFICATION ON TIMBER SALE PRICES* 13 THE USING OF SOME PLANTS IN THE HITTITE RITUALS 14 ENERGY INPUTS, GREENHOUSE STRUCTURES AND CROP YIELD RELATIONSHIP IN GREENHOUSE PEPPER PRODUCTION

15

A FRAMEWORK OF EXPORT SUPPLY CHAIN FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 16 TRACEABILITY IN FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES EXPORTS: CASE OF ANTALYA/TURKEY 17 INVESTIGATION OF THE SOCIO ECONOMIC STRUCTURES OF SOILLESS GREENHOUSES PRODUCING TOMATOES IN THE ANTALYA

18

DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS OF FERTILIZATION ON VEGETATIVE AND GENERATIVE PROPERTIES IN OLIVE GROWING

19

HEAVY METAL HAZARDS TO THE PLANT, ENVIRONMENT AND PEOPLE AND MEASURES TO BE TAKEN

20

COMPARATIVE EXPORT POTENTIAL OF TURKISH PISTACHIO 21 IMPACT OF SUPPORTING SYSTEM IN VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: A CASE OF ANTALYA, TURKEY

22

WILD OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA L. SSP. OLEASTER) SELECTION IN AYVACIK REGION 23 SUSTAINABLE USE OF BRACKISH WATER FOR COTTON –WHEAT ROTATION (Not presented on the Conference)

24

DOES CLIMATE CHANGE PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN CROP CHOICE? A MICRO LEVEL STUDY INTO SOUTHERN ZONE OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA

25

EXAMINATION OF HIGHWAY LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN MANAVGAT DISTRICT DEMOCRACY BOULEVARD OF ANTALYA PROVINCE IN TERMS OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN CRITERIA (Not presented on the Conference)

26

MONITORING WORK THE NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATERS IN ANKARA PROVINCE

27

EVALUATION OF PLANT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY (Not presented on the Conference)

28

AREAS OF NATURE CONSERVATION PROTECTED IN THE VARIOUS STATUS IN CITY OF ERZINCAN 29 INCREASING AGROECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY: MALVA SILVESTRIS AS A NOVEL CROP FOR HUMAN FOOD

30

COAT PROTEİN VARIABILITY of Apple mosaic virus ISOLATES FROM DIFFERENT PLANT HOSTS

31

III

VIRUS DISEASES OF LETTUCE in ANKARA PROVINCE 32 UTILISATION OF FIG SEED FLOUR IN COOKIE PRODUCTION 33 THE CHANGE OF THE PRODUCTION AND PRODUCERS’ PRICE OF DRY-ONION IN THE WORLD AND TURKEY

34

ANALYSIS OF RED PEPPER COST AND PROFITABILITY IN KAHRAMANMARAŞ PROVINCE 35 INCLUSION OF ROSA DAMASCENA MILL. POWDER IN TO COOKIES: NUTRITIONAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS

36

IMPROVEMENT OF THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WHEAT FLOUR DOUGHS CONTAINING VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF GRAPE SEED FLOUR BY USING GLUCOSE OXIDASE

37

THE EFFECTS OF GRAPE SEED FLOUR AND GLUCOSE OXIDASE SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE SOME QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BREAD

38

MARKETING STRUCTURE OF APRICOT PRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF ITS PROBLEMS: A CASE OF MUT DISTRICT IN MERSIN PROVINCE

39

THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT USAGE ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF APRICOT FARMERS: A CASE OF MUT DISTRICT IN TURKEY

40

MARKETING STRUCTURE OF GREENHOUSE CAPIA PEPPERS (CAPIA PIPERIS) PRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF ITS PROBLEMS: THE CASE OF KAŞ DISTRICT OF ANTALYA PROVINCE

41

AN ASSESSMENT OF LIVESTOCK BREEDING AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN TURKEY 42 THE PROFITABILITY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CAPIA PEPPERS FARMERS IN THE GREENHOUSE AREA: A CASE OF KAŞ DISTRICT IN ANTALYA PROVINCE

43

DYNAMICS OF CO2 FLUXES IN HEMIBOREAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS 44 HIDRIC EFFICIENCY IN SPECIES OF Eucalyptus spp. SUBMITTED TO WATER STRESS 45 INITIAL GROWTH OF CLONES OF Sequoia sempervirens IN THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL 46 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA ROASTING OF COFFEE BEANS BY MEANS OF A NOVEL GLOW PLASMA JET (Not presented on the Conference)

47

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE AND NDVI IN IRAN (Not presented on the Conference)

48

DETERMINATION OF TOMATO LEAFMINER (TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE)) POPULATION IN OPEN FIELD AND GREENHOUSE TOMATO GROWING AREAS ON TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS

49

DETECTION OF CITRUS INFECTIOUS VARIEGATION VIRUS (CIVV=CVV), CITRUS LEAF RUGOSE VIRUS (CLRV) AND CITRUS CHLOROTIC DWARF VIRUS (CCD) IN CITRUS TREES FROM CYPRUS

50

EFFECTS OF GA3 AND SEAWEED EXTRACT APPLICATIONS ON THE FLOWERING OF ‘SWEET CHARLIE’ STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA X ANANASSA DUCH.)

51

THE EVALUATION OF THE CONSUMERS' PREFERENCES ON APPLE VARIETIES: A CASE OF ANTALYA PROVINCE

52

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT LED INDUSTRIALIZATION IN ETHIOPIA: STRUCTURAL BREAK ANALYSIS

53

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IMMERSION TIME WITH WATER-BASED LIQUID SMOKE APPLICATIONS ON THE COLOR OF ANCHOVY FILLETS

54

MONITORING OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ACETIC ACID RATIOS ON THE COLOR OF MARINATED ANCHOVY FILLETS AND SKIN DURING 24 HOURS

55

MONITORING THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL VINEGARS ON THE COLOR OF ANCHOVY AND SARDINE FILLETS

56

EFFECT OF DRY SALTING ON THE COLOR OF SARDINE MONITORING OF COLOR CHANGES IN DIFFERENT PROCESSES OF ANCHOVY AND SARDINE

57

FILLETS DIPPED IN ORANGE OIL, LEMON OIL AND LIQUID SMOKE 58 INVESTIGATION OF COLOR CHANGES OF ANCHOVY AND SARDINE FILLETS TREATED WITH DIFFERENT OILS AND LIQUID BY COMPUTER-BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY

59

FOOT-NAIL DISEASES IN CATTLE AND THEIR HARMS TO BUSINESSES 60

IV

UTILIZATION OF COMPOST FERTILIZER WHICH MADE FROM POULTRY SLUDGE AND MARKET WASTE AS A POTTING MEDIA COMPONENT WITH COIR DUST FOR ORNAMENTAL PLANT TAGETES PATULA (ANTIGUA YELLOW) AND LEAFY VEGETABLE IPOMOEA ACQUATICA (L).

61

PUBLIC SERVANTS SERVING THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH URBAN AGRICULTURE (Not presented on the Conference)

62

(A REVIEW) ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L. 63 ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF HORSECHESTNUT GROWING IN UŞAK REGION 64 THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN LIMITATION ON INTERCEPTION AND USING OF RADIATION IN SPRING CANOLA CULTIVARS (Not presented on the Conference)

65

EXPLORING ADAPTABILITY OF EXOTIC PROSO MILLET GENOTYPES IN AGRO ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF MULTAN, PAKISTAN (Not presented on the Conference)

66

SCREENING OF USDA AMARANTH GERMPLASM FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHENOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Not presented on the Conference)

67

AMES MUTAGENITY TEST 68 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THIN LAYER MICROWAVE DRYING OF YELLOW CHERRY 69 DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION UlMUS GLABRA HUDS. (ULMACEAE) IN GEORGIA 70 PHENOTYPING QUINOA GENOTYPES FOR EVALUATING HEAT STRESS TOLERANCE ASSOCIATION (Not presented on the Conference)

71

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEED PRIMING TECHNIQUES ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF MUNG BEAN (VIGNA RADIATA L.) (Not presented on the Conference)

72

DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE LEVELS IN STRAWBERRIES (FRAGARIA) BY NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

73

RAPID DETECTION OF FOREIGN OIL ADULTERATION IN YOGURT USING NEAR AND MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

74

SEED PRIMING WITH ASCORBIC ACID: A COST-EFFECTIVE WAY TO INCREASE WHEAT DEVELOPMENT AND PHOTOPROTECTION IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

75

CAN SUPPLEMENTATION OF WHEAT WITH SELENIUM AFFECT THE ALLOCATION OF OTHER MINERALS IN THE PLANT?

76

APPLICATION OF SILICON PRIMING UNDER VARIOUS IRRIGATION REGIMES IN HYBRID MAIZE (Not presented on the Conference)

77

TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS ON PEPPER IN KUMLUCA-ANTALYA, TURKEY 78 INFLUENCE OF SEED PRIMING WITH POTASSIUM NITRATE AND SALICYLIC ACID ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING VIGOUR OF MUNGBEAN (Not presented on the Conference)

79

GERMINATION BEHAVIOUR OF SEEDS FROM HERBICIDE TREATED PLANTS OF REDROOT PIGWEED (A. retroflexus L.)

80

APPLICABILITY OF PENDIMETHALIN PRE-EMERGENCE WEED CONTROL IN BLACK CUMIN (Nigella sativa L.) PRODUCTION

81

YIELD RESPONCES OF WHEAT TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FOLIAR APPLIED BORON (Not presented on the Conference)

82

BRAND AND BRANDING APPLICATIONS OF FISHERIES SECTOR IN TURKEY 83 BORON PROTECTS OLIVE TREE FROM COLD DAMAGE 84 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL IMPACTS OF LEGUMINOUS COVER CROPS IN OLIVE RAINFED ORCHARDS

85

ALMOND CULTIVATION 86 GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION OF TURKISH FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE PROCESS OF ACCESSION TO THE EU

87

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE FLOWER OF DIFFERENT CITRUS VARIETIES 88 QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF BLACKBERRY CULTIVARS CULTIVATED IN HIGHLAND CLIMATE

89

DETERMINATION OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF BOYSENBERRY FRUITS IN HIGHLAND CLIMATE

90

INVESTIGATIONS ON IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF BLACK MULBERRY 91 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC MATERIALS ON STRAWBERRY SEEDLING YIELD 92

V

THE USE OF GOJIBERRY LEAVES AS AN ADDITIVE IN SUGAR BEET LEAVES SILAGES 93 INVESTIGATIONS ON IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF BLACK MULBERRY 94 THE ESTIMATION OF CATTLE FARMS BY THE OBSERVER 95 USE OF HERBAL DRUGS AND ESSENTIAL OILS FOR TREATMENT IN ORGANIC FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION

96

SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.) AND ITS USAGE 97 EFFECT OF SOME HEAVY METALS ON SEED GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)

98

THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL MUTAGENE (ETHYL METHANESULFONATE) TREATMENTS ON IN VITRO GROWTH OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)

99

THE EFFECT OF ETHYL METHANESULFONATE (EMS) TREATMENTS ON TUBER GROWTH OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)

100

STUDY OF FOREST RARE SPECIEC IN GEORGIA 101

VI

ABSTRACTS OF PRESENTATIONS

1

(Poster Presentation)

METHODS, EFFECTIVENESS AND OPTIMIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL HONEY BEE

INFECTION (APIS MELLIFERA) WITH NOSEMA SPP. FOR LABORATORY CAGE

EXPERIENCES

Patrycja Skowronek

University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, Institute of Biological

Basis of Animal Production, 20950 Lublin/Poland

Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract

Bees are responsible for pollinating about 80% of all types of food products and are also an important element of the

ecosystem that ensures biodiversity of the natural environment. Their assistance in pollination is a very important

element in maintaining a stable level of food supply and supports human work in the agro-gardening sector. As a result

of deteriorating environmental conditions, bees became less resistant and susceptible to various types of parasites and

pathogens. One of the important and major parasites is classified into regnum of protists - Nosema spp. Causing the

disease called nosemosis. Although the microsporidium biology of Nosema apis and N. ceranae, as well as the

mechanism of infection itself, are already well known, it is only discovered in 2017 that the new species - N. neumanni

indicates the current relevance of the subject. It is estimated that the occurrence of Nosema spores in honeybee (Apis

mellifera) contributes to the reduction of its lifespan by up to 60%, and further reduces the amount of obtained bee

products such as honey and wax by 65%. Until now, there is no effective type of nosemosis therapy and treatment in a

safe way for bees as well as no loss in the form of bee product contamination. The aim of the study is to search for

solutions that give hope to improve the search for a solution to the global problem of honey bee infections with Nosema

spp spores. Such solutions often require experiments in artificial conditions with intentional infection with such spores.

This allows the observation of many aspects of the disease under controlled conditions. Until now, no uniform method

has been developed for such an infection. The study will compare several infection methods for research purposes.

Experimental groups infected with different methods will be compared to a non-infected control group. The course and

speed of infection with individual methods will be tested using live microbiological formulas made from experimental

bees (live and dead) and control bees (live and dead). The number of spores counted in the fields of view on a given day

of the experiment will allow to determine the speed and effectiveness of bee infection in a given method.

Key words: nosemosis, bee diseases, microsporidia, parasites

2

(Oral Presentation)

MASH BEAN [VIGNA MUNGO (L.) HEPPER] GERMPLASM EVALUATION AT

DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN

Abdul Qayyum

1*, Javed Iqbal

2 and Lorenzo Barbanti

3

1Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, 22620 Pakistan.

2Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan

3Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Italy

*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), black gram, is a legume of growing interest worldwide, and the third largest

pulse crop in Pakistan. In this work, nine advanced breeding lines were compared with two commercial varieties, in

order to investigate plant traits, yield potential and stability of the new lines prior to release as cultivated varieties. A

field experiment was set up in three locations in Punjab, Pakistan (average latitude, 32° 56‟ N; elevation ranging from

198 to 525 m asl), during the kharif season of 2014. Developmental, morphological and yield traits included time to

reach 50% flowering and 90% maturity, plant height and the number of primary branches, grain yield (GY) and its

three components (pods per plant, seeds per pod and thousand seed weight). Several traits showed a sizeable variation

among genotypes, as premise for significant improvements through selection. GY varied between 778 kg ha-1

(cv. Mash

Arooj) and 1005 kg ha-1

(line 11CM-709) in the eleven genotypes, and between 438 and 1667 kg ha-1

in the three

locations. The lowland location (Piplan) was the highest yielding, despite significant water deficit (precipitation – ET0

= -264 mm at harvest) potentially constraining plant growth. Plant height and the number of branches were

significantly correlated with GY (r = 0.86** and 0.38*, respectively). The number of pods per plant and the thousand

seed weight were more important yield components than seeds per pod (relative importance, 49%, 39% and 12%

respectively). In each genotype average yield across the three locations, plotted against the regression slope of specific

yield vs. average yield in each location, allowed yield potential and stability to be shown. As a result, five of the new

breeding lines exhibited a remarkable yield potential in exchange for low stability, i.e. modest suitability for low

yielding environments. The remaining new lines staged yield potential similar to the two commercial varieties

associated to slightly higher stability, i.e. better adaptation to low yielding environments. In both cases there are good

premises for mash bean higher profitability and, therefore, wider diffusion in the surveyed area.

Key words: mash bean; black gram; genotypes; plant traits; yield potential; yield stability.

mailto:[email protected]

3

(Oral Presentation)

ASSESSMENT OF THE DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION IN THE FLOOD AFFECTED

PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

(Not presented on the Conference)

Muhammad Zubair and Aisha Malik

Department of Forestry and Range Management, FAS&T, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab,

PAKISTAN

[email protected]

Abstract

Deforestation is a predominant factor of decrease in forest resources, majorly used in lieu of energy resources at a

household level, thus being a threat to the already scanty expanse of riverine forests. The present study made use of the

perceptions of the indigenous people of the continually calamity hit areas of the province, coupled with GIS imaging to

perceive changes in forest cover and deforestation status. People in these areas have lost human lives and seen death

and destruction of their livestock and crops, being left with very few income sustaining activities, as they were

dependent on trees or agroforestry settings for their economic sustainability. We selected 200 households by systematic

random sampling, residing in or nearby the Ramsar site of Taunsa Wildlife Sanctuary. Statistical appraisal revealed

significant differences in land cover and use in that grassland and bare soil increased, sparse riverine forest was

reduced and only dense forest cover increased by a small proportion. Deforestation drivers were identified and grouped

into proximate causes. The dependence of respondents on trees, their awareness about deforestation, solutions to

deforestation and climate change were taken into account and concluded.

Keywords: Climate change, deforestation, forests, fuelwood, livelihoods


4

(Oral Presentation)

IMPROVING THE QUALITY AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF SAFFLOWER

THROUGH FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SELENIUM

Ahmad Sher1 and Abdul Qayyum

2

1College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Campus Layyah, Pakistan

2Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Pakistan

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Selenium (Se) play an important role as a trace element in all the living organisms especially in humans, while in

plants, it can trigger a variety of plant growth cascades including the germination and increase in the resistive ability

of the crop plants against the abiotic stresses. This experiment was planned to investigate the foliar application of

selenium on quality and yield of different varieties of safflower. Selenium concentrations viz., 50, 100, 150, and 200

ppm were applied through foliar application on four safflower genotypes i.e. 16427, 16493, 26733 and 26748. The

results revealed that foliage applied selenium (200 ppm) significantly improved the plant height, number of branches,

pods per plant, 1000-seed weight, grain and biological yield of safflower. Among the various safflower genotypes, the

genotype „26748‟ performed better than the other safflower genotypes. Thus, it is concluded that selenium application

at 200 ppm was found to be the most effective for improving the yield and quality of safflower.

Keywords: Selenium, Yield traits, Quality, Safflower genotypes

5

(Oral Presentation)

ISOLATION, STRUCTURAL CONFIRMATION AND BIOACTIVITIES OF TWO

ISOMERIC XANTHONES FROM AQUEOUS FRACTION OF DRYOPTERIS RAMOSA L.

Bibi Yamin1*

and Muhammad Ishaque1

1Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Ethnomedicinal uses of medicinal plants provide a clue for bioactive natural compounds. Dryopteris ramosa is one of

the common fern of Gallyat region of Pakistan. Fronds of D. ramosa are traditionally used for the treatment of gastric

ulcer and constipation. Crude methanol extract and aqueous fraction of D. ramose showed strong free radical

scavenging potential. Two xanthonoids compounds mangiferrin and Isomangiferrin were isolated from aqueous

fraction of D. ramose by chromatographic techniques. Their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis like

MS, FTIR, NMR (1H, 13C, HSQC and HMBC). This is the first report on isolation of mangiferrin and isomangiferrin

from Dryopteris genus however reported in other fern genera e.g. Cystopteris, Acystopteris, Gymnocarpium,

Asplenium. The antioxidant potential of mangiferrin (55.98±0.67 µg/mL) and isomangiferrin (50.61±1.04 µg/mL) was

better than ascorbic acid (57.41 ±0.89µg/mL) a known antioxidant compound. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen

species are known to cause gastric mucosal damage and ulcers. Antioxidants like mangeferin and isomangeferin are

promising agents for oxidative pathologies. This study underlined the ethnomedicinal uses of Dryopteris ramosa.

Keywords: Xanthonoids Antioxidants, ethnomedicinal, Dryopteris ramosa


6

(Oral Presentation)

FORTY YEARS OF COMMUNITY FORESTRY IN NEPAL: WHAT NEXT?


Krishna Prasad ACHARYA

Ministry of Forests and Environment, Forests and Watershed Division

Singh Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal


Abstract

The community forestry program in Nepal was formally launched in 1978 with the enactment of forestry regulations

recognizing the rights of local communities in managing nearby forestry resources. The program is regarded as one of

the most successful examples of social forestry management across the globe. The approach stood as one of the biggest

social mobilization initiatives of the country comprising more than 23,000 local forest use groups managing 2 million

ha of forest. The successful elements of the novel approach are scale up within the country and outside. There are a

number of positive outcomes in terms of social, environmental and financial aspects. Recently, Nepal adopted federal

structure replacing unitary mode of the political framework. In this context, the existing social, political and

environmental governance structure substantially differs compared to the situation when community forestry was

implemented. In addition, globalization has significant affects on resources and institutional mechanism. The paper

aims to review the political, social and environmental aspects and recommends appropriate measures for sustainability

of community forestry.

The paper demonstrates that the forest condition substantially improved from barren hills to green hills impacting

increasing biodiversity, forest stock and forest cover. Further to this, wild animals have reappeared enhancing

biodiversity. As a consequence, community forests and communities are now emerging as increasing conflicts hotspots

causing tension between people and wildlife. The paper illustrates how the social structure, population dynamics and

market access has changed and impacted the program. The most critical single factor triggering the changes in terms of

forest user group institutional mechanism such as gap in leadership, participation, and resource use patterns is

outmigration from the hills. It was found that forest use patterns and the community dependency on forests resources in

the hills changed dramatically.

The paper, however, demonstrates that with the three levels of the government, the sharing of power, resources,

revenues and linkages within and among these levels of government and with the forest user groups will determine the

future sustainability of the community. This is critical as community based forest management attempts in earlier days

has experienced failure due to political boundary based approach. The paper advocates for innovative forest resource

use options as the traditional linkages between forestry, farms and livestock in typical hill farming system changing

rapidly so as agricultural productivity. The paper suggests that Nepal needs immediate policy reforms considering

political, environmental and societal changes to ensure sustainability of the community forestry in order to ensure

societal benefits and equity, natural resources management and environmental sustainability.

Key words: Community forestry, policy, federalism, forest management.


7

(Oral Presentation)

USE OF KAOLIN AS A REFLECTIVE CLAY IMPROVES OLIVE TREE

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND YIELD RESPONSES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL

CONDITIONS

Cátia Brito1*

, Alexandre Gonçalves1*

, Ermelinda Silva1, Sandra Martins

1, Luís Pinto

1, Luís Rocha

1, Ivo Pavia

1,

Ana Luzio1, Lia Dinis

1, M. Ângelo Rodrigues

2, José Moutinho-Pereira

1 & Carlos M. Correia

1

1CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de

Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal 2Mountain Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal

Corresponding author email; [email protected]

Abstract

Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) growing area is threatened by the current and predicted adverse environmental

conditions, affecting negatively plant performance and yield. Thus, agronomic strategies to offset those negative effects

and improve olive orchards sustainability need to be implemented. In this regard, we propose the use of kaolin particle

film, a natural heat and irradiance reflecting clay. To achieve a more comprehensive response about kaolin (5%)

action, during two consecutive years we performed two different experiments, in different geographical locations of

Portugal north-west with “Cobrançosa” cultivar: established olive trees under conventional rainfed conditions and

under deficit irrigation (27.5% of ETc). Generally, during the summer period, kaolin was effective in improving water

status and photosynthetic response, by reducing both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. Moreover, improved leaf

gas exchange restauration after the first rains persists during the winter months in rainfed conditions. Kaolin also

reduces leaf sclerophylly, inducing shade-related leaf characteristics. As a result of better physiological performance

achieved with kaolin application, yield increased 97% and 54.6% in rainfed and deficit irrigation conditions,

respectively. Overall, the results of the present investigation revealed a cost-effective strategy to attenuate the negative

effects of summer stress in olive trees, while allows to save water. Ultimately, this practice might contribute to increase

the sustainability and competitiveness of this sector and anticipate solutions to the negative effects of climate change.

Keywords: Mitigation strategies, Olea europaea, photosynthesis, summer stress, yield.

Acknowledgements: This work was funded by the INTERACT project – “Integrative Research in Environment, Agro-

Chains and Technology”, no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, in its line of research entitled ISAC, co-financed by

the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program

2014/2020).

8


DNA DAMAGE INDUCED BY COPPER TOXICITY IN FOUR VITIS VINIFERA L.

VARIETIES DETECTED BY COMET ASSAY

Cláudia CASTRO

1, Ana CARVALHO

1,2, Isabel GAIVÃO

3,4, José LIMA-BRITO

1,2,3

1Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (BioISI-UTAD), 5000-

801 Vila Real 2Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tras-

os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real 3Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real

4Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados,

5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal


Abstract

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. For more than one century, fungicides containing Cu have

been intensively used to protect grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) from diseases, increasing its concentration in soil, and

resulting in phyto-, cyto- and genotoxicity. Toxicity generates DNA damage that can be evaluated by comet assay that

constitutes a versatile and sensitive method to detect DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites. In this study we aim to

evaluate nuclei of four grapevine varieties grown hydroponically in different concentrations of Cu, using the alkaline

comet assay, in order to evaluate the DNA damage caused by Cu induced genotoxicity, Cuttings of the grapevine

varieties: Tinta Barroca, Tinto Cão (red wine varieties), Malvasia Fina and Viosinho (white wine varieties) were

placed in distilled water in a heat chamber (25°C, 60% relative humidity and 12h photoperiod) for three weeks, and

then distributed by five Cu concentrations: 0 (control), 1, 10, 25 and 50 µM, for seven weeks. For the alkaline comet

assay the first fully expanded leaf of three cuttings were collected (per variety and per treatment). Nuclei were

immediately extracted, mixed with 1% low melting point agarose and dropped on a microscope slide. The slides were

incubated in freshly prepared cold electrophoresis buffer for 20 min for DNA unwind and the electrophoresis was at

0.72 V/cm (300 mA) for 30 min. Comets were stained with DAPI, observed in an Olympus BX41 fluorescence

microscope and 100 random nuclei per gel were visually scored. Data were statistically analysed by two-way ANOVA

and the Tukey test. In Tinto Cão and Viosinho, the DNA damage increased significantly (p < 0.001) in all Cu

treatments relative to control. In Tinta Barroca, the DNA damage increased significantly (p < 0.001) only for 10 µM

Cu treatments and above. Malvasia Fina had a significant lower DNA damage in the 1 µM Cu treatment (p < 0.001),

but the damage increases with the increasing Cu concentrations. These results indicate that the excess of Cu present in

the growth medium was taken by the canes and it was translocated to the leaves, inducing DNA damage. Tinta Barroca

was the variety with the lowest mean DNA damage and Viosinho was the variety with the highest mean DNA damage.

To better compare the different varieties, Relative DNA Damage (RDD), that is, the percentage of damage variation

relative to the control, was calculated. Overall, Tinto Cão had the highest average RDD (156%), followed by Tinta

Barroca (147%), Viosinho (118%) and Malvasia Fina (95%). The red wine varieties appear to be more sensitive to the

Cu treatment than the white wine varieties, but more grapevine varieties would have to be tested.

Key words: DNA damage, grapevine, micronutrient, toxicity.

Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the projects INTERACT (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017 - research

line VitalityWine) (master grant BI/INTERACT/VW/183/2016) and INNOVINE&WINE (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-

000038, research line Viticulture) (postdoctoral grant BPD/UTAD/INNOVINE&WINE/593/2016).

9

(Oral Presentation)

DEFICIT IRRIGATION STRATEGIES IN OLIVE ORCHARDS: INFLUENCE ON FRUIT

QUALITY

Alexandre Gonçalves

1*, Ermelinda Silva

1, Cátia Brito

1, Sandra Martins

1, Luís Rocha

1, Ivo

Pavia1, Carlos Gomes

2, Anabela Fernandes-Silva

1, Carlos Ribeiro

3, M. Ângelo Rodrigues

4,

José Moutinho-Pereira1, Fernando M. Nunes

2, Carlos M. Correia

1

1CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences

2CQVR – Chemistry Centre of Vila Real

3Agronomy Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal

4Mountain Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal

*Corresponding author email; [email protected]

Abstract

In order to overcome constrains that affect olive groves and its socioeconomic value, new cropping practices focusing

on water use efficiency were investigated. The study was conducted in Northeast Portugal and different deficit

irrigation strategies (DIS) were investigated: regulated (RDI, 10% ETc during pit hardening and 80% ETc in the

remaining stages), sustained (SDI, 27.5% ETc), sustained usually applied by farmer (SDIAF, 21.2% ETc) and fully

irrigated (FI, 100% ETc), as control treatment. The fruit metabolites fluctuations and quality parameters were

evaluated. Using FI as reference, DIS treatments led to changes in the secondary metabolism in fruits with increased

total phenolic compounds (+11% in SDIAF), ortho-diphenols (+25 in SDI and +44% in SDIAF), and flavonoids

(+29% in RDI, +26% in SDI, +91% in SDIAF) concentrations, and higher total antioxidant capacity (+41% in SDI).

DIS treatments influenced the profile of olive fruit phenolics with changes in oleuropein (-55% in SDIAF), chlorogenic

acid and quercetin-3,4‟-di-O-glucoside (non-detected in FI), eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside (+64% in RDI and +95% in

SDI), and procyanidin A2 (+59% in RDI and -59% in SDIAF). Olive fruits from DIS treatments also showed higher fat

content (22, 29 and 24 % in RDI, SDI and SDIAF, respectively). Fruits from RDI and SDI presented lower palmitoleic

and linolenic acids, while no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated

and polyunsaturated fatty acids. When subject to a puncture test in a texture analyser, all DIS fruits presented higher

peel break force than FI control. This work show that DIS are essential for sustainable olive growing, as they do not

compromise the competitiveness of the sector in terms of olive production and associated quality parameters.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity, climate change, Olea europaea, sustainability, water management.

Acknowledgements: This work was funded by the INTERACT project – “Integrative Research in Environment, Agro-

Chains and Technology”, no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, in its line of research entitled ISAC, co-financed by

the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program

2014/2020).

10

(Oral Presentation)

USER PARTICIPATION IN URBAN PARK DESIGN PROCESS

Serpil ÖNDER

1, Ahmet AKAY

2*

1,2,Selçuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Landscape Architecture, 42100 Konya/Turkey

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract

Population increase in urban areas is among the negative consequences of urbanization is one of the serious problems

of our era. As population increases, the rate of structuring also increases, hence the amount of green areas is gradually

decreasing. Urban green spaces come into prominence when considering the urban people's need for green spaces.

When the planning and design processes of these areas have a lot of ecological, psychological and functional features

are examined, it is seen that the urban people in the position of the user are not sufficiently involved in the process. At

this point, local governments, which are decision makers in the urban park design process, have important tasks. The

elimination of the barriers between the designers and the users is crucial to the success of the process. The user's

demands and requirements for urban space would be combined with expert opinions and provide the creation of more

user-friendly and more sustainable urban parks. This situation would also increase awareness of the community and

environmental responsibility. In this research, studies related to participatory design process were examined and

suggestions were developed on how local governments as urban decision-makers could operate the user participatory

design process.

Key words: Community participation, local government, participatory landscaping, urban park

11

(Oral Presentation)

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PARKS

Ahmet Tuğrul POLAT

1*, Esra SĠVRĠ

2

1,2Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Landscape Architecture, 42130 Selcuklu, Konya/Turkey


Abstract

In a developing and changing world, the individual has been struggling with some sources of stress in daily life.

Advancing technology and living conditions seem to like making people's work easier, but they make people more

inactive day by day. In parallel with this, in the developing society, the need for the phenomenon of movement, which is

the incontestable right of the people, has been increased. Because of the many ailments caused by inactivity, the human

being is affected negatively by physical, psychological and social. Regular physical activity provides the elimination of

these problems. It also allows people to live a healthy and happy life physically and spiritually from childhood to old

age. To be healthy and vigorous, physical activity is as important as eating, drinking and sleeping. The largest urban

areas that provide an opportunity for physical activity are undoubtedly parks. It provides places for individuals to walk

or run, and has special facilities for most sports, exercise and other powerful activities. Due to its appeal to people of

all ages, areas suitable for physical activity in parks are also positively affecting people socially. The aim of this study

is to reveal the relationships between the physical activities in parks and the places where these physical activities are

carried out and to minimize the negative effects of sedentary life. In addition, the effects of physical activity on quality

of life and the contribution of parks to physical activity are explained.

Key words: Health, park, physical Activity, eecreation, quality of life.


12

(Oral Presentation)

TRENDS IN POMEGRANATE SECTOR: PRODUCTION, POSTHARVEST HANDLING

AND MARKETING

Ġbrahim KAHRAMANOĞLU

1

1European University of Lefke, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Lefke, 99780, Northern Cyprus, via

Mersin 10 Turkey


Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) tree was one of the first cultivated crops in the world and is being produced in

many regions of the earth for many years. However, its consumption was very low mainly due to the hassle of extracting

the arils for eating. Studies after 21th century reported superior pharmacological and therapeutic properties for

pomegranate. Results of these studies caused a considerable increase in the consumption and this caused an increase in

demand which required increase in the production to meet the demand. The need for increasing the production has led

new studies about the challenges affecting production, postharvest handling and marketing of pomegranate fruits. This

review aimed to discuss recent studies and technologies about pomegranate production.

Key words: pest management, fruit cracking, physiological disorders, chilling injury, postharvest storage

13

(Oral Presentation)

EFFECT OF CERTIFICATION ON TIMBER SALE PRICES*

Tuğba DENĠZ

1*, Emrah ÖZDEMĠR

2

1Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Economics, 34473 Istanbul/Turkey

2Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Yield and Biometry, 34473 Istanbul/Turkey


Abstract

Certification contributes positively to sustainable forest management. Certification applications in forestry aim to

improve economical, ecological and social sustainability of production process. These applications also give consumers

the assurance that applications are designed to meet the ecological and social standards in forest products. In recent

years, the importance of the certification applications increased with an increasing demand for certified forest

products. As a result of these increases, expectations and demand levels of society related to conservation and

sustainable management of forests, policies and strategies have been formed in various plans and programs to develop

and extend certification in forestry sector in Turkey. General Directorate of Forestry (GDF) has determined concrete

goals for certification in its plans.

The largest certification bodies for forest management and forest products are Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and

Pan European Forest Certification (PEFC) in global scale. Turkey is carrying out certification for forest management

and forest products according to the FSC standards. FSC is a certification system which aims forests all over the world

to be managed in the most appropriate way and which promotes these applications internationally.

In this study, Fethiye Forest Management Directorate which has FSC Certification was selected as a study area. The

data based on timber sales in the directorate including Pinus brutia (red pine) was used. The trends in timber sale

prices formed in auction sales in uncertified period (2008 - 2012) and certified period (2013 - 2017) were analyzed

using Chow Test. Chow test is used to compare the regression equations for different periods with the same variables.

Chow test is an application of F-test. Therefore, it is determined with Chow test that whether there is a difference

between the residual sum of squares of the predicted model for the entire observation and the residuals sum of squares

of the estimated model for the sub-samples.

In this study, linear regression models were formed to estimate the timber sale prices according to independent

variables such as timber length, estimated prices, demand - supply levels and months‟ effect for certified and uncertified

periods observation and the entire observation, separately. After that, Chow test was used to compare the timber sale

prices on certified and uncertified periods. The value of Ftest was calculated as a 4.837 by using the residuals sum of

squares of linear regression models. This value is bigger than Fcritic (2.105). It means that the resulting sale prices in

both periods are different from each other. As a consequence, it has been seen that certification has an effect on

increasing the timber sale prices.

Key words: Certification, chow test, Fethiye Forest Management Directorate, timber sale prices, Turkey

*This work was supported by TÜBİTAK; project number is TOVAG-117O902

14

(Oral Presentation)

THE USING OF SOME PLANTS IN THE HITTITE RITUALS

Murat TURGUT

1

1Research Assistant Dr. Selcuk University Faculty of Letters History/Ancient History Department. Konya/Turkey


Abstract

Hittites is a society, Indo Europan origin and lived in Anatolia since B. C. second millenium. Hittites had polytheistic

religion. They set rituals for a deities in their religious life. They used numereous objects in their religious rituals.

When the Hittites set religious rituals, they used to plants. Some plants were used as a offerings object to the their gods

by the Hittites. Also some plants were used different aims depart from as a offering object. GIŠ

MA and GIŠ

PES (Fig),

gangati-, AN.TAH.ŠUMŠAR

, kunkuma-, GIŠ

GEŠTIN KARĀN (grape), GIŠ

leti, GIŠ

hahhal, GIŠ

hurnai, GIŠ

şamama,

GIŠkallaktar,

GIŠuhuruš, wardulli, plants were used by the Hittites in their rituals. In this paper, we will examine which

plants were used and it‟s using aims in the ritual of Hittites according to Hittites cuneiform texts and their

archaeological remains.

Key words: Herbs, Phyto, Plants, Hittites, Ancient Herbs.

15

(Oral Presentation)

ENERGY INPUTS, GREENHOUSE STRUCTURES AND CROP YIELD RELATIONSHIP

IN GREENHOUSE PEPPER PRODUCTION

Burhan OZKAN

1 , Eda ILBASMIS

1*, Rahmiye Figen CEYLAN

1

1Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics

*Corresponding Author, PhD student, e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Agricultural input requirements and use density vary for different structural instalments. When greenhouse production,

with high value-added and export advantages, is considered the structural differences result in more variation in energy

and input use. The aim of this study to compare and evaluate energy requirements and input use differentials for glass

and plastic houses for Kumluca town of Antalya. Kumluca is well known with widespread greenhouse production,

which enables overcoming climatic distractors and high agricultural value added. The data used in this study were

based on cross-sectional data collected from greenhouse operators by using a face to face survey. The Cobb-Douglas

production function was developed to estimate the impact of energy inputs on yield and determine the differences and

contribute in investment decisions of greenhouse producers.

Key words: greenhouse, energy, pepper, production, Turkey


16

(Oral Presentation)

A FRAMEWORK OF EXPORT SUPPLY CHAIN FOR

FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Eda ILBASMIS

1*, Burhan OZKAN

1


*Corresponding Author, PhD Student, e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The main objective of the study is to develop export supply chain model for producer-exporter relationships in fresh

fruits and vegetables industry in Antalya. For this aim, three major exportable crops (tomato, fresh pepper and orange)

representing fresh fruits and vegetables sector were selected and new supply chain model was developed for these

crops. The primary data used in the study collected from producers and exporters by using a face to face survey in 2017

production year. In the scope of the study, re-modelling of supply chain was developed for selected crops via case study

analysis as a qualitative analysis method (with 10 cases for each crop). Network theory was utilised for re-modelling of

the supply chain. In addition, the current problems of producer-exporter supply chain were determined for each crop

and suggestions were developed in order to cope with these problems. It is expected that the findings of this study will

contribute ahead of producers and exporters in Antalya, to all actors involved in the supply chain fresh fruits and

vegetables.

Key words: fresh fruits and vegetables, Antalya, producer, exporter, supply chain, network analysis


17

(Oral Presentation)

TRACEABILITY IN FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES EXPORTS: CASE OF

ANTALYA/TURKEY

Burhan OZKAN

1, Eda ILBASMIS

1*, Rahmiye Figen CEYLAN

1



Abstract

Traceability of agricultural consumables is important for human health and food safety. Labelling is the most

significant application for tracing exportable Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (FFVs) in Turkey. With labelling, it becomes

possible to follow up the process with regards to producer, method of production and all the path until the product

reaches the final consumer. With this ease, it also becomes possible to cope with any problem encountered during the

journey of product from producer to consumer and develop alternative solutions for different problems. Accordingly,

importers have the opportunity to grant food safety in their trade and securing imported food supplies. With this study,

it was aimed to undermine the factors affecting traceability of FFVs exported in Antalya, Turkey. Antalya is the most

prominent agricultural producer and exporter province of Turkey. The data retrieved from 120 tomato, fresh pepper

and pomegranate exporter firms, those who have trade contracts with the EU countries, via face to face survey. The

survey data will be analysed econometrically, with the methodology that will be decided upon due to data

characteristics, to undermine the effective factors. The main drivers of traceability of exportable FFVs will be analysed

in the scope of the variation in tracing methods and problems encountered during the process. In addition, the legal

base of traceability in Turkey will be assessed shortly to estimate the future application requirements for exports of

FFVs.

Key words: fresh fruit and vegetables, exporter, Turkey, traceability, food security


18

(Oral Presentation)

INVESTIGATION OF THE SOCIO ECONOMIC STRUCTURES OF SOILLESS

GREENHOUSES PRODUCING TOMATOES IN THE ANTALYA

Eda ILBASMIS

1*, Burhan OZKAN

1



Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to reveal the socio-economic structure of the enterprises which produce tomatoes in

soilless greenhouses in Antalya. In this study, the legal structure of the enterprises, gender of the enterprises,

educational status, greenhouse cultivation and soilless greenhouse experience period were examined comparatively.

The data used within the scope of the study were obtained from 42 enterprises which produce tomatoes in soilless

greenhouses in Antalya during 2010-2011 production period by face-to-face survey method. According to the research

results; The majority of the enterprises examined (61.8%) are limited liability companies and 90.5% of the operators

are male and approximately half (45.2%) are undergraduate.

Key words: Antalya, tomatoes, greenhouse, soilless culture


19

(Oral Presentation)

DETERMINATION OF EFFECTS OF FERTILIZATION ON VEGETATIVE AND

GENERATIVE PROPERTIES IN OLIVE GROWING

Cansu DOLEK GENCER

1*, Volkan OKATAN

2

1Cukurova University, Kozan Vocational School, 01500 Kozan, Adana/Turkey

2Usak University, Sivaslı Vocational School, 64800, Usak/Turkey


Abstract

Nitrogen is a nutrient that culture crops need a lot. Nitrogen is important for the development of fruit eyes in olives,

fruit attitude and development of shoots. Nitrogen, which is deposited on the leaves during the development period, is

mobilized to woody textures and adjacent fruit eye before the leaf dump. In plants like evergreen olive, the situation is

different. Nitrogenous compounds are stored in leaves, because the life cycle of the leaves lasts more than one year. It is

stated that, in the olive business, fertilization done in the empty or full year and the amount of N applied in these years

can affect the yield significantly. In this context, it is shown that supplemental N fertilization during the low yield year

promotes shoot growth and increased yield probability in the following year, In contrast, insufficient nitrogen

fertilization in the year of the product also decreased the potential for developing exile in the next empty year and it is

reported that the yield of the product year may be affected.

The capacity of the plant to produce sufficient quantity and quality of farina is important in obtaining the product.

Macro and micro nutrients play an important role in the fruiting process .In this context, the importance of potassium

in the development of farina grass pipe is highlighted. Potassium is an important element in flowering and fruit

formation. Foliar application of KNO3 has a positive effect on yield in olive. On the other hand boron is considered to

be one of the important micronutrients due to its effect on plant growth. In fact, the effects of boron application on the

germination of farina and germination have been demonstrated. Leaf boron applications in olive cultivation are widely

used because of its efficiency on phenology, yield, oil quality, shoot growth, crown volume, fruit attitude and hence

efficiency. Product losses occur due to lack of nutrients in aquaculture in sandy soils. In the studies carried out in the

leaves of olive trees, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and boron deficiency were determined. The purpose of this study;

is to emphasize the importance of plant nutrition and fertilization in order to protect both soil properties and to

increase vegetative and generative development in olive cultivation.

Keywords: Fruit, olive, soil, fertilization, pollination


20

(Oral Presentation)

HEAVY METAL HAZARDS TO THE PLANT, ENVIRONMENT AND PEOPLE AND

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN

Cansu DOLEK GENCER1*, Volkan OKATAN

2

1Cukurova University, Kozan Vocational School, 01500 Kozan, Adana/Turkey

2Usak University, Sivaslı Vocational School, 64800, Usak/Turkey


Abstract

Nowadays, heavy metals that have become widespread in ecosystems such as soil, water and air have become actually

an important environmental problem threatening the life of all organisms on Earth. Aluminum, vanadium, arsenic,

mercury, lead, cadmium and selenium are toxic. Due to their toxic effects heavy metals cause deterioration of many

physiological events in plants such as transpiration, stoma movements, water uptake, photosynthesis, enzyme activity,

germination, protein synthesis, hormonal balance. Therefore, measures should be taken like; leaving the pollutant as it

is, prohibiting the use of that area, immobilizing the pollutant in the region and keeping the area under control,

keeping control of the transition to other areas, removing contaminated soil in a special disposal area, cleaning the

soil in or outside the region and using pesticides more carefully.

Heavy metals cause significant disturbances in human health. These are, DNA damage, oxidative protein degradation,

mitochondrial damage, autoimmune diseases (ulcerative colitis, rheumatism, etc.) organic diseases (kidney disease,

allergy, eczema, asthma, etc.) and neurological disorders (depression, migraine, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease).

As a result; with this research it is planned to increase the level of consciousness by discussing the damages of heavy

metals to soil, plants, environment and human being. In this study; the information on; the activities causing the

accumulation of heavy metals, the damage caused to the plants and people and how it can be prevented are aimed to be

given. This study is thought to shed light on other related researches.

Keywords: Plant, Heavy Metal, soil, fruit, toxic


21

(Oral Presentation)

COMPARATIVE EXPORT POTENTIAL OF TURKISH PISTACHIO

Erdal KARACAN

1, Rahmiye Figen CEYLAN

2*

1MSc student, Akdeniz University, Institute of Sciences, Department of Agricultural Economics, Antalya/Turkey

2 Dr., Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Antalya/Turkey


Abstract

Turkey ranks the third in pistachio production following the United States and Iran Islamic Republic due to2016 FAO

data. Despite production facts, export value accrued for Turkey is considerably low for Turkey with 66 million Dollars

in contrast to almost 1 billion Dollars of the USA and 686 million Dollars of Iran. Turkey ranks the eight in terms of

exports and this export revenue falls behind the amount of land utilised and amount of pistachio produced. Accordingly,

it is aimed to analyse Turkey‟s pistachio exports in comparison with that of the USA and Iran with utilisation of panel

gravity model. As the results of analysis, it is expected to retrieve potential policy suggestions for Turkey considering

the global, economic and political conditions.

Key words: pistachio, exports, Turkey, the USA, Iran, gravity model

22

(Oral Presentation)

IMPACT OF SUPPORTING SYSTEM IN VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: A CASE OF

ANTALYA, TURKEY

Rahmiye Figen CEYLAN

1, Burhan OZKAN

1, Cengiz SAYIN

1, Metin Goksel AKPINAR

1

1Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Antalya/Turkey


Abstract

Turkey is abundant with agricultural endowments and has the opportunity to meet domestic and international needs.

Vegetative production of the Mediterranean region of Turkey should be acknowledged both in terms of the domestic

market and internationalisation of Turkish agriculture. As agricultural sustainability and rural development objectives

emphasized once more in the recent development plans, subsidies provided to the sector should be planned accurately.

In order to set forward sound policy proposals, it is essential to measure the concurrent impact of agricultural

subsidies provided to vegetable production in Antalya province of Turkey. The supporting system should be considered

within four titles. These are area-based supports, biological and biotechnical interventions, supports of Agricultural

and Rural Development Institution (ARDSI) and other agricultural supports referring to environmental sustainability.

Accordingly, it is intended to analyse effects of subsidisation system in price formation and production in Antalya via

utilisation of secondary data retrieved from Antalya provincial directorate of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

Nerlovian supply response approach will be used to detect the potential effects of different support tools and propose

modifications in the policy tools. The elaborated time will differ with respect to data reach.

Key words: vegetable production, subsidies, supports, supply response, Nerlove, Antalya

23

(Oral Presentation)

WILD OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA L. SSP. OLEASTER) SELECTION IN AYVACIK

REGION

Mehmet HAKAN

1, Hakkı Zafer CAN

2

1Olive Research Institute, Universite Cd. No 43, 35100 Bornova/Izmir/Turkey

2Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, 35100 Bornova/Izmir/Turkey


Abstract

In this study; the area within the borders of Ayvacik district of Canakkale province was screened in detail and totally 33

different wild olive genotypes were selected and marked geographically. Fruit yield was used as first and the most

important criteria for this selection. Tree growth, crown shape, as well as leaf, fruit and kernel characteristics and oil

quantity and quality properties were determined among these selected genotypes.

Wild olive genotypes were found to be statistically quite different each other in terms of morphological and agronomic

parameters. Additionally, these genotypes were grouped in terms of their similarities and differences by cluster

analysis. Furthermore, as a result of the factor analysis, the factors that have the ability to represent the other

parameters were determined and some suggestions were made for further investigations in the light of the obtained

results.

Key words: Olive selection, wild olive, breeding, growing, quality.

24

(Oral Presentation)

SUSTAINABLE USE OF BRACKISH WATER FOR COTTON –WHEAT ROTATION


Ghulam Qadir1*

, Muhammad Sarfraz1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz

1, Khalil Ahmed

1, Amar Iqbal Saqib

1, Muhammad

Ilyas1, Zaheen Manzoor

1

1Soil Salinity Research Institute Pindi Bhattian Pakistan

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

The challenge of 21st century is to meet food, fuel and fiber requirement of increasing world population at sustainable

basis. In order to maintain this food security, importance of irrigated agriculture needs no emphasis. Drought

conditions, increasing demands of sweet water for agriculture and industrial sector has forced farming community to

pump more and more groundwater which is of marginal quality. This marginal quality water can be successfully used

to increase the agricultural productivity by preventing soil degradation if proper management practices are coupled

with suitable amendments. In this context a field study was carried out to manage the deleterious effects of brackish

water for sustainable production of cotton and wheat crops. The following treatments were tested i.e T1: Control

[Brackish Water (BW) ], T2: BW + Gypsum application @ 100% on the basis of RSC of water, T3: BW + H2SO4 @

50% application on the basis of RSC of water, T4: BW + Poultry manure @ 10 t. ha-1

, T5: BW+ Press mud @ 10 t. ha-1

.

A non-saline field with (ECe = 2.34 dS m-1

, pHs = 8.15 and SAR = 8.58 (mmol L-1

)1/2

was selected, leveled and

prepared. Experimental design was RCBD with three repeats. Cotton-wheat cropping system was followed. Brackish

water was used {EC = 1.17 dS m-1

, SAR = 6.75 (mmol L-1

)1/2

and RSC = 5.30 me L-1

} for irrigation. Data regarding

different physiological and yield parameters was recorded at maturity. Soil samples were collected after harvesting of

each crop. Pooled data analysis of two years showed that continuous use of brackish water significantly reduces the

yield of cotton and wheat crops. However negative effects of brackish water was counteracted by all applied

amendments and chemical amendments were more efficient in ameliorating the ill effects of brackish water. Maximum

seed cotton yield (2.50 t. ha-1

) for cotton and grain yield (4.32 t. ha-1

) for wheat was recorded in T2: BW + Gypsum

application @ 100% on the basis of RSC of water followed by T3: BW + H2SO4 @ 50% application on the basis of RSC

of water. Soil analysis data showed that pHs, ECe and SAR were considerably improved with all the applied organic

and inorganic amendments as compared to control.

Key word: cotton, wheat, gypsum, brackish water, poultry manure

25

(Oral Presentation)

DOES CLIMATE CHANGE PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN CROP CHOICE? A MICRO

LEVEL STUDY INTO SOUTHERN ZONE OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA

1Surendran ARUMUGAM* , K.R.ASHOK

2 , Burhan OZKAN

3 , Suren. N.KULSHRESHTHA

4,

Isaac VELLANGANY5 and Ramu GOVINDASAMY

5.

1 Dept of social science, Imayam Institute of Agriculture & Technology, TN, India.

2 Dept of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore-641 003, TN, India.

3Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Turkey.

4 Dept .of Bio-resource Policy, Business & Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.

5Dept of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Rutgers- NJ 08901-8520. USA.

*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected].

Abstract

Climate change pose a challenge to the world‟s agricultural and natural resource systems, which are already finding it

difficult to cope with the growing food demand driven by population growth and higher purchasing power in

developing countries. The challenge compounded by the uncertainty and pace of climate change and its regional

effects. It has been increasingly evident that climate change affects agricultural productivity. Changes in temperature

and precipitation will require farmers to adapt, but precisely where and how much is uncertain. In India 65 per cent of

agricultural area comes under rainfed farming and more than 60 per cent of the total population depends on

agriculture, which is the most vulnerable to climate change. An attempt made to analyze the factors that influence

farmers to adapt crop choice with respect to changed climate condition, by estimating a Multinomial Logit Model. The

primary data collected from the sample respondents during the months of January and February 2012. The results showed

that older farmers were more likely to choose sorghum, groundnut and less likely to choose maize, fruits and vegetables.

Education had positive and significant influence on growing sorghum groundnut and chilies. Owning of livestock

positively influence the probability of selection of sorghum and maize. The own prices of sorghum and groundnut are

significant and positive as expected. Farmers are more likely to choose these crops when the market prices are higher.

When non-farm income increases, farmers are most likely to prefer sorghum, cotton, maize and groundnut. When

temperature increases by 1oC, farmers tend to choose maize, cotton, fruits and vegetables less often while the farmer

chooses pulses, sorghum, chilli and groundnut more often. If precipitation increases by 1 cm, farmers move away from

sorghum, chilli, Groundnut to pulses, maize, cotton, fruits and vegetable. Hence, local government policies and

programs in agriculture should have a built in component to address the climate change issues.

Key words: Adaptation, Crop choice, Climate change, Impacts, Multinomial Logit, Southern Zone, Tamil Nadu


26

(Oral Presentation)

EXAMINATION OF HIGHWAY LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN MANAVGAT DISTRICT

DEMOCRACY BOULEVARD OF ANTALYA PROVINCE IN TERMS OF LANDSCAPE

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN CRITERIA


Sertaç GÜNGÖR1

1Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Landscape Architecture. Konya/Turkey


Abstract

Providing the convenience and safety of pedestrians, the main users of urban green areas, is the main task of local

authorities. The study area is located in Manavgat district of Antalya Democracy Boulevard, its length is about 1 km.

The boulevard is located in north - southwest position and the north side of the city is opened by Antalya Avenue and

the southwest part is connected to the Antalya - Alanya ring road. The length of the refuges in the research area varies.

The widths of the middle refuges are not compatible with each other. The width of 18 m in the widest part decreases to

2 meters. The middle refuges area of planting in the research area, including the middle refuges parts extending at the

intersections and the navel, is approximately 4070 m2. Plant species used in the treatment of Cycas revoluta,

Washingtonia sp., Ficus nitida, Pittosporum tobira ‟nana‟, Tradescantia zebrina, Dahlia sp., Russelia sp., Tagetes sp.

In this study, the current situation of the boulevard was examined in terms of landscape design criteria and some

suggestions were made by trying to determine the improvement works that should be done by public authorities.

Key words: Pedestrian, Sidewalk, Landscape design, Boulevard, Antalya/Turkey

27

(Oral Presentation)

MONITORING WORK THE NITRATE POLLUTION OF GROUNDWATER AND

SURFACE WATERS IN ANKARA PROVINCE

Tülay TUNÇAY

Soil Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Instıtute, Yenimahalle/ ANKARA


Abstract

On the way to prepare the accession to European Union, environment is regarded as one of the most important topics

in Turkey. The Council Directive 91/676/EEC on the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrate from

agricultural sources was entered into force for the EU members in 1991. In the context of adopting and implementing

this Directive, the Regulation on protection of the water against nitrate pollution caused by agricultural resources was

put into force in Turkey in 18 February 2004. In this framework, applying GAP (Common Agricultural Policy) code/s in

the determined sensitive areas, one of the aims was to improve water and soil quality as well as to prevent water and

soil pollution caused by nitrates. Within the framework of the nitrate directive, various studies are carried out in the

Directorate of Agricultural Environment and Natural Resources Presidency in General Directorate of Agricultural

Reform in Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in order to protect against pollution from surface and underground

agricultural origin. Nitrate monitoring studies in Turkey are ongoing at around 3107 points per month (including river,

groundwater and lake) throughout the country in 2016. In this context, Ankara Province in 2008 (15 locations), in 2009

(15 locations), in 2010 (15 locations), in 2011 (15 locations), in 2012 (17 locations), 2013 (18 locations), 2014 (31

locations), 2015 (62 locations), water analysis results only in 2015 were obtained. According to the nitrate analysis

results of the water samples taken in 2015, values were found to be lesser than 50 mg / L for critical nitrate pollution.

Turkish river basins have an impact on establishment of rational water management plans. Moreover, Action Plans and

Codes for Good Agricultural Practices have to be established, soon after the designation of the NVZs (Nitrate

Vulnerable Zones).

Key words: nitrate, soil pollution, nitrate directive

Acknowledgements

I would like to acknowledge suppling database and support from Directorate of Agricultural Environment and Natural

Resources Presidency in Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

28

(Oral Presentation)

EVALUATION OF PLANT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY


M.Nisa MENCET YELBOGA1, Cengiz SAYIN

1, F.Dilek ERYIGIT

2

1Akdeniz University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Economics, Antalya/Turkey

2Ms. Student at Science Science Institute, Department of Agricultural Economics, Antalya/Turkey


Abstract

Providing waste management in a proper way and waste controlling are very important issues in developed countries

for the 21st century. There are studies about recycling of agricultural wastes by eco-friendly methods, about being

used as organic matter sources and substrates, and about the benefits of recycled wastes to the environment,

economy and human health. Quantity of total wastes has increased in Turkey by 57% from 1994 to 2014. Most of

these wastes are burned or sent to municipality garbage and not provided disposable for recycling. Only 1% of

wastes are send to compost facilities. Evaluation of plant based wastes with suitable techniques has economical and

ecological importance. In this study, the economic benefits with the disposal of these wastes will be investigated by

examining the disposal methods of agricultural wastes. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods used in

the conversion of plant wastes will be determined. The contribution of the recycling of agricultural wastes to the

economy will be examined as well. Besides, the cost of recycling will be estimated and the market price comparison of

the recycled products will be made. Furthermore, the factors affecting the possibilities of usage of plant based

wastes in Turkey will be determined by regression analysis and policy proposals will be discussed.

Key words: Waste, agricultural policy, recycling

29

(Oral Presentation)

AREAS OF NATURE CONSERVATION PROTECTED IN THE VARIOUS STATUS IN

CITY OF ERZINCAN

Metin DEMĠR

1, Sertaç GÜNGÖR

2, Ahmet Mesut CANER

1

1Atatürk University, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Erzurum, 25080, Erzurum/Turkey

2 Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, 42250, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey


Abstract

For more than a century, several countries have established conservation areas with various conservation statues to

protect their natural beauties and biological richness. Erzincan region, which is the subject of the study, has a

privileged location in Turkey with the natural landscape, rich flora and fauna, fascinating topographical structure.

Many areas in Ezincan are being protected owing to their ecological.

In this study, it is aimed to give information about the current state of protected areas and the conservation status in

the city of Erzincan. In this study, survey, data collection and analysis are used as method. In Erzincan Province, there

are one naturel monument, one Wildlife Development Area, 18 governmental hunting grounds, 7 general hunting‟s and

one wetland (RAMSAR) in protected situated. Total areal size of protected areas is equal to 0,52% of areal size of

Erzincan. Additionally, some topics thought to be important for natural protection areas a in Turkey tried to be

expressed

Key words: Erzincan, Areas of Nature Conservation, Conservation status, Wetlands

30

(Oral Presentation)

INCREASING AGROECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY:

MALVA SILVESTRIS AS A NOVEL CROP FOR HUMAN FOOD

Eliezer SAPIR

1, 2, Yehoshua SARANGA

2, Oren SHELEF

1*

1Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel

2The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, Rehovot, Israel

*Corresponding author [email protected]

Abstract

Local wild plants are often used as a complementary food source for indigenous societies around the globe. However,

because serious challenges prevent the domestication of such plants, only a handful of new crops have been

domesticated for commercial use in the last decades. Malva silvestris is a ruderal, nitrophile plant that commonly

dominates field margin vegetation in Mediterranean agroecosystems. M. silvestris have an important role in the local

cuisine in Israel. The green leaves are traditionally harvested and eaten fresh, boiled or fried. The goal of this project is

to test the potential of M. silvestris as a crop for human food. We hypothesize that the nutritional values of the M.

silvestris leaves, as well as biomass production, is comparable to other green leaves, such as spinach. Spinach is

available commercially, and M. silvestris is consumed in similar fashion. To test our hypothesis we will compare

nutritional values of wild M. silvestris leaves to the nutritional values of spinach, in terms of crude protein, amino acid

profile, chlorophyll, Vitamin K, Vitamin A., total N, P, K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Na. We will also test potential

anti-nutrients - Nitrates, and oxalic acid. We will present and discuss Initial results of the nutritional value analysis.

Subsequently, we will examine agronomic aspects of M. silvestris cultivation. As a wild plant, M. silvestris is

anticipated to have dormant seeds, hence the first agronomic aspect we plan to test is the propagation barrier. We will

test what are the conditions for seed sprouting temperature, and dormancy removal techniques. Finally, we will grow

the plants in a common garden experiment to test the plausibility of growing green leaves of M. silvestris for

commercial use. The use of native plants for agriculture is expected to increase biodiversity of agroecosystems, and

reduce agricultural inputs. Native plants, and local food production, can reduce food millage and promote food

diversity, maintenance of agroecosystem biodiversity and agricultural resilience.

Key words: agroecosystem diversity, agronomic barriers, Malva Silvestris, nutritional value, spinach.


31

(Oral Presentation)

COAT PROTEĠN VARIABILITY of Apple mosaic virus ISOLATES FROM DIFFERENT

PLANT HOSTS

Filiz ERTUNC*, Didem Canik OREL

Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, 06110, Ankara, Turkey

*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Apple mosaic virus, apathogen of stone and pome fruits and hazelnut worldwide, shows great variability in its

biological, serological and molecular properties. Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) variants were collkected from hazelnut

plantations located in Black Sea region of Turkey and the apple isolates were collected from main apple cultivation

areas. The infection was present on different local hazelnut varieties but the infection was only detected on Granny

Smith apple variety in Turkey. The Rubus plantations surrounding the orchards were also infected with ApMV. The coat

protein sequences of fifteen ApMV variants from different hazelnut varieties and the „Granny Smith‟ apple variety were

obtained in Turkey. The phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the Turkish isolates and of additional sequences of

other ApMV variants from the NCBI database indicates the existence of different ApMV groups in the world. The

sequences obtained from hazelnut revealed slightly different nucleic acid and amino acid composition compared to the

sequences obtained from apples in Turkey and from the different locations in the world. Since the Granny Smith is

originated from abroad, the infection might be imported by the infected plant material to Turkey.

Key words: Apple mosaic virus, apple, hazelnut, coat protein variability

32

(Oral Presentation)

VIRUS DISEASES OF LETTUCE in ANKARA PROVINCE

Filiz ERTUNC and Filiz RANDA ZELYUT

Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection 06110 Ankara, Turkey


Abstract

Lettuce is one of the widely grown vegetable in Ankara province of Turkey. The surveys were conducted to five different

districts of Ankara during two years, 2014-2015 and a total of 220 samples were collected in 2014 and 324 samples in

2015, and all were tested with the DAS-ELISA against Mirafiori lettuce big vein virus (MiLBVV), Lettuce mosaic virus

(LMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSVW) antisera. LMV was the predominant and

unique infection detected in 2014 and was present in the 65 of the specimen collected. According to the results of DAS-

ELISA tests of the samples collected in 2015, 39 MiLBVV, 25 LMV infected isolates were detected but TSWV and CMV

were not present in the research area. RT-PCR tests were performed to determine the coat protein gene regions of the

present viruses. Amplicons were obtained at 800 bp, 469 bp and 296 bp of LMV, MiLBVV and LBVaV, respectively.

However, Lettuce big vein-associated virus (LBVaV) were present in the 5 out of a total of 6 samples, as mixed infected

with MiLBVV. Microscopic observations were performed to determine the presence of Olpidium spp. in the roots which

is the vector of the viruses belong to Lettuce Big Vein diseases (LBV), resting spores were observed in 146 of the

investigated root samples. These results indicate that LMV and LBV diseases causing viruses are the most common

endemic viral pathogens in Ankara's lettuce cultivation areas and the vector Olpidium spp. was also present in the

survey area.

Key Words: Ankara, lettuce viruses, DAS-ELISA, Olpidium spp.

33

(Oral Presentation)

UTILISATION OF FIG SEED FLOUR IN COOKIE PRODUCTION

Hülya GÜL*, ġeyma ULUTÜRK

Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Isparta/ Turkey


Abstract

This study was aimed to develop cookies with fig seed flour (FSF) and to determine their chemical (ash, moisture, water

activity, pH, total dietary fibre, protein and fat), physical, (diameter, thickness, spread ratio and colour), textural

(hardness and fracturability) and sensory parameters. Wheat flour was replaced with the fig seed flour (FSF) at 10%

20% and 30% levels in cookie formulation. Cookies prepared without FSF was taken as control. FSF usage was

increased protein and ash content of cookies while it was provided a considerable increment in total dietary fibre

content (from 1.93% to 11.06% at 30% usage level of FSF). Increase at the diameter and spread ratio of cookies were

observed and they were showed lower instrumental hardness by adding 10, 15 and 30% FSF (4362.3 kg to 3328.7 kg)

when compared to control cookie (6394.8 kg). Usage of FSF was led to cookies become darker and redder. On the

other hand their yellowness value was decreased in proportion to rising FSF level. The developed cookies were found a

high potential for acceptance and commercialization. It is noteworthy that as the level of FSF in cookie formulations

increased, purchasing score was also increased. It was concluded that the use of FSF in cookie production will be

improve dietary fibre, protein and mineral content, without affecting their technological quality or sensory acceptance.

Key words: Cookies, dietary fibre, fig seed, sensory acceptance.


34

(Oral Presentation)

THE CHANGE OF THE PRODUCTION AND PRODUCERS’ PRICE OF DRY-ONION IN

THE WORLD AND TURKEY

Bekir Sıtkı ġĠRĠKÇĠ

1 , Mevlüt GÜL

1Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Technology, Department of Agricultural

Economics, 32100 Isparta/Turkey


Abstract

In this study, the changes in the world‟s and Turkish dry onion production and prices were discussed. The data used in

this study were gathered from FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation) and TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Service) for

the 1980-2017 periods. The production of dry onion has increased 4.37 times, due to an expansion of harvested area

and yield over the period in the world. Turkey is ranked 7th of the world‟s dry onion production. The dry onion's trade

has seen significant development in the world. Thus, dry onion's export quantity increased by 3.94 times, value by 6.73

times. Over the period, Turkey's dry onion production has increased 2.21 times due to the increase of the yield.

Turkey‟s production and export share has decreased in the world. Dry onion's producer price has very fluctuated in

Turkey. Marketing margin was also increased in 1991-2017 period. Especially the increased exchange rate increased

producers‟ price.

Key words: Dry onion, production, producers‟ price, Turkey

35

(Oral Presentation)

ANALYSIS OF RED PEPPER COST AND PROFITABILITY IN KAHRAMANMARAġ

PROVINCE

Bekir Sıtkı ġĠRĠKÇĠ

1*, Mevlüt GÜL




Abstract

In this study, it is focused on cost calculation in red pepper which is an important product in Kahramanmaras province.

Also, production costs and profitability development in red pepper were analysed. The data were obtained from the

Kahramanmaraş provincial directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The data set covered the period

2004-2018.

Gross profit, absolute (net) profit and relative profit for the developments in red pepper profitability were calculated.

The proportional shares of the product cost elements in the total cost were discussed. Thus, weights were determined in

total cost. Also, the changes in product production cost and profitability were analysed by simple index.

In the period considered, the most significant cost factors in the red pepper were the harvest cost and land tenure.

Production costs increased by 7% per term. Relative profit and absolute profit declined significantly compared to the

beginning of the period.

Key words: Red pepper, profit, cost, Kahramanmaraş

36

(Oral Presentation)

INCLUSION OF ROSA DAMASCENA MILL. POWDER IN TO COOKIES:

NUTRITIONAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS

Hülya GÜL, Semra Gül TEKELĠ



Abstract

This study was investigated the quality characteristics, dietary fibre and antioxidant properties of cookies supplemented

with 0-2.55-7.5-10% of Rosa damascena Mill. powder (RP). Antioxidant activity, total dietary fibre and total phenolic

contents increased linearly (p < 0.01) by raising the substitution levels of RP whereas water activity, total lipid, total

protein contents and fractublity remained almost constant. Cookies became darker and redder with the increasing rate

of RP. The use of RP was caused a negligible decrease on spread ratio. Considerable decrease (from 5004. 2 N to

4791.8 N for control and 10 % RP containing cookies, respectively) on the hardness of cookies was observed after the 5

% addition level of RP. The sensory analysis indicated that addition of up to 7.5 % RP given acceptable cookies without

affecting their technological quality compared with control cookies. Based on overall observations, RP addition to

cookies can enhance the nutritional status, especially dietary fibre, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity

without sacrificing consumer acceptability. It was concluded that RF could be added to the formulae to improve the

functionality of the cookies as well as other bakery products such as muffins, cakes, bread a few- of acceptable quality.

Key words: Antioxidant activity, cookie, dietary fibre, Rosa damascene, sensory acceptance.


37

(Oral Presentation)

IMPROVEMENT OF THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WHEAT FLOUR

DOUGHS CONTAINING VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF GRAPE SEED FLOUR BY

USING GLUCOSE OXIDASE

Hülya GÜL, Nahide ÖDEġ



Abstract

The purpose of this study was to improve the rheological parameters of the wheat flour dough substituted with grape

seed flours (GSF) by using glucose oxidase (GO). GSF was obtained by separating, drying and grinding of the seeds

from the grape pomace that is the by-product of the wine industry. Öküzgözü (red grape variety) seed flour (ÖSF) and

Narince (white grape variety) seed flour (NSF) was added at 0, 5, and 10% levels in replacement with bread wheat

flour. GO was added at 0, 50, and 100 ppm concentrations. The rheological properties of the dough, substituted with

ÖSF, NSF and GO were recorded in the texture analyser device by using Kieffer dough extensibility system and the

Dobraszczyk/Roberts (D/R) dough inflation system. The substitution of ÖSF and NSF was showed a significant

decreasing effect on the area (KArea) under Kieffer force-distance curve simultaneously with the increase of the

substitution level. Addition of 50 ppm GO into ÖSF doughs was led to a significant increase at both Kieffer maximum

extensibility (Kext) and KArea. (from 12.80 mm to 20.92 mm and from 164.57 g.s to 325.18 g.s respectively), while the

addition of 100 ppm GO was not had a similar improving effect. On the other hand, improving the effect of GO on NSF

containing doughs were found at the 100 ppm usage levels of GO by measuring with Kieffer dough extensibility system.

Extensional rheology of experimental doughs was under conditions of strain similar to those of baking expansion was

measured with the D/R dough inflation system. The substitution of ÖÇF or NSF had the significant effect (P<0.01) of

decreasing the tenacity (P, mm), extensibility (L, mm) and baking strength (W) simultaneously with the increase of the

substitution level. The advantage of using GO is evident in dough D/R inflation system values. With the addition of GO,

P, L and W values of the doughs increased significantly compared to the ones without GO. In particular, both P and W

values of 5% ÖÇF or NSF doughs gave similar results with the control sample by using 50 ppm GO. On the other hand,

it was found that the rheological properties of dough containing 10% NSF and 10% ÖSF could be partially improved in

the case of using 100 ppm GO. As a conclusion, by regarding Kieffer dough extensibility and the Dobraszczyk/Roberts

(D/R) dough inflation systems together; ÖSF or NSF at 5% levels can be added into bread formulations to benefit their

functional properties without impairing dough rheological properties much more. Furthermore, rheological properties

of their doughs can be improved by using 50 ppm GO.

Key words: Bread dough rheology, D/R dough inflation system, glucose oxidase, grape seed, Kieffer,


38

(Oral Presentation)

THE EFFECTS OF GRAPE SEED FLOUR AND GLUCOSE OXIDASE

SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE SOME QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BREAD

Hülya GÜL, Nahide ÖDEġ



Abstract

Grape seed flour, obtained from grape pomace, the by-product of the wine industry was supplemented into bread wheat

flour to determine its effect on bread characteristics. Bread was prepared using different levels (0, 5, and 10%) of

Öküzgözü (red grape variety) seed flour (ÖSF) and Narince (white grape variety) seed flour (NSF) replacement with

bread wheat flour. At the same time, different amounts (0, 50, 100 mg/kg) of glucose oxidase (GO) were added to each

formulation to improve bread properties. It was observed that addition of NSF or ÖSF showed an important effect in

physical and textural properties of wheat bread. Loaf volume, width, length and height values decreased accurately

depending on increasing ÖSF and NSF levels. The addition of GO, mainly when it was used at 100 mg/kg provided a

significant improvement in all these values. Brightness (L value) and yellowness (b value) of crumb and crust of bread

were gone down while redness (a value) went up as the ratio of NSF or ÖSF in the bread formulation were increased.

Usage of GO was made the bread brighter. It was determined that there was a significant increase in bread hardness by

the addition of NSF or ÖSF depend on the increase of percentage. When compared with control sample hardness of

bread were risen from 264.9 g to 1207.8 g and 1458.0 g by the addition of 10% of ÖSF or 10% NSF, respectively. 100

mg/kg of using GO was found to be to improve considerably bread firmness. Overall results indicate that the by-

products of the wine industry can be evaluated in bread making up to 5% level and the addition of GO can restore

quality characteristics of their bread.

Key words: Bread, grape pomace, grape seed, Narince, Öküzgözü, texture


39

(Oral Presentation)

MARKETING STRUCTURE OF APRICOT PRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF ITS

PROBLEMS: A CASE OF MUT DISTRICT IN MERSIN PROVINCE

Meltem ÖZEN

1, Mevlüt GÜL




Abstract

In this research, marketing structure and problems of apricot production at the level of producers and intermediaries in

Mut district, which is an important apricot production region in the angle of Mersin, were examined. Data was

obtained from 91 producers and 35 intermediaries in the region by face to face survey method. The data included the

2016 production period. The most used marketing channel in the region was “producer-commissioner-consumer".

Apricot marketing margin ranged from 11% to 100%. Inefficiencies of producer unions in the region and price

instabilities are the points to be developed for the improvement of apricot production.

Key words: Marketing margin, apricot, SWOT, channel, Mut

40

(Oral Presentation)

THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT USAGE ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC

INDICATORS OF APRICOT FARMERS: A CASE OF MUT DISTRICT IN TURKEY

Meltem ÖZEN

1, Mevlüt GÜL




Abstract

In this study, the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of apricot growing farmers who used

agriculture loan and non-use in the case of Mersin province Mut district was discussed. The stratified sampling

Neyman method was used to determine the sample farmer volume in the Mut district. The farmer number was

calculated to be 91 in the confidence interval with a 5% of the average, margin of error and 90%. Data from this

number of farmers was obtained by face-to-face survey method. The data set included the 2016 production period. The

rate of farmers who used credits in apricot production was 32.97%. Farmer age, farmer's level of education, household

size, experience in apricot cultivation, total farmland, apricot land, unit production cost of apricot, and apricot sale

price are higher in farmers who use credit. But apricot yield per unit area is also lower.

Key words: Apricot, agricultural credit, farmer, cost, Mut

41

(Oral Presentation)

MARKETING STRUCTURE OF GREENHOUSE CAPIA PEPPERS (CAPIA PIPERIS)

PRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF ITS PROBLEMS: THE CASE OF KAġ DISTRICT

OF ANTALYA PROVINCE

Sümeyye ÖZENÇ

1, Mevlüt GÜL

1




Abstract

This study was carried out in order to determine the marketing structure, problems and solution proposals of the

greenhouse production of capia pepper at the level of producers and intermediaries in Kaş, which is an important

location in the production of capia peppers in the province of Antalya. Data were collected from 77 producers, ten

intermediaries, five merchants and two exporters from the region. The data were from 2016 production period. Farmers

were the most important sales channel commissioners. Commissioners sell their goods to the merchant and the traders.

The marketing margin ranges from 22% to 25%. Issues such as farmer scales in the region, the ineffectiveness of

producer unions, and logistics are the points required for the development of capia pepper production.

Key words: Marketing margin, SWOT, capia pepper, Kaş

42

(Oral Presentation)

AN ASSESSMENT OF LIVESTOCK BREEDING AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN

TURKEY

Rahmiye Figen CEYLAN

1*, Çağrı BAYRAKTAR

2, Esra MÜLAZIMOĞULLARI

2, Duygu

BAYRAKTAR3

1Dr, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Antalya/Turkey

2MSc student, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Antalya/Turkey

3Accounting Director, Private Sector, Antalya/Turkey


Abstract

Human nutrition should be composed of a balanced daily intake of glutens, vitamins and proteins. While it is possible to

retrieve gluten and vitamins from different agricultural and food products, proteins can be retrieved only by intake of

animal based products. Accordingly, animal breeding including bovine and sheep breeding and poultry is important for

all countries to secure protein requirements of the people. With changing climatic conditions as well as declining

interest to maintain livestock breeding lands, the supply has been in declination recently which corresponded to rising

consumer prices in Turkey. Depending on this situation, Turkey has been facing import requirement of meat products

mainly. Yet, it is essential to consider the impact of changing production and breeding conditions and prices on the

supply of livestock production. Accordingly, with this study it is intended to measure the impact of price and non-price

factors, including financial fluctuations, affecting the changing supply within animal breeding and livestock products

for Turkey via utilisation of secondary data for different year ranges.

Key words: livestock breeding, livestock products, producer, supply response, Nerlove, Turkey

43

(Oral Presentation)

THE PROFITABILITY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CAPIA PEPPERS FARMERS IN

THE GREENHOUSE AREA: A CASE OF KAġ DISTRICT IN ANTALYA PROVINCE

Sümeyye ÖZENÇ

1, Mevlüt GÜL

1




Abstract

In this study, the socio-economic structure and profitability of the farmers producing capia pepper in Kaş district of

Antalya were investigated. In the district of Kaş, surveys were conducted with 77 capia pepper farmers with the face to

face. The data belongs to the 2016 production period. As a result of the research; in the production of capia pepper, the

relative profit was calculated as 1.56. However, 22.08% of the farmers had a negative profit. The most important

reason for this was the low productivity of the unit area, and sales price.

Key words: Capia pepper, profit, farmer, cost, Kaş

44

(Oral Presentation)

DYNAMICS OF CO2 FLUXES IN HEMIBOREAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS

Sille REBANE

1*, Kalev JÕGISTE

1, Andres KIVISTE, John A STANTURF

2,3, and Marek METSLAID

1,4

1 Chair of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life

Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia 2 Chair of Forest Management Planning and Wood Processing Technologies, Institute of Forestry and Rural

Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia 3 Center for Forest Disturbance Science, US Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens Georgia USA 30602

4 Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, PO Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway


Abstract

A huge area of Estonian hemiboreal forest is recovering from clear-cut harvesting. Clear-cut harvesting is a

method of forest management which significantly affect carbon (C) storage and C balance in forest ecosystems. Forest

stand carbon balance is reflecting net ecosystem exchange (NEE) between forest canopy and atmosphere, which is

measured with eddy covariance (EC) technique. EC method is the most accurate and reliable way to measure eddy

fluxes.

Study site, which is divided into two stands are located in south-east Estonia, Europe. Our measurements were

carried out between two different stages of stand development. Estimated C fluxes in a younger 6- and older 8-year-old

stands (YS08 and OS06), were acting as a light C sinks.

Both stands had a similar patterns of carbon exchange, showing negative NEE values throughout the period.

Measured study period (May-September) over stands showed that NEE for 2014 was -1.536 µmol m-2

s-1

. In June NEE

peaked up to -4.671 µmol m-2

s-1

. Other measured months (July, August and September) were averagely -2.254, -0.739

and -0.236, respectively. However measured mean CO2 concentration was 337.75 ppm and mean temperature was 15

degrees.

It is well know that immediately after stand-replacing disturbance forest stand will turn into a C-source and it

takes several years to become a C-sink. However there are different factors which affect forest ecosystem recovery

period from disturbance. Weather conditions are playing a key role in the differences in NEE results. NEE results are

also driven by early-growing-season temperature and length. Results indicate strong relationship between carbon

fluxes, stand age and climate conditions.

Keywords: Carbon fluxes, Forest ecosystems, Clear-cutting, Disturbance, Eddy covariance


45

(Oral Presentation)

HIDRIC EFFICIENCY IN SPECIES OF Eucalyptus spp. SUBMITTED TO WATER

STRESS

Marcio Carlos NAVROSKI

1*, Mariane de Oliveira PEREIRA

1, Dionéia FELIPPE

1, Jean

Alberto SAMPIETRO1,

Clenilso Sehnen MOTA2

1Department of Forest Engineer of the Santa Catarina State University - Udesc, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil

2 Federal Institute of Santa Catarina – IFC, Rio do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil


Abstract

With the increasing expansion of Eucalyptus species plantations to regions where rainfall is low, as observed in Brazil,

there is a need for research involving the use of water and the physiological efficiency of the different species used.

Thus, the objective of this study is to verify the photosynthetic rate in Eucalyptus species after being submitted to water

stress. Three different species were used, one with clonal and seedling plantings, which constituted the treatments,

being: Eucalyptus urograndis - hybrid (clonal and seedling), Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus benthamii. Seedlings of

approximately 30 cm were planted in polyethylene pots of 10 L capacity filled with soil from the region (Humic

Cambisol). After the planting, irrigation was carried out to the field capacity. After that, no further irrigation was done.

The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 8 replicates of one plant each. At 15, 30 and 45

days after the planting of the seedlings the water use efficiency (WUE) was evaluated, calculating by the division of A

(photosynthesis) by E (transpiration). The gas exchange evaluations were performed with the aid of a LI-6400XT

Portable Photosynthesis System, using in 4 replicates. Photosynthetically active radiation was provided by an artificial

light source (LI-6400-40), percentage of blue light used was 10% of the total photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).

The atmospheric CO2 concentration ranged from 390 to 400 μmol mol-1

during measurements. The same leaf of each

plant was used in all evaluations. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (5%) and the significant differences

were verified by Scott-Knott test. In the first evaluation (15 days), when there were no symptoms of water deficit, there

was no difference between the species in water use efficiency (WUE), obtaining a mean of 6.5 µmol CO2 µmol H2O-1

.

The Eucalyptus urograndis (clonal) with lower mean (8.2 µmol CO2 µmol H2O-1

) and Eucalyptus benthamii with the

highest mean (13.8 µmol CO2 µmol H2O-1

). At 45 days there was great variation among the species tested, while

Eucalyptus urograndis (clonal and seedling) presented WUE near 0 μmol µmol CO2 µmol H2O-1

, Eucalyptus benthamii

and Eucalyptus dunnii presented WUE near 12 µmol CO2 µmol H2O-1

. In general, there are large differences between

species in water use efficiency, especially when the symptoms of water stress are becoming more pronounced. The

species Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunnii seem to be more efficient in the use of water in relation to

Eucalyptus urograndis. This information may contribute to deciding which species will be planted in regions of low

rainfall.

Key words: Ecophysiology, tolerance, water deficit.

46

(Oral Presentation)

INITIAL GROWTH OF CLONES OF Sequoia sempervirens IN THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL

Mariane de Oliveira PEREIRA

1, Marcio Carlos NAVROSKI

1, Alessandro Camargo

ÂNGELO2, Luís Fernando DUARTE

1, Carolina MORAES

1

1Department of Forest Engineer of Santa Catarina State University - UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

2Department of Forest Engineer of Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.


Abstract

Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don.) Endl., popularly known as sequoia or redwood, is a species with valuable wood

properties, its wood has a reddish colour, easy workability and high natural durability. It has the potential for planting

in places outside its natural habitat, as shown by deployments in Chile and New Zealand. The successful

implementation of a species such as sequoia may represent a forest alternative for Brazil, especially for the southern

half, a place that presents climatic analogies with the place of origin of the species. Cloning of the species suggests

greater ease of genetic gain and the possibility of selecting specific clones for different sites. The objective of this

research was to test four clones of Sequoia sempervirens implanted in a region in Southern Brazil. The implantation

occurred in Arabutã (Cfa climate, average temperature 19.2ºC, and rare occurrence of frost), located in the State of

Santa Catarina – Brazil. The material of origin (cuttings) were obtained by means of the rescue of trees approximately

40 years old, located in São Francisco de Paula (RS - Brazil), propagation by cutting, assembly of a clonal mini-

garden, and finally production of cuttings by minicutting. Planted cuttings were around 30 cm in height and lap

diameter of more than 4 mm. Planting was done in pits approximately 25 cm deep, using 500 ml of hydrogel. The test

was carried out in December 2016, using four clones (A127, A138, A140 and A228) in linear plots of 8 plants and 20

replicates, totalizing 160 seedlings per clone tested. The planting spacing used was 3.0 x 3.0 meters. Ten days after

planting, fertilization with 150 grams of NPK (5-20-20) per plant was carried out. Twelve and twenty-four months after

implantation, survival (%), total height (cm) and stem diameter (mm) were evaluated. The data were submitted to

analysis of variance, and in a significant case, by the Scott-Knott test. For the survival (%) there was no difference

between the clones at 12 months, with a mean of 80%, ranging from 74% (A138) to 87% (A140). At the 24 months

evaluation, there was a considerable reduction in survival to 64%. There was a difference between the clones, with

clone A127 presenting lower average (48%), and the others with averages close to 65%. For the height and lap

diameter, there was no difference between the clones in any of the evaluated periods. The mean height observed at 12

months was 50 cm and at 24 months at 101 cm. Thus, an increase of more than 50 cm in height in one year. For the

stem diameter, averages of 7.5 and 16.4 were observed respectively at 12 and 24 months. In general, although there is

no difference between the clones in the growth, there is a good adaptation of the species and good initial growth,

showing potential for the South of Brazil.

Key words: Clonal test, clonal silviculture, redwood, field establishment.

47


ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA ROASTING OF COFFEE BEANS BY MEANS OF

A NOVEL GLOW PLASMA JET


Jan SCHÄFER, Uta SCHNABEL, Markus M. BECKER

Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany

Corresponding author email: E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Freshly roasted coffee beans are characterized by a strong aroma and the extracts prepared from such beans exhibit a

noble taste. The only way of roasting is based on thermal treatment of the beans and no alternative processing have

been considered up to now. However, alternative methods could broaden the spectrum of tastes and increase the

efficiency of roasting. We tested a unique plasma processing of raw coffee beans and compared the results with a

traditional thermal roasting. The applied plasma source was a capacitively coupled radiofrequency plasma jet operated

in argon at atmospheric pressure. The mean neutral gas temperature reached 170 °C in the process. This is about 100

°C lower than the temperature requested during thermal roasting. Despite the lower temperature, the excited species in

the plasma bond also other forms of energy, which can be effectively transferred to the beans. The geometry of the

plasma source allows a coaxial dosing of beans in the plasma column or a dynamic treatment in the plasma effluent.

The first crack during roasting of the beans has been reached in 30 s after insertion. The plasma modification of beans

was characterized by means of FTIR and scanning electron microscopy and compared with beans roasted traditionally

at a temperature of 270 °C. The sample used in the study was arabica coffee (Bonga, Ethiopie).

Key words: plasma jet, coffee roasting, surface modification, electron microscopy, FTIR


48

(Oral Presentation)

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF SOIL MOISTURE AND NDVI IN

IRAN


Ali A. Sabziparvar1*

, Elham Fakharizadehshirazi 1, 2

, Sahar Sodoudi 2

1Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali – Sina University, Hamedan 65174, Iran 2 Meteorology Institute, Earth Science Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 12165, Germany;

∗ Corresponding author: Ali Akbar Sabziparvar (E-mail: [email protected])

Abstract

The preservation and enhancement of vegetation can contribute to mitigating the desertification rate in arid regions.

Soil moisture is an important variable in plant transpiration processes and is a limiting factor for photosynthesis; hence

it plays a crucial role in vegetation growth in arid regions. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal variations of

the soil moisture and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Iran using time series remote sensing data

from 1988 to 2015. Modified Mann-Kendall method was applied for the detection of the trend of soil moisture and

NDVI. The results showed that the soil moisture and NDVI over approximately half of Iran are lower than 0.15m3/m

3

and 0.1 respectively. Regarding soil moisture trend analysis, 30% of the area showed significant trend, which 82% of

those were negative and 18 % positive. The strongest wet trends were found in North and West parts in November, and

the driest trends were mostly observed in Central and East parts. NDVI trend analysis illustrated that the Southeast and

North West got greener, and Central parts of the case study got browner. Using a homogeneity test, soil moisture trends

were consistent with the NDVI in 45% of areas.

Keywords: Soil moisture; European Space Agency (ESA); Mann- Kendall test; GIMMS NDVI.

http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/met/index.html

https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjR87S11Y7XAhUIPVAKHYevCncQFggnMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fu-berlin.de%2Fen%2Findex.html&usg=AOvVaw1RaY0pigi5aaYQ8t26_W4s


49

(Oral Presentation)

DETERMINATION OF TOMATO LEAFMINER (TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK)

(LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE)) POPULATION IN OPEN FIELD AND

GREENHOUSE TOMATO GROWING AREAS ON TURKISH REPUBLIC OF

NORTHERN CYPRUS

Murat HELVACI

1

1Dept. of Horticultural Production and Marketing, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, European

University of Lefke, Lefke, North Cyprus


Abstract

Tomato is very important vegetable crop of the world. It is consumed as fresh table tomato and as raw material for food

processing industries. The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is the most

destructive pest attacking tomato plant, Lycopersicon esculentum., The tomato leafminer was recorded in Crete

(Greece) for the first time in June 2009. Under heavy infestation yield loss in the range of 80-100% is common. During

this research, a total of 10 (ten) different tomato growing areas (5 open fields in Güzelyurt and 5 greenhouses in Girne)

have been visited. The 5 greenhouses are found in Girne region and related, distrinct villages [Tepebaşı 1(K1),

Tepebaşı 2 (K2), Çamlıbel (K7), Geçitköy 1(K9) and Geçitköy 2 (K10)] and 5 open field areas are found in Güzelyurt

region and related, distrinct villages [Yeşilırmak (K3), Çamlıköy (K5), Yeşilyurt (K6), Aydınköy (K11) and Yayla

(K13)]. 5 (five) pheromone traps were used for each village and for each area. To make this trap, it has been used a 62

cm x 19 cm plastic container by putting approximately 100 ml. olive oil in to prevent the catching of adult tomato

leafminer and a steel line over the top of the container. The pheromone traps were hang on that line as an attractant.

The olive oil which was found inside the plastic container was changed every week and adults were counted to

determine the population of tomato leafminer. The highest adult population of adult Tuta absoluta was recorded from

K9 plot and the second highest population was found in K10 plot in Girne region for greenhouses, which was occurring

in Geçitköy. The highest population of Tuta absoluta for open field was recorded from K13 plot which was occurring in

Yayla village and the second highest population was determined in K6 plot which was occurring in Yeşilyurt village for

Güzelyurt region. When all datas were evaluated, the population was recorded highest in K13 plot (Yayla village) for

open field and greenhouse tomato growing.

Key words: Greenhouse, open field, phremone, population, Tuta absoluta .

50

(Oral Presentation)

DETECTION OF CITRUS INFECTIOUS VARIEGATION VIRUS (CIVV=CVV), CITRUS

LEAF RUGOSE VIRUS (CLRV) AND CITRUS CHLOROTIC DWARF VIRUS (CCD) IN

CITRUS TREES FROM CYPRUS

Turgut ALAS

1

1Department of Horticultural Production and Marketing, European University of Lefke, Lefke / Northern Cyprus, via

Mersin 10 Turkey


Abstract

This study has been performed for the detection and determination of Citrus Infectious Variegation Virus (CIVV=CVV),

Citrus Leaf Rugose Virus (CLRV) and Citrus Cholorotic Dwarf Virus (CCD), which has not been studied before at the

molecular level in Cyprus. Therefore, this study focused on the molecular characterization of these viruses in citrus

plants in Cyprus. Surveys were conducted in various regions of Cyprus between 2013 and 2016. As a result, samples

were collected from 64 different citrus orchards, which showed CVV, CLRV and CCD symptoms, like chlorosis, leaf

wrinkled, asymmetrical leaves, yellow lesions and mosaic shaped spotswere selected for sampling. Reverse

Transcriptase – Polymerase Chain Reactions were performed in the thermal cycler using one pair of specific primer for

each virus. Polymerase Chain Reaction products were analyzed by electrophoresis in a 2 % agarose at 60 volts, for one

hour with TAE buffer. DNA was visualized by staining gel in ethidium bromide (0.5 μg/mL) and photographed under

UV light. After the molecular analysis, these viruses were not found positive and they were not infected in citrus plants.

Keywords: Citrus, RT - PCR, Molecular analysis, Virus, Cyprus

51

(Oral Presentation)

EFFECTS OF GA3 AND SEAWEED EXTRACT APPLICATIONS ON THE FLOWERING

OF ‘SWEET CHARLIE’ STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA X ANANASSA DUCH.)

Serhat Usanmaz

European University of Lefke, Faculty of agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Lefke, Northern

Cyprus, via Mersin 10 Turkey

Correspondance to: [email protected]

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study the effects of GA3 and seaweed extract (Algain: 45% Organic matter; 5% Alginic

acid 18% K2O; EC 36.7 dS m-1

; pH: 7.9-9.9) on the floral initiation and fruit bearing of „Sweet Charlie‟ strawberry

(Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Present work was conducted at a strawberry farm in Bağlıköy village located in the Lefke

region in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The June bearing „Sweet Charlie‟ cultivars were purchased from a

local agriculture enterprise and transferred into field on 9th of October 2018. Plants were planted with a distance of 50

cm between rows and 20 cm between plants. Production was performed under low tunnel. Studies were conducted with

following 10 treatments and experiments were laid out according to the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with

three replications. Each replication included 20 plants, but 10 median plants were selected for the elimination of the

any unknown side effects. The treatments are: 1) Control (without any application), 2) Gibberellic Acid (10 ppm), 3)

Gibberellic Acid (20 ppm), 4) Gibberellic Acid (30 ppm), 5) Algain (40g/ 100 L water), 6) Algain (60 g / 100 L water),

7) Algain (80 g / 100 L water), 8) 5 ppm GA3 + Algain (40 g / 100 L water), 9) 10 ppm GA3 + Algain (60 g / 100 L

water) and 10) 15 ppm GA3 + Algain (80 g / 100 L water). Collection of the flowering and fruit bearing data of the

experiments were started three days after the applications and continued for 35 days with 3-days intervals. Results of

present study showed that both doses of GA3 and Algain and also the interactions of these applications had a

significant effect on the flowering of strawberry crops. 20 ppm GA3 alone, 5 ppm GA3 + 40 g / 100 L Algain, and 10

ppm GA3 + 60 g / 100 L Algain applications were found to induce earliness and increase cumulative number of flowers

and fruits of „Sweet Charlie‟. Lower and higher doses of both GA3, Algain or combination found to have negative

effects on the flowering and number of fruits.

Key words: Strawberry, Earliness, Algain, Gibberellic Acid, Flowering


52

(Oral Presentation)

THE EVALUATION OF THE CONSUMERS' PREFERENCES ON APPLE

VARIETIES: A CASE OF ANTALYA PROVINCE

Ġlknur ESKĠMEZ

1*, Mevlüt GÜL

2, Dursun ÇETĠN

3

1Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture Sciences, 32100

Isparta/Turkey 2Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences and Technology, Department of Agricultural

Economics, 32100 Isparta/Turkey 3Engin Tarım Meyvecilik Gıda Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Şti., 70100 Akçaşehir, Karaman/Turkey


Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the apple varieties preferences and apple consumption of the households living

in the city center of Antalya. In this regard, consumers' decision to buy apples, purchasing frequency, supply channel

preference, consumption level, attitudes to chemical drug residues were examined. Data were collected from 300

households by face-to-face interviews. The data were cross-sectional data for the period February 2017. Consumers

were classified as low, medium low, medium high and high-income groups according to their income, and according to

these groups, other variables were interpreted by cross tabulation. Consumers' opinions and behaviours towards food

were scored by a five-point Likert scale.

Consumers gave importance such as being price, quality, appearance, diversity, taste, organic criteria in the purchase

of apples. Consumers' choice of apples differed in parallel with the income level. As income increased, consumers were

also more likely to know about apple varieties. It was observed that consumers generally know the traditional varieties

(Golden Delicious, Starking Delicious, Granny Smith, Amasya) and buy it. When the reasons for choosing apple

varieties were examined the taste of Golden and Starking varieties; brittleness and stiffness of Granny Smith and

Amasya variety were preferred regarding being watery. The most important criteria in buying apples were factors such

as price, appearance, quality, taste and flavour were at the forefront, and it was determined that the varieties came

after these factors.

The most preferred channel for the apple purchases was the street market. The most known and most consumed apple

varieties were classic varieties (Starking Delicious, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith and Amasya). Developments in the

production front, which can convince the consumer, especially for reliable food (such as organic, good agricultural

production), may increase the consumption of apples.

Key words: Apple, variety, consumption, preference, Antalya

53

(Oral Presentation)

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT LED INDUSTRIALIZATION IN ETHIOPIA:

STRUCTURAL BREAK ANALYSIS

Ahmed Kasim Dube1

and Prof.Dr. Burhan Özkan1*

1Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Antalya, Turkey


Abstract

The Ethiopian economy is heavily dependent on agriculture as the main source of employment, export foreign earning

and food security for a vast majority of its population. The peculiarity of the Ethiopian case lies in the fact that, unlike

other emerging African countries, the process of economic growth is driven mostly by public investments in

infrastructure and the improvement of productivity especially in the agricultural sector. In addition, like many other

developing countries in Ethiopia also, the fights to achieve food and nutritional security as well as prosperity for the

country will be won or lost in the agricultural sector. In this regard, in Ethiopia, agriculture is important because of

poverty and size. Consequently, government of Ethiopia to alleviate absolute poverty adopted the strategy called

Agricultural-Development Led Industrialization (ADLI) which highly emphasizes agriculture as the most important

driver of growth. Since 1993, the overarching strategic framework guiding Ethiopia’s development has been the ADLI

strategy. Even though, ADLI argues for a mutually re-enforcing transformation of agriculture and industry, the primary

goal of ADLI was to alleviate absolute poverty and bring progressively takeover of industry in the national GDP. This

is important as manufacturing sector is necessary to absorb the rapidly growing labor force by creating urban jobs. As a

result, the agriculture sector’s share of GDP is expected to decline and share of the other sector in GDP is expected to

rise. On the bases of this argument ADLI policy’s effectiveness in expanding the economic base of the industry will be

tested whether it had brought any significant structural break in the performance of the subsector. In this regard, Zivot-

Andrew and other test of structural break analysis will be applied to examine the structural break in Ethiopia economy.

Key words: ADLI, structural break, Zivot-Andrew, Ethiopia

54

(Oral Presentation)

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IMMERSION TIME WITH WATER-BASED LIQUID

SMOKE APPLICATIONS ON THE COLOR OF ANCHOVY FILLETS

Fikret ÇAKIR, Zayde AYVAZ*

Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey.


Abstract

Smoked foods are known as processed foods with high economic value. The reason why it is preferred by consumers is

the odor and taste that comes with smoke. Smoked products also have a longer shelf life through the phenols present in

the smoke composition. Smoked foods have a unique color due to the substances that occur during wood pyrolysis.

There are two kinds of traditional smoking methods; hot and cold smoking. Liquid smoke (LS) flavors are also used as

an alternative smoking method. These flavors are sold as a form of smoke in water. It can provide the fragrance, flavor,

and color of the smoked product. Color monitoring of smoked food is an important step to develop a value-added

product. The most recent and effective method used in color analysis is computer-based color analysis technology. In

this study, color and area (cm2) analyses of anchovy fillets treated with liquid smoke for the duration of different

immersion times (1, 2, 3 mins groups) were performed. The color parameters analyzed were L *, a *, b *, Chroma and

Whiteness values. These color parameters and area were analyzed when anchovy samples were raw, after brining, after

liquid smoking and after cooking. According to the color scheme (NBS) determined by the Inter-Society Color Council,

raw anchovy fillets were classified as purplish gray or medium gray. However, after liquid smoking, the color of the

anchovy fillets was classified as light grayish olive or dark grayish yellow. After cooking, the color category was

determined as „light greenish gray' for the control group, while liquid smoked groups were grayish reddish brown or

dark reddish gray. L* value of the smoked groups did not alter statistically until liquid smoking and cooking process

(p>0.05). L* value of the control group was determined as 70.28 upon cooking while L* value of liquid smoked groups

were 37.34, 32.33 and 30.90 for 1 minute, 2 minutes and 3 minutes groups, respectively. L* value of 1 and 2 min groups

were statistically different with anchovy samples of 3 min group after cooking (p<0.05). Whiteness value exhibited

similar changes regarding the L* values for all groups. a* values changed significantly after liquid smoking

application for 1, 2 and 3 min groups (p<0.05). a* values of anchovy samples for control group were -3.83 after

cooking while liquid smoked groups had a* values of 9.60, 7.10, and 6.51 for 1 minute, 2 minutes and 3 minutes groups,

respectively. 1 and 2 min groups showed similarity (p<0.05) whereas 3 minute group was statistically different among

all groups (p<0.05). b* value of smoked groups increased to high levels after smoking. However, the values

significantly decreased after cooking for all smoked groups (p<0.05). Chroma value showed similar changes as

regards the b* values for all groups. As expected, area of the samples was found statistically different after cooking

(p<0.05). As a result, it was concluded that LS was effective alter the color properties. As the immersion time

increased, the changes in L and a * values became statistically significant after the third minute. Cooking application

increased the L * value. However, L * value decreased in LS treated groups after cooking. The effect of LS application

on area value was not significant. Yet, the cooking application had a substantial impact on the area.

Keywords: Color, liquid smoke flavor, anchovy, dipping time.

55

(Oral Presentation)

MONITORING OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ACETIC ACID RATIOS ON THE

COLOR OF MARINATED ANCHOVY FILLETS AND SKIN DURING 24 HOURS




Abstract

Marination method is based on the ripening of a food product with sodium chloride and acetic acid. It is common for

seafood to be processed by the marinating method. The ratio of acetic acid used is effective in the quality of the

marinated product. The sodium chloride and acetic acid used during the marinating process also significantly alter the

color of the seafood. Monitoring of color changes is very important for product control at the sales stage. The reason

for this is that the consumer's preference varies according to the color quality. Color analysis can be done with

instrumental devices and is also performed by using computer-based imaging technology for the last three decades.

Some studies have shown that this method is more objective and reliable than instrumental methods. In this study, color

changes of marinated anchovy (fillet and skin) using different ratios of acetic acid (3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%) were

performed during raw, after salting, 1th, 20th and 24th hours of the marinating. The color parameters analyzed were L

*, a *, b *, Chroma and Whiteness values. According to results, the L * value of anchovy fillets increased significantly

after brining and show significant changes in all groups during the marinating process (p<0.05). a * value showed a

significant decrease in all groups until 1th hour after marinating. However, 5% and 6% groups showed a rise at 20th

hours of marinating (p<0.05) but groups of 3% and 4% showed no significant change (p>0.05). However, all groups

showed similar values at 24h hours of marinating. Skin a* values of anchovy was also showed similar fluctuations with

fillet of anchovy. b * value of anchovy fillets increased significantly after salting. In the process of 1th hour of

marinating, the value of b * has decreased rapidly. Since this decrease was at the same level for all groups, there was

no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). However, between the after salting and the 1th hour

of marinating, it was found to be statistically significant for all groups (p<0.05). b * value of 3% and 4% ratios

between the 20th hours of marinating process was not statistically different (p>0.05). The same situation was observed

in 5% and 6% groups for anchovy fillets (p>0.05). However, this similarity has changed in the 24 hours of marinating

process and the 3% group was found to be statistically different from all other groups (p<0.05). Skin b* values of

anchovy was also showed similar fluctuations with fillet of anchovy. Whiteness value was found similar with L* values

of anchovy fillets and skin samples. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between increase in

acetic acid ratio and color change. However, as the marinating time increases, the color parameters reach values close

to each other in all groups. Accordingly, the main difference is seen in the first hours of the marinating process.

Moreover, color changes were observed in anchovy fillets more than anchovy skin.

Key words: Color, marinating, anchovy, fillet, skin.

56

(Oral Presentation)

MONITORING THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL VINEGARS ON THE

COLOR OF ANCHOVY AND SARDINE FILLETS




Abstract

Marinating technique is based on the principle of protection of fish in acetic acid and salt mixture. In the marinating

process, the shelf life of the product is increased, and the characteristic taste occurs. Marinated fish is a ready-to-eat

food product. Marinating of fatty fish is common; for example, anchovies and sardines are suitable fish for marinating.

In the Marination technique, the sensory properties of fish vary during the ripening period. The most important of these

changes is color. In this study, the effect of different commercial vinegars (White, Apple, Pomegranate, and Grape) on

the color of the anchovy and sardine fillets and skin is investigated. For this purpose, the fillets and skins of anchovy

and sardine samples were analyzed for raw, after brining, after 18th hours post marinating and 24th hours post

marinating. Computer-based image analysis was used for color analysis. The examined color parameters are L *, a *, b

*, Chroma, and Whiteness. According to results, L* and Whiteness values of anchovy fillets increased continuously, but

L* and Whiteness values of anchovy skin increased first but then decreased and reached values close to the initial

value. The most important difference in anchovy fillet was observed in a* value of pomegranate vinegar group

(p<0.01). Accordingly, a * value of -2.38±0.12, -2.27±0.10, -0.47±0.09 and -2.07±0.12 was found at the 24th hours of

marinating for white, apple, pomegranate and grape vinegar, respectively. a * value of anchovy skin decreased rapidly

after salting in all vinegar groups and increased after marinating. The statistical difference was found in the

pomegranate vinegar group for anchovy skin after 24th hours post marinating (p<0.01). Similar fluctuations were

observed in b * and Chroma values of anchovy fillet and skin samples. L* and Whiteness values of sardine fillets

increased steadily in all vinegar groups except pomegranate vinegar group. There are no significant changes L* and

Whiteness values of pomegranate vinegar groups of sardine fillets (p>0.01). a* values of the white, apple and grape

vinegar groups were gradually decreased during the marinating process. However, a * value of pomegranate group of

sardine fillets was 4.62±0.64, 3.41±0.47, 1.93±0.18 and 1.65±0.20 for raw, after brining, after 18th hours post

marinating and 24th hours post marinating respectively (p<0.01). These results showed that pomegranate vinegar is

the most effective vinegar on the color of sardine fillet. L and Whiteness value of sardine skin were increased after

salting and decreased during the marinating process. However, there are no significant differences between process

steps (p>0.01). b* values of apple, grape and pomegranate groups (sardine skin) were significantly changed during the

marinating process (p>0.01). As a result, the color changes of the fillet and the skin were found to be entirely different

for each fish species. Besides, pomegranate vinegar has been shown to affect the color of fillets in a different way than

the other vinegar.

Keywords: Color, marinating, grape vinegar, pomegranate vinegar, apple vinegar, white vinegar.

57

(Oral Presentation)

EFFECT OF DRY SALTING ON THE COLOR OF SARDINE




Abstract

Salting is known as one of the oldest methods used to preserve foods and traditionally divided into dry salting and brine

salting practices. Dry salting technique is one of the most widely used salting techniques. This technique is based on the

application of sodium chloride directly to the foodstuff. Dry salting of fish has been in use since antiquity to extend the

shelf life of fish. In the modern world, dry salted fish is still a popular food. However, the color of dry salted fish

changes over time. This study aims to reveal these color changes of dry salted sardines. Color parameters L *, a *, b *,

Chroma and Whiteness values were measured during raw, after brine and after dry salting of the fish samples.

According to results, the L * value increased significantly after brining and decreased slightly after dry salting. It was

observed that dry salting altered L * value of the sardine samples. However, the most dramatic differences were

observed in the brine, and dry salting stages a * and b * values. According to this, while fresh sardines a * value was

6.19 ± 0.46, it decreased to -4.66 ± 0.10 after brine. After dry salt, a * value was determined as -5.26 ± 0.06. b * value

was found to be -0.07 ± 0.62 for fresh sardines. However, this value decreased to -7.70 ± 0.26 after the brine, and a

statistically significant difference was found. At the end of dry salting, b* value of sardines increased to 0.07 ± 0.35.

The reason for this increase is the yellowing of the fish. According to the color scheme (NBS) determined by the Inter-

Society Color Council, sardine fish were classified as grayish purple. However, after brine, the color of the sardine fish

was classified as pale purple. After dry salting, the color category was determined as 'greenish gray.' According to

these data, the salting stages significantly change the color of sardine fish. In later studies, it is recommended to

examine consumer preferences using different salting rates and temperatures.

Key words: Color, dry salting, brine salting, sardine.

58

(Oral Presentation)

MONITORING OF COLOR CHANGES IN DIFFERENT PROCESSES OF ANCHOVY

AND SARDINE FILLETS DIPPED IN ORANGE OIL, LEMON OIL AND LIQUID SMOKE




Abstract

Color is an important sensory attribute to determine the seafood quality by consumers. Computer-based image analysis

is an objective, repeatable, and fast method to determine non-homogenized color samples like seafood. Essential oils

and liquid smoke are essential to develop seafood color, taste, and shelf-life. In this study, lemon oil, orange oil, and

water-based liquid smoke were added in a brine solution of anchovy and sardine fillets. The aim of the study was to

determine the effects of lemon oil, orange oil and water based liquid smoke on the color, area and meat yield of

anchovy and sardine fillets in raw, after application and after cooking processes. According to results, the area of fillets

was significantly changed after cooking for all groups (p<0.05). The a* value of lemon oil group of anchovy was

4.56±0.25, 53.90±0.67, and 61.77±0.75 during raw, after salting and application, after cooking, respectively. The same

value for sardine was changed 6.15±0.49, 3.90±0.48, and -1.26±0.24 during raw, after salting and application, after

cooking, respectively. a* value of lemon oil, orange oil, and liquid smoked anchovy and sardine groups were

significantly changed after brine solution applications and cooking (p<0.05). However, the importance of L *, b *,

Chroma and Whiteness values of lemon and orange oil groups of anchovy and sardine fillets increased only after

cooking. The meat yield values were 52.02, 48.73 and 49.95 for lemon, orange oil and liquid smoked of anchovy fillets,

respectively. The meat yield of sardine fillets were 68.73, 64.49 and 55.18 for lemon, orange oil, and liquid smoked

fillets, respectively. Results were shown that adding liquid smoke to brine solution has always created more pronounced

differences over the color characters than the lemon and orange oil applications in each application for anchovy and

sardine fillets. Cooking has a significant impact on the areas of anchovy and sardine fillets. The salting effect changed

the meat yield. It was found that the meat yields of liquid smoked products were lower than the other groups.

Keywords: Color, orange oil, lemon oil, liquid smoke, consumer preference.

59

(Oral Presentation)

INVESTIGATION OF COLOR CHANGES OF ANCHOVY AND SARDINE FILLETS

TREATED WITH DIFFERENT OILS AND LIQUID BY COMPUTER-BASED IMAGE

ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY




Abstract

It is in the expectation that specific sensory characteristics are appropriate to their own experience before consumers

buy a food product. Color is one of the most important of these sensory properties. In addition to instrumental

techniques, computer-based imaging techniques are used in color measurement. This technique is used safely in non-

homogenous food products, especially in seafood. Essential oils are frequently used in seafood processing. The aim of

the study was to determine the effects of lemon oil and orange oil spread applications on the color, area and meat yield

of anchovy and sardine fillets. The statistical relationships were monitored between applications for both fish species.

According to results, the area of control, lemon oil and orange oil groups of anchovy and sardine showed significant

differences after cooking (p<0.01). L* values of the control group of anchovy and sardine were between 54.43-58.00

and 54.83-65.40, respectively. The a* values of anchovy in Lemon Oil group were 4.40, 2.57, and -0.10 for raw, after

application and after cooking, respectively. Same values for sardine were 6.46, 3.90, and -1.73 for raw, after

application and after cooking, respectively. All color values of the control group of both fish species showed a

statistically significant change only after cooking (p<0.01). Lemon and orange oil have resulted in significant changes

in a* value of fillets after application and cooking (p<0.01). However, L*, b*, and Chroma values have changed

significantly only after cooking (p<0.01). The meat yield of anchovy samples were 48.28%, 51.41%, and 44.96% for

lemon oil, orange oil and control groups, respectively. Sardine meat yields were 62.87%, 64.49%, and 59.81% for

lemon oil, orange oil and control groups, respectively. According to the results of the study; lemon and orange oil has a

significant effect on changing the color of anchovy and sardine samples. It has also been found that the cooking process

varies the area and meat yield of the fillets.

Keywords: Color, anchovy, sardine, meat yield, cooking

60

(Oral Presentation)

FOOT-NAIL DISEASES IN CATTLE AND THEIR HARMS TO BUSINESSES

Sibel ALAPALA DEMIRHAN

1

1Uşak University Agricultural and Natural Sciences Faculty/ Department of Animal Breeding,Uşak/ Turkey


Abstract

Foot-nail diseases in cattle are a serious problem of welfare and cause significant economic losses. In addition, losses

caused by the foot and nail problems for businesses (economic losses, early extraction, treatment costs, decreases in

milk and meat yields, deterioration of reproductive efficiency) also lead to great losses through the harms they give to

the economy.

In this study, the effects of foot diseases on cattle breeding, milk yield and some behaviors, the causes of foot and nail

problems, important nail diseases (base ulcer, heel decay, white line disease, interdigital dermatitis, foot rot, laminitis)

and nail anomalies are discussed. In addition, the issues to be considered in the prevention of foot diseases and nail

problems (foot care and nail cut, shelter and floor construction, foot bath application, regular and balanced feeding,

separation of animals with a greater propensity to foot diseases) are addressed.

Key Words: Foot, Disease, Cattle, Nail, Harm.


61

(Oral Presentation)

UTILIZATION OF COMPOST FERTILIZER WHICH MADE FROM POULTRY

SLUDGE AND MARKET WASTE AS A POTTING MEDIA COMPONENT WITH COIR

DUST FOR ORNAMENTAL PLANT TAGETES PATULA (ANTIGUA YELLOW) AND

LEAFY VEGETABLE IPOMOEA ACQUATICA (L).

Jayasekara S.D

1 , Wijesekara S.C

1, C. Malwana

2

1University of Ruhuna, Faculty of Agriculture, Mapalana, Matara, Sri Lanka

2 Central Environmental Authority, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka

Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Sri Lankan compost quality does not meet the optimum quality due to lack of nutrients. Among them each and every

component plays vital role when use as a potting media. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the

potential utilization of an alternative potting media developed from poultry sludge and market waste in combination

with coir dust on the growth and development of leafy vegetable Ipomoea aquatica (L) and ornamental plant Tagetes

patula (Antigua Yellow). The market waste (MW) and poultry sludge filter pressed cake (PSFC), employed in this

experiment were collected from Dompe market and “Nelna” poultry farm settled in Gampaha, Sri Lanka, respectively.

Co-digestion was studied in order to discover the optimum mixing ratio of PSFC and MW for improved quality compost

production. Four different types of treatments were prepared with three replicates by mixing PSFC and MW at the rates

of; (T1) 0% PSFC + 100% MW, (T2) 25% PSFC + 75% MW, (T3) 50% PSFC + 50% MW and (T4) 75% PSFC + 25%

MW respectively. Physical and chemical features of developed composts were examined after 10 weeks. Best

combination for physical and chemical properties was T1. Five different potting media were arranged by mixing T1

and coir dust (CCD) at the formulation of (T1) 0% + 100% CCD, (T1) 25% + 75% CCD, (T1) 50% + 50% CCD, (T1)

75% + 25% CCD, (T1) 100% + 0% CCD respectively. Mixture of topsoil, commercial compost and river sand, ratio of

(1:1:1) was used as the control. Physical and chemical properties of developed media were analyzed. Developed

potting media showed adequate physical and chemical properties for Ipomoea aquatica and Tagetes patula cultivation.

Formulated T1(25% PSFC + 75% MW) 25% +75%CCD potting medium gave the best growth and yield performance

in the Ipomoea aquatica (L) and Tagetes patula (Antigua Yellow) which were not significantly differed compared to

commercial potting media (control: compost + Top soil + river sand, ratio 1:1:1). Bulk density, true density, moisture

content, mean weight diameter and coarseness index of the treatment with (T1) 25% + 75% CCD were 0.40 gcm-3,

1.44 gcm-3 24.15%, 0.054 mm and 32.6%, respectively. Furthermore, electrical conductivity, pH, organic carbon,

nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and C: N ratio of the above treatment (T1 25 % +75% CCD) were 5.64 dS/m, 7.2,

24.08 %, 2.39%, 0.51%, 1.7%, and 9.6, respectively. The highest plant height, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight

of the Ipomoea aquatica (L) in second yield were 115.5 cm, 92.12 g, 28.91 g respectively and Tagetes patula (Antigua

Yellow) were 44.9 cm, 68.91 g, 16.32 g, respectively. Therefor formulated (T1) 25% +75% CCD potting medium can be

recommended as an alternative substrate for the widely used control.

Key words: Leafy vegetable, Ornamental plant, Potting media, Filter cake, Market waste

62

(Oral Presentation)

PUBLIC SERVANTS SERVING THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH URBAN

AGRICULTURE


Krista RAMOS

1*, Zairylle GARCINEZ

2, Raessa VALMONTE

2, Ralph Deniel CETRO

2, Darwin PAMBID

2

Student Researchers (Lorma Colleges Basic Education Schools)


Abstract

The research looked over the possibility of Urban Agriculture and encountered a lot of certain topics such as

Production of Foods, Lack of Space, Early Childhood Education, now Urban Agriculture offers such an alternative

ways to continue with the flow of modernization without any complications. This research covered implications of

Agriculture in cities once it's already implemented. The goal of this study is to find ways of implementing Agriculture in

urban areas that can benefit the people and also the country. Policemen of Baguio City who participated in the

Gulayan sa Kapulisan program were the chosen participants for the study. The researchers made use of semi-

structured interview as the instrument in data gathering for the research. The policemen of Baguio City applied organic

farming, vertical gardening and crop rotation which is a way to maximize the limited space available. Urban

Agriculture interplays with food production, early childhood education ,and space wherein it provides secure access to

food and the policemen were raised in a childhood of knowing basics of gardening, and maximizing space but certainly

some were affected by road widening. As a conclusion, Agriculture is open for any profession wherein the policemen

became role models for students and bystanders because they motivated people and sparked their interests.

Key words: Urban Agriculture; Policemen; Sustainabilty; Urbanization; Farming

63

(Oral Presentation)

(A REVIEW)

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.

Erten AKBEL1

1Uşak University, Health Training School, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 64200 Usak/Turkey

Corresponding author email:[email protected]

Abstract

Reactive oxygen reacts with lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and DNA to donation electrons. These oxidants may cause

peroxidation by causing peroxidation of the lipids in the membrane when there are excess amounts therefore they lead

to intracellular ion imbalance. Reactive oxygen species show the actual toxic effects in the cell membrane causing

peroxidation of fatty acids. In our country as well as all over the world, many plants have been consumed in various

ways among the people for many years, and they are also used to treat various diseases. The number of studies

investigating the use of plants as natural antioxidant sources is increasing. Seeds of horsechestnut Aesculum

hippocastanum L. growing in Iran, North India, Southeastern Europe, the Balkans and the Caucasus, have long been

used to treat inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, tendonitis and sports injuries, as well as venous diseases such as

varices and hemorrhoids. It has been known for many years that the escin, which is a major component of horse

chestnut seeds extract and is a mixture of triterpene saponins, has antiexudative, antiedema and vasoprotective effects.

Investigations have shown that aescine regulates inflammation mediators by increasing the endogenous antioxidant

capacity and antioxidant activity by decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing the hepatoprotective and antioxidant

defense system due to flavonoidal structure.

In the literature, it is stated that horse chestnut extracts, which are rich in phenolics, have an important antioxidant

potential. Studies on different types of cancers have also shown that the aescin has stopped the growth of cancer cells

and prevented further proliferation. In addition to the widely known properties of horsechestnut further studies to

determine the antioxidant properties will increase the bioavailability of this plant.

Key words: Aesculum hippocastanum L., aescin, antioxidant.

64

(Oral Presentation)

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF HORSECHESTNUT GROWING IN UġAK REGION

Erten AKBEL1, Ġbrahim BULDUK

2

1Uşak University, Health Training School, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 64200

Usak/Turkey 2Uşak University, Health Training School, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, 64200

Usak/Turkey Corresponding author email:[email protected]

Abstract

Aesculum hippocastanum L.,popularly called as the Horsechestnut, is known for its magnificent beauty all over the

world and has long been used in folk medicine. In this study, extraction of fruit and fruit shells of horsechestnut trees

grown in Usak region were performed with ultrasonic assisted in 70% methanol-water mixture. The phenolic and total

flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetric

method, respectively.To determine the antioxidant activity in the extracts, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) test

was performed as previously described in some modifications. Gallic acid was used as the standard for the

determination of total phenolic content of horsechestnut fruit and shells and the results were given as equivalent of

gallic acid. At the end of the experiment, phenolic contents of horse fruit and shell were determined as 64.70 mg gallic

acid equivalent/1 g sample and 32.43 mg gallic acid equivalent/1 g sample, respectively. Catechin was used as the

standard in the total flavonoid content, the results were expressed in terms of catechin equivalent.The flavonoid content

of thefruits was determined as 16,38 catechin equivalent /1 g sample, 12,41 g catechin equivalent/1 g sample of fruit

shells. Ascorbic acid was used as the comparison component in antioxidant activity analysis.

The rate of inhibition of DPPH for th ehorsechestnut fruit was 44,21% and for the shel was 23.15% of while the rate of

ascorbic acid was 96.82%. These results show that the antioxidant activity of the fruits is about half of the antioxidant

activity of ascorbic acid.

Key words: Horsechestnut, phenolic, flavonoid.

65

(Oral Presentation)

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN LIMITATION ON INTERCEPTION AND USING OF

RADIATION IN SPRING CANOLA CULTIVARS


A. Biabani

*1 Safikhani, S

2, Abolfazl Faraji

3, Ali Rahemi

4, and Abdolatif Gholizadeh

4

1. Associate Prof., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gonbad-e-Kavous, Gonbad-e-Kavous, Iran.

2. PhD Student of Crop Physiology, University of Gonbad-e-Kavous, Gonbad-e-Kavous, Iran.

3. Associate Prof., Horticulture and Agronomy Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and

Education Center. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran

4. Assistant Prof., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gonbad-e-Kavous, Gonbad-e-Kavous, Iran.

*Corresponding Author

Abstract

In order to estimate extinction coefficient (EC), radiation use efficiency (RUE) and coefficients of dry matter

production (CDMP) in canola (Brassica napus L.), a factorial experiment was conducted based on an RCBD with four

replications in 2013-2015, at Gonbad Kavous University, Iran. Treatments consisted of four canola cultivars (Hyola

401, Zarfam, Hyola 308 and RGS003) and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50 % and 100 % of N fertilizer

recommendation). The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer had a significant impact on light extinction coefficient,

especially in the second year. The obtained figures of extinction coefficient for the cultivars ranged from 0.4 to 0.8, with

the lowest at 100% recommended nitrogen for RGS003 in the second year. The amount of RUE was different during the

two years in terms of nitrogen fertilizer for cultivars. The highest RUE (1.2 g MJ-1

) was obtained at 100% nitrogen

fertilizer for RGS003 in the second year. There was a significant effect of treatments on dry matter (P<0.05). The

highest and lowest dry matter production was 1032.4 and 371.9 g m-2

day-1

at zero and 100 percent of N fertilizer

recommendation and for Hyola 308 and RGS003, respectively.

Keywords: Brassica napus L., fertilizer, leaf area index, Radiation use efficiency.

66

(Oral Presentation)

EXPLORING ADAPTABILITY OF EXOTIC PROSO MILLET GENOTYPES IN AGRO

ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF MULTAN, PAKISTAN


Rao M. Ikram1*

, M. Abdullah Akbar1, M. Shahid Iqbal

1, Amar Matlob, Muqrrab Ali

1, Khuram Mubeen

1, Fahim

Nawaz, M. H. Rehman1.

1MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.


Abstract

Pakistan is among countries which are facing drought and heat stress, in this scenario it is dire need to explore climate

resilient flora for human as well as livestock consumption. Exploring Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) might be a

good option, which is drought and heat tolerant crop and even superior nutritionally as compared to common cereals

because it is rich in essential amino acids. Therefore, a preliminary experiment was conducted at research area of

Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan Pakistan to explore adaptability of seventy exotic Proso

millet genotypes by comparing morphology, phenology, yield and biomass potential in summer season (season when

temperature exceeds 45 °C) during 2018. Genotypes were imported from USDA. Out of seventy, 4 genotypes were

found high yielder with reasonable yield while 10 were good biomass producers which can be utilized as fodder

purpose. Adaptable genotypes had arched shaped panicles and strong pubescence at flag leaf sheath as well as medium

pubescence at flag leaf blade indicating morphological adaptation to heat and limiting water conditions. Furthermore,

most of genotypes completed life cycle between 70 to 90 days. Preliminary results were encouraging, and adaptable

genotypes can be promoted to be grown in heat stress and drought prone areas of country, where other cereals cannot

be grown.

Key words: Adaptability, drought, proso millet


67

(Oral Presentation)

SCREENING OF USDA AMARANTH GERMPLASM FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND

PHENOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS


Samreen Nazeer

1 and Muhammad Zubair Akram

1*

1Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan


Abstract

Pakistan has wider agro-ecological conditions and some grains are not sufficient in these conditions. There is a need to

introduce the new grains in this region that are economically as well as nutritionally important for future food security.

For this Amaranth grains have excellent nutrient value compared to other grains and acclimatize successively in other

reigns. Amaranth being a nutrient rich crop can be solution to improve nutritional quality of food within conventional

cropping system. Amaranth is a naturally resilient crop that can be an alternative to conventional food crops. An

experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to evaluate 200

accessions from USDA. Higher Plant biomass and seed yield was collected in many accessions. Significant increase in

yield parameters were recorded in ten accessions (3, 4, 6, 48, 58, 62, 66, 67, 125 and 163). Almost 150 mound's per ha

yield was observed. Seed yield was linked to morphological and yield related traits. Accessions having intermediate

crop duration (48, 62 and 67) produced higher seed yield. Furthermore, short stature accessions, produced more yield

as compared to other ones. Moreover, seed yield was inversely proportional to plant height (89, 16, 107 and 113).

Enormous germplasm diversity was observed in amaranth; introduced into agro ecological zones of Pakistan.

Key words: Amaranth, Food security, germplasm, nutrition value, diversity.

68

(Oral Presentation)

AMES MUTAGENITY TEST

Fahriye ZEMHERĠ-NAVRUZ1*

, Erten AKBEL2

1 Bartın University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 74110 Bartın/Turkey

2 Uşak University, Health Training School, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 64200 Usak/Turkey


Abstract

Technology, in addition to offering convenience, brings along a major challenge air pollution and adversely affect

living things. All living things in nature face with natural or artificial chemicals in daily life. These chemicals may be

natural chemicals in foods, pesticides, food additives, hair dyes, artificial chemicals such as cosmetics and medicines,

cigarette smoke, water and complex compounds like the pollutants in the air. The most rational approach to reveal

carcinogenic risk of chemicals is tumor induction in experimental animals. However, the results of these tests take a

long time and the costs are high. Therefore, researchers have developed many short-time mutagenicity test systems that

can result in a short time and cost low. Mutagenic effects of chemicals are intended to identify with mutagenicity tests

developed. Most widely used short-time test systems are the bacterial tests and the most used one of these test is Ames

test. Ames mutagenicity test, used to determine mutagenic effects of chemicals, in terms of test parameters is one of the

best standardized method. This test system is based on reverse mutation measurements of a variety of specially

configured mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. As a result, mutagenic dose of test substance used is determined. This

study aims to explain the Ames test and method steps to the researchers who want to determine the mutagenicity of the

chemical substances that they are exposed to continuously.

Key words: Ames test, Salmonella typhimirium, mutagenic effect

69

(Oral Presentation)

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THIN LAYER MICROWAVE DRYING OF

YELLOW CHERRY

Sevil KARAASLAN1*

1Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Agricultural

Machinery and Technologies Engineering, 32260, Isparta, Turkey


Abstract

Characteristics of thin layer microwave drying of yellow cherry (200 (± 0,02)) g were evaluated in laboratory scale

microwave dryer. The drying experiments were carried out at 180, 360 and 540W, respectively. The microwave drying

experiment which reduced the moisture content of yellow cherry samples from the initial 71,21% (±0,01) (wet basis) to

a final 20% (±0,03) (wet basis) took 102-29 min, depending on microwave output power applied. The drying periods of

yellow cherry samples were 102, 53 and 29 min, in microwave powers of 180, 360 and 540W, respectively. The drying

data were applied to nine different mathematical models, namely, Newton, Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic,

Midilli-Kucuk, Wang and Singh, Lojistic, Two Term, Verma Equation Models. The performances of these models were

compared according to the coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of estimate (SEE) and residual sum of

squares (RSS), between the observed and predicted moisture ratios. Results showed that the Midilli-Kucuk equation

gave the best prediction to the drying kinetics evidenced by coefficient of determination, R2 ranging from 0,9997-

1,0000.

Key Words: microwave, mathematical modelling, yellow cherry, drying

70

(Oral Presentation)

DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION UlMUS GLABRA HUDS. (ULMACEAE) IN

GEORGIA

Nana (Nani) GOGINASHVILI1*

, Irina TVAURI1, Nato KOBAKHIDZE

2

1Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, Agroforestry Research Division, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia

2Agricultural University of Georgia, Agrarian and Natural Sciences faculty, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia


Abstract

Scotch elm -Ulmus glabra Huds (Ulmaceae) occurs in Georgia at an altitude until 1800 m. The 30 m tall tree doesn't

form independent stands and characterized by fragmented distribution. These species mainly occurs in moist habitats,

on shaded areas of ravine edges or mezophylic forest gaps etc. Optimal growth conditions of this species are in

mountain river basin.

As a rule U.glabra occurs in mountineous decideous forest habitat type. The masive drying of this plant caused by

fungal disease, Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) Melin & Nann, which later in Europe was named as Dutch Elm Disease

(DED). As a result of this elms were listed in the Georgian Red List, as a vulnerable species. For decades there are not

carried out any studies to investigate the current situation of these plant.

The aim of our research was study of condition of Ulmus glabra Huds (Ulmaceae) in the natural forest. Studies were

carried out in different locations of U. glabra in some regions of Georgia.

In each sample area (100 m2) were studied the following parameters: slope inclination, exposition, GPS coordinates,

soil type, forest type, tree height, diameter, density of stand, young growth of targeted species, undergrowth and herbal

cover, Vegetation of habitat was evaluated. Areas distinguished with high fruitfulness abilities were marked for

permanent seed areas. The sample leaves of U.glabra population were collected from different regions of Georgia to

study morphometric parameters and for their comparison.

On the basis of the research was made a map in GIS program, where are marked locations of U.glabra in Georgia. It

was revealed that oldest individuals of U. glabra and other elms are not occurred because of Dutch Elm Disease. There

are 30-40 aged trees healthy trees free from diseases and they all have good growth. In the 70% of studied locations

young growth were find.

After statistical processing was revealed that the size of leaves slightly differ from each other according to regions. The

most big sizes of U.glabra detected in Sagarejo forest and the most small leaves –from Khevsureti forest.

In the purpose of conservation were collected seeds, which were processed by standard methods and stored in the seed

bank.

Key words: Ulmus glabra, Location, Habitat, Conservation, seed Bank.

71

(Oral Presentation)

PHENOTYPING QUINOA GENOTYPES FOR EVALUATING HEAT STRESS

TOLERANCE ASSOCIATION


Muhammad Zubair Akram1*

Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan


Quinoa is sensitive to high temperature stress during reproductive stage and temperature above 35°C during anthesis

significantly reduces quinoa grain yield. This study evaluated the response of 12 diverse quinoa genotypes for terminal

heat stress at two locations in Faisalabad (temperate) and Multan (heat stressed) in Pakistan during 2017-18.

Phenotyping for canopy temperature was performed during anthesis and for morphological traits at harvest maturity.

Multivariate analysis was performed to explore the heat tolerant genotypes and association between CT, plant biomass

(PB), seed yield (SY), thousand seed weight (TSW), panicle length (PL), plant height (PH) and harvest index (HI). Data

of these genotypes were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Results of PCA were examined with biplot

graph developed from PC 1 for temperate and PC 2 for heat stressed environment using Origin Pro 9.1 software

(Northampton, USA). The PCA analysis showed 66.15% of the total variability under heat stress conditions than

75.38% under temperate conditions. The biplot analysis showed positive correlation between GY and TSW, PL, PH, PB

and HI while CT correlated negative with GY, TSW, PL, PH and PB. Among genotypes V4, and V24 performed better

and expressed high yield and falls close to the GY trait vectors under temperate while V4, V15 and V6 falls close to the

GY trait vectors therefore, performed better under heat stress with high yield. The genotypes V4, V6 and V15 with

higher GY and yield traits along with reduced CT can be promising sources to explore physiological and biochemical

mechanisms.

Key words: High temperature, terminal heat stress, two location, multivariate analysis, 12 diverse genotype.

https://seedevents.currinda.com/event/30/submit/31/1106/preview#affiliation_2466

72

(Oral Presentation)

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEED PRIMING TECHNIQUES ON GERMINATION AND

GROWTH OF MUNG BEAN (VIGNA RADIATA L.)


Taseer AHMAD *, Muhammad TAHIR, Muhammad Abdullah SALEEM, Intazar HUSSAIN, Muhammad

Zubair AKRAM, Umar Murad FAROOQI

Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad

*Email: [email protected]

Abstract

In mung bean crop, priming techniques were used for achieving better crop stand. In priming, seeds are partially

hydrated to a point where germination process begins but radical emergence does not occur. A pot experiment was

conducted to determine the effect of different seed priming techniques on germination and growth of Mung bean at

Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during Rabi season in 2017-18. The experiment

consists of 10 treatments in RCBD which was replicated three times. The Treatments were T1 = Control (No Priming),

T2 = Hydropriming, T3 = Molybdenum 0.03%, T4 = Molybdenum 0.06%, T5 = Salicylic acid 15 mg/lit, T6 = Salicylic

acid 30 mg/lit, T7 = Manitol 3%, T8 = Manitol 6%, T9 = PEG 6000 10% and T10 = PEG 6000 20%). NIAB Mung-2011

variety was used as experimental crop. Germination percentage and growth parameters like plant height, shoot fresh

weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, number of leaves and full plant fresh and dry weight was

recorded. Results were showed that there is a significantly increase in germination percentage in treatment T10 where

priming was done with PEG-6000 @ 10%. Other mentioned above parameters were also showed a significant result

while comparing with control.

Key words: Mung bean, Priming, Micronutrients priming, Vigna radiata L.


73

(Oral Presentation)

DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE LEVELS IN STRAWBERRIES

(FRAGARIA) BY NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

Arzu YAZICI, Gülgün YILDIZ TĠRYAKĠ, Hüseyin AYVAZ,

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Food Engineering, 17100, Çanakkale/Turkey


Abstract

In this study, the development of IR based-prediction methods for easy, fast and non-destructive detection of pesticide

residue levels measured by reference analysis in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch, Cv. Albion) samples using

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and demonstrating its potential alternative or complementary use instead of

traditional pesticide determination methods were aimed. Strawberries of Albion varieties which were supplied directly

from the greenhouses in the province of Çanakkale were used as the study material. In the study, a total of 60 batch

sample groups, each consisting of 8 strawberries, were formed and each group was treated with a commercial pesticide

at different concentrations (26.7 % Boscalid + 6.7 % Pyraclostrobin), and varying residual levels were obtained at

strawberry batches. The strawberry samples with pesticide residuals were both used to collect NIR spectra and to

determine the reference pesticide levels applying the extraction of QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Rugged, Safe)

followed by LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Among the pesticide residues

determined according to the LC-MS/MS results in strawberries, it was determined that the boscalid and pyraclostrobin

active substances were significantly higher and PLSR (Partial Least Squares Regression) models were developed for

each of these parameters. In the development of PLSR models, samples were randomly divided into two groups as

calibration (n=48) and validation (n=12) sets. A calibration model was developed for each active substance, and then

the models were validated using cross-validation and external set. The performance evaluation of the PLSR models was

done based on the RPDVAL (Residual Predictive Deviation) of each model. For the active substance of boscalid, RPDVal

of 2.28 was obtained while the RPDVal for pyraclostrobin was 2.31. These results indicate that the developed models

have reasonable predictive power.

Keywords: Chemometrics, near infrared, pesticide, PLSR, strawberry

74

(Oral Presentation)

RAPID DETECTION OF FOREIGN OIL ADULTERATION IN YOGURT USING NEAR

AND MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

Riza TEMĠZKAN, Aygül CAN, Muhammed Ali DOĞAN, Hüseyin AYVAZ

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Food Engineering, 17100, Çanakkale/Turkey


Abstract

The most common adulterations in the dairy industry are conducted by replacing the milk fat with cheaper non-milk

based fats or oils. Although there are several methods available in the literature on the detection of adulterations in

dairy products, the most common ones are based on chromatography, which makes them time-consuming, labor-

intensive and costly. In this study, both Fourier-Transformed Near Infrared (FT-NIR) and Mid-infrared (FT-MIR)

spectroscopy with chemometric were used for the discrimination of foreign oils and to quantify the levels of adulterant

oils in yogurt samples. For this purpose, binary mixtures of pure milk fat and adulterants (margarine, sunflower oil,

corn oil, and hydrogenated vegetable oil), which are potentially or currently involved in substituting milk fat were

prepared and yogurt samples were manufactured following the traditional set type yogurt production. The fat content of

the milk was adjusted to 3.8% (v/v) by the milk fat and external oils in all yogurt productions. Five classes of yogurts,

each consisting of 20 samples (16 samples for calibration and 4 samples for validation group) were produced.

Therefore, a total of 100 yogurt samples (80 samples for calibration and 20 samples for validation) were obtained for

adulteration study (20 unadulterated and 80 adulterated) samples. These classes were 1-) regular unadulterated full-fat

yogurts, 2-) yogurts in which milk fat was replaced by margarine from 2.6 to 100%, 3-) yogurts in which milk fat was

replaced by sunflower oil from 2.6 to 100%, 4-) yogurts in which milk fat was replaced by corn oil from 2.6 to 100%

and 5-) yogurts in which milk fat was replaced by hydrogenated vegetable oil from 2.6 to 100%. In order to evaluate the

prediction performance of FT-NIR and FT-MIR for the added level of external vegetable oils, binary mixtures of pure

milk fat and hydrogenated vegetable oil were added to a skimmed milk, with % level of hydrogenated vegetable oil of

the total fat ranging from 0 to 100 %. Both FT-NIR and FT-MIR spectra of the produced yogurts were directly collected

with no sample preparation. SIMCA models developed showed successful detection of whether the yogurt was

adulterated by substituting the milk fat with an external oil. Additionally, the SIMCA model also effectively

discriminated the source of external oils. On the other hand, PLSR calibration models developed for quantification of

hydrogenated vegetable oil (n=60) were validated externally using an independent validation set (n=20), and the

models yielded correlation coefficients of above 0.98 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 6.89 % for FT-NIR and

6.75% for FT-MIR. Residual predictive deviation (RPD) values of both models were above 4.5, indicating that the

models were considered as “good” and could be used for routine analysis.

Keywords: Adulteration, chemometrics, mid-infrared, near infrared, yogurt, vegetable oils

“This work was supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University The Scientific Research Coordination Unit, Project

number: FBA-2018-2684”

75

(Oral Presentation)

SEED PRIMING WITH ASCORBIC ACID: A COST-EFFECTIVE WAY TO INCREASE

WHEAT DEVELOPMENT AND PHOTOPROTECTION IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

Ivo PAVIA

1, Luís ROCHA

1, Luís PINTO

1, Sandra MARTINS

1, Cláudia CASTRO

2, José LIMA-BRITO

1,2,3,

Carlos CORREIA1


Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal 2BioISI – UTAD, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta

de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal 3DGB-UTAD, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de

Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal


Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a widely cultivated cereal and plays a major role in global food security. Climate

change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of drought events as well as to delay sowing date in the major

wheat growing regions. Ascorbic acid (AsA) partakes in several physiological processes in plants and plays a vital role

in environmental stress resistance. Exogenous supply of AsA can be an option to ameliorate the negative consequences

of different abiotic stresses since endogenous AsA levels may not be sufficient. Seed priming is a simple and cost-

effective method of agronomic biofortification which our group has been recently exploring. We have performed

independent experiments to assess the effects of AsA priming on wheat development and stress resistance. In the

growing season 2016-2017, we performed a field trial where wheat development was registered over time. Leaf area

index and biomass production of wheat were recorded during jointing and heading stages in randomized blocks with

2.5 m2 of control and AsA primed seeds (1 and 2 mM AsA). Possible mitigation effects of AsA priming were assessed in

a pot trial (growing season 2015-2016) where the physiological mechanisms - leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a

fluorescence and leaf water status - of control and primed seeds (2mM of AsA) were compared. Here, during anthesis, a

group of plants was submitted to 20 days of drought stress while a control group was kept in good water status. For

each treatment, 5 pots with 4 plants each were used. Overall, our results suggest that AsA priming may have a broad

effect on the plant‟s physiological processes and increase plant photoprotective mechanisms. AsA priming promoted an

increase in development velocity of wheat until booting which might be useful when a decrease in the wheat growing

season is envisaged due to late sowing date. Furthermore, AsA treatments promoted the energy dissipation by safely

regulated mechanisms rather than by non-regulated mechanisms. In plants subjected to water stress and without AsA

treatment, photosynthetic energy fluxes were inadequately controlled resulting in a strong reduction of PS II acceptors

and photodamage. Contrastingly, in plants subjected to AsA priming we observed an efficient thermal energy

dissipation involving ΔpH and zeaxanthin-dependent photoprotective mechanisms, successfully protecting the reaction

centres of the photosystem II.

Key words: ascorbic acid; photosynthesis; seed priming; Triticum aestivum

Acknowledgements: IP (PD/BD/113611/2015), LR (PD/BD/113612/2015) and SM (PD/BD/135327/2017) acknowledge

the financial support provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the Doctoral

Programme “Agricultural Production Chains – from fork to farm” (PD/00122/2012).

76

(Oral Presentation)

CAN SUPPLEMENTATION OF WHEAT WITH SELENIUM AFFECT THE

ALLOCATION OF OTHER MINERALS IN THE PLANT?

Luís ROCHA

1*, Ivo PAVIA

1, Ermelinda SILVA

1, Sandra MARTINS

1, Alexandre GONÇALVES

1, Luís PINTO

1,

José LIMA-BRITO2, Margarida ARROBAS

3, José MOUTINHO-PEREIRA

1

1 University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Enviromental and

Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), 5000 Vila Real/Portugal 2University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI-UTAD), 5000

Vila Real/Portugal 3Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Mountain Research Centre (CIMO-IPB), 5300 Bragança/Portugal


Abstract

Selenium (Se) is a trace element that is naturally present in soils, in water and in many vegetable foods. This presence

depends on the soils where the plants grow, among other factors. It is well known that Se is essential for animals and

humans. As such, in most cases, it will be necessary to resort to supplementation to achieve the recommended daily

dose for human and animals. Being wheat one of the most important crops for human and animal consumption, the

inclusion of Se in wheat biofortification programs could be a good strategy. In this work, the objective was to evaluate

the presence and distribution of the main macro and micronutrients in wheat plants, subject to different selenium

applications. Two concentrations of sodium selenate P3 and P5 (2.5 and 25 mM) were applied by priming to the seeds

and two concentrations of sodium selenate S3 and S4 (5uM and 50 uM) were supplied by foliar spray. In a fifth plot,

control (Ctrl), no amount of selenium was added. After harvest, the biomass of leaves, stem, and grain, in a set of 15

plants per plot and per replicate (n = 3), was determined. In each sample, the mineral content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe,

Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Se) was quantified after digestion with nitric acid in a MARS XPRESS CEM microwave apparatus. With

exception of Se, there were no statistically significant differences between treatments, either in the exportation or in the

allocation of the various minerals in the different plant organs. In S3 and S4 treatments, the Se was mostly allocated in

the leaves (36.6% and 46.2%, respectively). At the grain maturation stage, N, P, Mg, and Zn are mostly present in the

grain, K, Ca and Mn in the stem and Fe in the leaf. Regarding plant biomass, there were significant differences,

presenting the treatment P5 the highest biomass per m2 and the Ctrl plants the lowest. In all Se treatments, the biomass

of leaves, stem and grains was significantly higher than in the control ones. These results demonstrate that Se

application did not affect the absorption and distribution of minerals in the plant, but promotes a greater plant

development and the amount of grain and straw is superior per m2 of soil.

Key words: Priming, spray, selenium application, minerals allocation, Jordão wheat.

This work is supported by National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the

project UID/AGR/04033/2019. LR (PD/BD/113612/2015), IP (PD/BD/113611/2015), ES ((PD/BD/128274/2017) and

SM (PD/BD/135327/2017) acknowledge the financial support provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science

and Technology, under the Doctoral Program “Agricultural Production Chains – from fork to farm” (PD/00122/2012).

Leaf

Stem

Grain

0

20

40

60

80

100

Ctrl P3 P4 P5 S3 S4 S5 S6

N

0

20

40

60

80

100


P

0

20

40

60

80

100


Ca

0

20

40

60

80

100


Cu

0

20

40

60

80

100


Fe

0

20

40

60

80

100


B

0

20

40

60

80

100


Mg

0

20

40

60

80

100


Mn

0

20

40

60

80

100


K

0

20

40

60

80

100


Zn

0

20

40

60

80

100


Se

77

(Oral Presentation)

APPLICATION OF SILICON PRIMING UNDER VARIOUS IRRIGATION REGIMES IN

HYBRID MAIZE


Samreen NAZEER1, Muhammad Zubair AKRAM

1

1Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan


Abstract

Silicon has potentially ability to enhance biotic and abiotic tolerances in crop plants. This study was conducted to

investigate the effect of sodium silicate (SS) priming on seed growth and seedling of plant under shortage of water. Seed

priming treatment contain Hydro-priming and silicate priming. All of seed were sown in a plastic pots under water

deficient condition with field capacity of 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% respectively. Other than parameter the final

germination percentage (FGP) was definitely more or high (97%) in silicate priming treatment. But the mean

germination time (MGT) of silicon priming was reduce or less than hydro-priming. The vigor index, germination rate,

energy of germination, root length, shoot length, were significantly more efficient in silicate priming treatment than

hydro and non-priming treatment. Hydro-priming of seed lower the MGT and enhance the germination rate than no

priming seed. Hydro-priming and non-priming could not increase final germination percentage, germination rate, vigor

index, germination energy and root and shoot lengths. Therefor the improvement in all of these parameter was due to

silicate priming not by hydro and non-priming. In conclusion, silicon seed priming enhance the Maize seed germination

and overall growth under shortage of water stress than hydro and non-primed seeds that indicated the improvement in

the stress tolerance potential of seeds after priming.

Key words: FGP (Final germination percentage), field capacity, hydro-priming, MGT (Mean germination test), non-

priming, sodium silicate priming.

78

(Oral Presentation)

TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS ON PEPPER IN KUMLUCA-ANTALYA,TURKEY

Handan ÇULAL-KILIÇ

1*, Merve SARICA

1 , Kaan CIVELEK

1

1 Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Plant

Protection, Isparta,Turkey


Abstract

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), the type species of genus Tospovirus in the family Bunyaviridae, is one of the most

economically important emerging plant-infecting viruses worldwide. During a survey for TSWV in Kumluca District of

Antalya in 2018, a total of 94 pepper samples were collected from plants with mosaic, deformation, yellowing and

stunting symptoms. Collected samples were tested by Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent (DAS-

ELISA), using the protocols provided by antisera manufacturers (Bioreba, AG, Switzerland). Results were evaluated by

comparing the mean absorbance values at 405 nm after the addition of the alkaline phosphate substrate. The results of

ELISA tests showed that 62 out of 94 pepper samples (65.9 %) were infected with TSWV.

Key words: Tomato spotted wilt virus, (TSWV), pepper, DAS-ELISA

79

(Oral Presentation)

INFLUENCE OF SEED PRIMING WITH POTASSIUM NITRATE AND SALICYLIC

ACID ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING VIGOUR OF MUNGBEAN


Muhammad Abdullah SALEEM* , Muhammad TAHIR , Taseer AHMAD , Intazar HUSSAIN

, Umar Murad

FAROOQI , Muhammad Zubair AKRAM

University of Agriculture, Faisalabad


Abstract

Seed priming is a technique which has successfully been demonstrated the improvement in germination of all crop seeds

in almost all types of soils. A pot experiment was conducted at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan in spring

2018 to evaluate the combined effect of Salicylic Acid and Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) on germination and seedling

vigour of mung bean cultivar. Treatments were four levels of Salicylic Acid (100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) and two levels

of KNO3 (5 ppm and 10 ppm) along with hydropriming and control. Distilled water was used for priming and seeds

were soaked for 8 hours. Randomised complete block design with three replications was used for the allocation of

treatments. Seed germination was improved in all treatments. However, germination percentage in hydropriming

treatment was at par with control. Maximum germination was observed in the treatment where seeds were primed with

200 ppm salicylic acid and 10 ppm potassium nitrate. Number of leaves plant-1

were non-significant. Seed priming

showed significant results for growth parameters. Significantly maximum leaf area index, shoot length, root length,

seedling fresh weigh and seedling dry weight was recorded when seeds were primed with 200 ppm salicylic acid and 10

ppm HNO3. While lowest values for all parameters were observed in control.

Key words: Mungbean, Potassium nitrate, Priming, Salicylic acid, Seedling vigour

80

(Oral Presentation)

GERMINATION BEHAVIOUR OF SEEDS FROM HERBICIDE TREATED PLANTS OF

REDROOT PIGWEED (A. retroflexus L.)

Oğuzhan CERĠT

1 , Derya ÖĞÜT YAVUZ

2*

1Uşak University, Science Institute, Agriculture Science Department, Uşak/Turkey

2Uşak University, Agriculture and Natural Science Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Uşak /Turkey


Abstract

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is one of the most valuable agricultural crops produced and consumed in different

climates and regions. Weeds compete with the sugar beet crop for light, nutrients, water and can cause crop yield

uncontrolled conditions. Amaranthus retroflexus L. in terms of frequency and intensity in sugar beet groving areas one

of the important weeds. Germination is the result of the dormancy period of the seeds and the simultaneous occurrence

of the environmental conditions. In this study, effects of pre-sowing (Chloridazon), pre-emergence (Metamitron) and

post-emergence (Ethofumesate + Phenmedipham + Desmedipham + Lenacil) herbicides and some combinations was

investigated on the germination of seeds, collected from surviving A.retroflexus plants which had received herbicide, in

sugar beet experiment fields. Seeds has tested for germination at temperature of 25◦C. Total germination rate (%),

normal-abnormal germination rate (%), mean germination time (day) and seed weights parameters were determinated.

According to the results, differences were observed between the applications.

Key words: Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chloridazon, Metamitron, Ethofumesate + Phenmedipham + Desmedipham +

Lenacil, Seeds.

1This study was produced from a part of the Master's thesis

81

(Oral Presentation)

APPLICABILITY OF PENDIMETHALIN PRE-EMERGENCE WEED CONTROL IN

BLACK CUMIN (Nigella sativa L.) PRODUCTION

Derya ÖĞÜT YAVUZ

1, Ali Osman LÖKÇÜ

2

1 Uşak University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Plant Protection Department, Uşak, Turkey

2Uşak University, Science Institute, Agriculture Science department, Uşak /Turkey


Abstract

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), which has an important place among medicinal aromatic plants, is an annual plant

belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. Weeds compete with the black cumin for light, nutrients and water and can

cause crop yields decrease especially at early growth stages uncontrolled conditions. Because of low competition, weed

control in early period is one of the important agricultural activities in order to increase yield. In the province of Uşak,

the control of weeds, that are problem in the cultuvated area of black cumin are generally carried out with mechanical

control. In most cases, hand-plucking or mechanical control of weeds is limited depending on the environment and

climate conditions. The purpose of, this study was conducted under pot conditions 2017 as 4 replications. Amaranthus

retroflexus L., Sinapis arvensis L. and Melilotus officinalis L. were used as model weed species which are the most

common broad leaved-weeds of Black cumin field in the region. Pendimethalin was applied 3 different spray volumes

and 4 different doses of as pre-emergence. The effectiveness of weed control and its applicability in the fields of black

cumin has evaluated. While weed species had different susceptibility to the herbicides and it could be possible to

control some weed species with even much lower doses of herbicide than recommended.

Key words:Pendimethalin, Nigella sativa, Amaranthus retroflexus L., Sinapis arvensis L., Melilotus officinalis L.

82

(Oral Presentation)

YIELD RESPONCES OF WHEAT TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FOLIAR APPLIED

BORON


Muhammad Abdullah SALEEM , Muhammad TAHIR , Taseer AHMAD , Intazar HUSSAIN , Umar Murad

FAROOQI

University of Agriculture, Faisalabad


Abstract

Boron plays a significant role in grain setting in cereals, but right amount and efficient application method is a big

question as B deficiency is increasing due to its fixation in calcareous soils of Pakistan. To overcome this problem, a

field trial was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan to assess the

effectiveness of different levels of boron on wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) during November-April 2017-18. Wheat

variety “Ujhala-2016” was sown as a trial crop. The crop was sown by hand drill in plots with net size 5.0 m × 2.25 m.

Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used for treatments allocation. Different levels

of boron (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5% and 4%) along with water spray and a control were used as

treatments. B was applied as foliar spray at booting stage using Boric acid (H3BO3) as source (17% B). Growth and

yield parameters were recorded according to the standard protocols. B spray at booting stage significantly affected the

yield and yield attributes in wheat. Significantly maximum spike length, grains spike-1

, 1000 grain weight, grain yield,

biological yield and harvest index were observed when 1.5 % foliar spray of Boron was applied at booting stage.

Significantly minimum values for all parameter were recorded under control treatment.

Key words: Boron, Boric acid, Booting stage, Foliar application, Micronutrients, Spray

83

(Oral Presentation)

BRAND AND BRANDING APPLICATIONS OF FISHERIES SECTOR IN TURKEY

Serpil YILMAZ

1, Olgaç GÜVEN

1

1Akdeniz University, Faculty of Fisheries, 07058 Antalya/Turkey


Abstract

Turkey is a remarkable country with its variety of aquatic resources, coastal fishing potential and high water quality in

comparison with industrialized countries. As a country with the possibility to culture subtropical species also, had a

total aquaculture production of 276.5 thousand tonnes while the total fisheries production was 630.8 thousand tonnes

in 2017. However, according to the records of Turkish Patent Institute, number of brands and branding initiative are

quite low. Indeed, according to the records approximately 300 of the enterprises related to the fisheries sector were

branded. High number of independent small-scale enterprises, lack of brand expectation by the consumers and the lack

of standardization in the products offered to domestic consumption were the main reasons of the current trend.

However, better income for the producers, more reliable products for the consumers and reduction of product and

quality losses is possible with branding and branding concept. Branding potential of the fisheries sector was evaluated

within the present study and the advantages of brand and branding was discussed.

Key words: Brand, Branding, Fisheries Sector, Aquaculture Sector, Turkey

84


BORON PROTECTS OLIVE TREE FROM COLD DAMAGE

Ermelinda SILVA

1, Alexandre GONÇALVES

1, Sandra MARTINS

1, Luís PINTO

1, Cátia BRITO

1, Luís

ROCHA1, José MOUTINHO-PEREIRA

1, Manuel Ângelo RODRIGUES

2, Carlos CORREIA

1


Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal 2CIMO - Mountain Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal


Abstract

Chilling and freezing are among the most important environmental stresses, causing crop loss worldwide. Cold events

affect cell membrane stability and function, photosynthesis, and lead to higher oxidative stress. Boron (B) is an

essential element for higher plants, playing an important role in several physiological and biochemical processes, as

cell elongation, cell division, cell wall biosynthesis, membrane function, nitrogen metabolism and photosynthesis. Thus,

we hypothesized that B supply could protect sensitive plants, as olive tree, to cold stress. The experiment took place in

Bragança (Northeast Portugal) during four consecutive years. Bragança has a Mediterranean climate with Atlantic

influence with cooler winters. One group of 5-years-old rainfed olive plants (cv.“Cobrançosa”) were fertilized with B

(+B), and the other group without B (-B). The application of B decreased the symptoms of oxidative stress on leaves.

B-treated trees presented lower electrolyte leakage, and total concentration of total phenols, ortho-diphenols and

flavonoids, as well inferior total antioxidant capacity. On the other hand, the increase of ascorbate in B+ trees suggest

a rearrange of metabolic pathways in order to maintain a better balance between repair damage, activation of plant

defence and stimulation of plant growth processes. B+ plants presented higher net photosynthetic rate and intrinsic

water use efficiency. Thus, the present study showed that the application of B ameliorates the performance of olive tree,

giving new insights about the role of boron in plant protection to cold stress.

Key words: Cold stress, olive tree, oxidative stress, plant physiology

Acknowledgements: Doctoral fellowship under the Doctoral Program “Agricultural Production Chains – from fork to

farm” (PD/00122/2012) provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology to E. Silva

(PD/BD/128274/2017), and Project “Novas práticas em olivais de sequeiro: estratégias de mitigação e adaptação às

alterações climáticas”, PDR2020-101-032119, financed by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development

(EAFRD) and Portuguese State under Ação 1.1 «Grupos Operacionais», integrada na Medida 1. «Inovação» do PDR

2020 – Programa de Desenvolvimento Rural do Continente.

85


PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL IMPACTS OF LEGUMINOUS COVER CROPS

IN OLIVE RAINFED ORCHARDS

Sandra Martins

1, Ermelinda Silva

1, Alexandre Gonçalves

1, Cátia Brito

1, Luís Pinto

1, Manuel Ângelo Rodrigues

2,

Fernando Nunes3, Carlos Correia

1

1 CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e

Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal

2 CIMO - Centro de Investigação de Montanha – ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal

3 Chemistry Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal


Abstract

Leguminous cover crops have the potential to provide numerous ecosystem services, including improving soil quality,

nutrient cycling, pest regulation, which in turn will contribute to crop productivity and quality. The objective of this

study was to investigate during two years the effects of a cover crop of self-reseeding annual legumes of short growing

cycle on physiological and biochemical responses of twenty-seven-year-old olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv.

Cobrançosa) grown under rainfed conditions, in comparison with conventional tillage. The results showed that

leguminous cover crop improved the physiological and biochemical performance of olive trees under drought

conditions, considering the rise of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, as well as

higher concentration of total phenols and flavonoids and total antioxidant activity in leaves. In addition,

implementation of leguminous cover crops resulted in an increase of the total production of olive fruits in both years.

These results indicate that cover crop is a good soil conservation practice compared to conventional tillage. Thus, the

incorporation of well-designed, locally-tailored leguminous cover crop, associated with an appropriate mowing time, is

a very promising strategy to implement in olive orchards under drought conditions.

Key words: Soil management strategies, Leguminous cover crops, Olea europaea.

Acknowledgements: Doctoral fellowship under the Doctoral Program “Agricultural Production Chains – from fork to

farm” (PD/00122/2012) provided by the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology to S. Martins

(PD/BD/135327/2017), and Project “Novas práticas em olivais de sequeiro: estratégias de mitigação e adaptação às

alterações climáticas”, PDR2020-101-032119, financed by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development

(EAFRD) and Portuguese State under Ação 1.1 «Grupos Operacionais», integrada na Medida 1. «Inovação» do PDR

2020 – Programa de Desenvolvimento Rural do Continente.

86

(Oral Presentation)

ALMOND CULTIVATION

AyĢen Melda ÇOLAK*, Mustafa CANIAZ

Usak University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Department of Horticulture, Uşak,

TURKEY

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

Almonds known as Central Asia, almonds have adapted to various soiland climatic conditions, It is a high

agricultural product. Almond, which is recommended by experts for health reasons and is very useful, is an important

food for the upbringing of healthy generations. Production in Turkey's year, production technique, the amount of land

devoted to agriculture, when the years in the number of trees Given the more it seems that the increased importance

every year. Approximately be imported which 50% of domestic use, as well as our country a lot of ground almonds

agriculture it is an agricultural product worthworking on. Production on behalf of the province to make appropriate,

have been adapted to conditions in Turkey is of great importance to understand the type sand micro-climates of these

kinds of characters. At the same time, the choice of root stocks, which have been developed over many years according

to various soil characteristics, are the factors that determine the fate of the garden. Cultural studies, fertilizers, spraying

to make quality products must be appropriate and sustainable. Since almonds are an early agricultural blooming

agricultural product, they are susceptible to frostdamage, so while choosing a location, yearly climate data should not be

overlooked while considering watersupply, transportation, workload, soil structure. At the beginning of thereason of our

inadequacy of production is the misconception that badminelovesbadsoil, water, medicine, fertilizer does not want,

analytical based sprayingand fertilization, correcttype-rootstock selection, pedestal-made gardens, country harvesting

will bring more positive points.

Keywords: Almond, cultivation, potential


87

(Oral Presentation)

GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION OF TURKISH FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE PROCESS

OF ACCESSION TO THE EU

Serpil YILMAZ

1, Olgaç GÜVEN

1

1Akdeniz University, Faculty of Fisheries, 07058 Antalya/Turkey


Abstract

As a consequence of globalization, product and production systems have started to show similar features, therefore

preferences of consumers shifted to the products with origin and authenticity certifications, especially for the food

products. Signs indicating the distinguishing feature, region and country of products are defined as geographical signs.

Although these signs are mostly used for food products, they are used for mining industrial products and handicraft

products well as. Registration of geographical indications is made by the Turkish Patent Institute, within the scope of

Decree-Law No. 555 Date 1995 in Turkey. There are 183 registered geographical products and 201 on going

applications are available in Turkey. Geographically marked products are also protected against unfair competition.

As geographic marks ensure the sustainability of the local products, it contributes to the economic development by

increasing the trust of the consumers and the earnings of the producers as well. Moreover several studies revealed that

the products with geographically marked has been an increase in demanded and sold at higher prices. Today,

geographically marked products are used as a development tool for agricultural enterprises all over the world. In the

process of accessıon to the EU, it is known that the geographical signs registered in the care of EU is important for the

international branding of Turkey. Nevertheless, number of the registered product abroad is still very few. However,

Turkey's rich flora, fauna, social and human resources are proving a high potential in terms of geographical extent

markings. Within the present study, current state and the potential of the geographically marked agricultural products

and the economic benefits of these products to consumers, producers and Turkey‟s economy has been discussed.

Key words: Geographic indicators, EU accession, Food Sector, Turkey

88

(Oral Presentation)

BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE FLOWER OF DIFFERENT CITRUS VARIETIES

Mehmet Atilla Askin1*

and Eugene Kofi Amannkwaa1

1 European University of Lefke, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Lefke, Northern Cyprus,

via Mersin 10 Turkey


Abstract

This study was conducted on some selected flowers of citrus varieties, mainly on the pollens of Valencia (Citrus

sinensis), Ortanique Mandarin (Mandora), (Citrus reticulata Blanco), Verna Lemon (Cıtrus lemon), Tango (C.

reticulata x C. Sinensis) and Orri Mandarin. All these citrus varieties were collected from the European University of

Lefke orchards at Gaziveren a city in Turkish Republic Northern Cyprus (TRNC). This research work firmly

emphasized on the pollen germination, pollen viability and pollen morphology of the selected citrus species above. In

order to find out the actual amount of viable pollen, germination test was very necessary. Pollen viability was

conducted using TTC (Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride) test to determine the pollen viability of fruit trees selected.

Morphologically, the following results were recorded based on the selected varieties Tango (Average Length of

developed pollen: 20.00 µm and Width: 15.00 µm, Average length and width of Undeveloped pollen were recorded as

20.00 µm and 14.00 µm). Valencia (Average length of developed pollen: 25.00 µm and Width 20.00 µm, Undeveloped

pollen: Average length 23.00 µm and Width 12.00 µm). Verna lemon (Average length of developed pollen 27.00 µm

and width 23.00 µm, undeveloped pollen: Average length 22.00 µm and width 17.00 µm). Ortanique Mandarin

(Average length of developed pollen: 24.00 µm and width 18.00 µm. Maximum pollen was seen in 20% sucrose solution

after 72 hours in the average ratio of 0.2 germination and the minimum of 0.05 germination in 25% sucrose solution

Keywords: TTC, Pollen, Citrus, Germination, Viability, Morphology.

89

(Oral Presentation)

QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF BLACKBERRY CULTIVARS

CULTIVATED IN HIGHLAND CLIMATE

Mehmet POLAT

1, Nazan KORKMAZ

2*, Ġlknur ESKĠMEZ

1

1Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of

Horticulture, 32260, Isparta, Turkey 2Muğla University, Ortaca Vocational School, 48600, Ortaca-Muğla, Turkey


Abstract

This research was carried out in order to determine some quality characteristics and yield of blackberry cultivars grown

in highland climate. The fruits were harvested in eight different periods after ripening and it had been calculated what

harvested fruit quantity in each period. In this way, the most intensive harvest time of the varieties were also

determined. In this study, Bursa1, Bursa2, Chandler and Jumbo varieties were investigated and the experiment was

carried out in Isparta / Turkey. The yield and fruit weight, fruit width, fruit size, pH, TSSC and titratable acid content

of the cultivars were measured. According to the obtained data, Jumbo has the highest yield. The amount of fruit

harvested during the last two harvests was quite high.

Keywords: blackberry, harvest, fruit yield

90

(Oral Presentation)

DETERMINATION OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF BOYSENBERRY FRUITS IN

HIGHLAND CLIMATE

Nazan KORKMAZ1, Mehmet POLAT2, Ġlknur ESKĠMEZ2

1 Muğla University, Ortaca Vocational School, 48600, Ortaca-Muğla, Turkey

2 Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of

Horticulture, 32260, Isparta, Turkey


Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the fruit quality characteristics of Boysenberry fruits in highland climate.

Boysenberry is a Rubus ursinus X Rubus idaeus hybrid. Boysenberry fruits contain so much Vitamin C and fiber.

Vitamin C is known to reduce the risk of cancer. In our study, fruit weight, fruit width, fruit size, pH, TSSC and

titratable acid content were measured and fruits were grown in highland climate (Isparta / Turkey). In addition, yield

was examined. Fruit weight have ranged from 1.12 to 3.75 g.

Keywords: boysenberry, harvest, fruit quality

91

(Oral Presentation)

INVESTIGATIONS ON IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF BLACK MULBERRY

Sultan Filiz GÜÇLÜ

1*, Emel KAÇAL

2, Fatma KOYUNCU

3

1Isparta Applied Science University Atabey Vocational School, Atabey,Isparta,Turkey

2Department of Fruit Breeding and Genetic, Fruit Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey

3Isparta Applied Science University, Faculty of Agricultural Sicence and Technologies, Department of Horticulture,

32100 Isparta/Turkey

*corresponding author:[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

In this study a micropropagation protocol for Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) was aimed to using shoots of nodal

explant obtained from glutton branch of adult tree. explants were placed onto MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium

containing 1 mg /l IBA (indole butyric acid)+0.50 mg/l BAP (benzyl amino purine), 1 mg/lIBA + 0.75 mg/l BAP), 1

mg/l IBA + 1 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l IBA + 0.50 mg/lBAP, and 2 mg/l IBA 2 mg/l IBA + 0.75 mg/lBAP, and 2 mg/l IBA + 1

mg/l BAP after sterilization of explants. The cultures were incubated in a culture room at 24±2 oC with a 16-h

photoperiod under 2500 lux light irradiance.explants. The MS basal medium during the rooting stage was

supplemented with 0, 4, 6 and 8 mg/l NAA (naftalen acetici acid). The highest shoot number (5.40 number) and shoot

lenght (1.43 cm) were obtained from 1 mg/l IBA + 0.50 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l IBA + 1 mg/l BAP combination,

respectively. For rooting stage, different concentrations of NAA (0, 4, 6, and 8 mg/l) were added. 8 mg/l NAA gave the

good rooting percentege (84 %) during the rooting stage.

Key words: Morus nigra, tissue culture,nodal explant, BAP

92

(Oral Presentation)

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC MATERIALS ON STRAWBERRY SEEDLING

YIELD

AyĢen Melda Çolak, Özgür Çavdar

Uşak University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Department of Horticulture, Turkey

*Correspending author: [email protected]

Abstract

The population of the world is increasing day by day and the value of agricultural production is also emerging in order

to meet the nutritional needs of this population. Agricultural areas need to be protected in order to meet this nutritional

needs. However, in recent years, pollution in the agricultural areas and the deterioration of natural resources have not

only affected human health but also caused the destruction of nature. For this reason, organic agriculture, which is a

production system that will affect the nature and human health in the world at least, has been accepted and has

increased every year. The most important problem of strawberry cultivation is undoubtedly the difficulties in supplying

healthy seedlings. Also, as in all fruit species, selection of varieties in strawberry cultivation is of great importance. It is

possible to produce high quality and satisfactory production, but the seedlings, which are the plant material, with high

efficiency and high quality varieties to ensure the production of seedlings free from diseases and pests. In this study, the

use of different organic fertilizers and strawberry seedlings without using synthetic chemicals, pesticides or synthetic

fertilizers in strawberries, which have been used in many areas in recent years and the consumption of which is used in

different ways, is mentioned.

Key words: Organic fertilizer, Strawberry, Seedling


93

(Oral Presentation)

THE USE OF GOJIBERRY LEAVES AS AN ADDITIVE IN SUGAR BEET LEAVES

SILAGES

Asuman ARSLAN DURU

1, AyĢen Melda ÇOLAK

2

1 Department of AnimalScience, Faculty of Agricultureand Natural Sciences, Uşak University, 64200, Uşak, TURKEY.

2Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultureand Natural Sciences, Uşak University, 64200, Uşak, TURKEY.

*Correspondence author:[email protected]

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the chemical content and some fermentation properties of sugar beet leaf

silages by the addition of different levels of gojiberry leaves. Gojiberry leaves were dried and grounded in a diameter of

1 mm sieve and used in silages. Gojiberry leaves were added to the sugar beet leaves at 0 (control) %, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and

2.0 levels. At the end of there search, The dry matter contents of the silages containing gojiberry leaf at levels of 1, 1.50

and 2.0% were increased compared to the control group (P<0.001). The crude ash content of the silages decreased

with the addition of gojiberry leaf (P<0.05). Inaddition, there was no statistically significant difference in NDF, ADF,

crude protein, pH, lactic acid, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen content (P> 0.05). Acetic acid contents decreased

with the addition of gojiberry leaf (P <0.05). As a result, the addition of 1% gojiberry leaf to the sugar beet leaves

positively affects the silages and improves the silage quality.

Keywords: Gojiberry leaves, sugar beet leaves, silage, additive, volatile fatty acids.


94

(Oral Presentation)

INVESTIGATIONS ON IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF BLACK MULBERRY

Sultan Filiz GÜÇLÜ

1*, Emel KAÇAL

2, Fatma KOYUNCU

3

1Isparta Applied Science University Atabey Vocational School, Atabey,Isparta,Turkey

2Department of Fruit Breeding and Genetic, Fruit Research Institute, 32500 Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey

3Isparta Applied Science University, Faculty of Agricultural Sicence and Technologies, Department of Horticulture,

32100 Isparta/Turkey

*corresponding author:[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

In this study a micropropagation protocol for Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) was aimed to using shoots of nodal

explant obtained from glutton branch of adult tree. explants were placed onto MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium

containing 1 mg /l IBA (indole butyric acid)+0.50 mg/l BAP (benzyl amino purine), 1 mg/lIBA + 0.75 mg/l BAP), 1

mg/l IBA + 1 mg/l BAP, 2 mg/l IBA + 0.50 mg/lBAP, and 2 mg/l IBA 2 mg/l IBA + 0.75 mg/lBAP, and 2 mg/l IBA + 1

mg/l BAP after sterilization of explants. The cultures were incubated in a culture room at 24±2 oC with a 16-h

photoperiod under 2500 lux light irradiance.explants. The MS basal medium during the rooting stage was

supplemented with 0, 4, 6 and 8 mg/l NAA (naftalen acetici acid). The highest shoot number (5.40 number) and shoot

lenght (1.43 cm) were obtained from 1 mg/l IBA + 0.50 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l IBA + 1 mg/l BAP combination,

respectively. For rooting stage, different concentrations of NAA (0, 4, 6, and 8 mg/l) were added. 8 mg/l NAA gave the

good rooting percentege (84 %) during the rooting stage.

Key words: Morus nigra, tissue culture,nodal explant, BAP

95

(Oral Presentation)

THE ESTIMATION OF CATTLE FARMS BY THE OBSERVER

Sibel ALAPALA DEMIRHAN1*

, Ismail YIDIZ2

1Uşak University Agricultural and Natural Sciences Faculty/ Department of Animal Breeding,Uşak/ Turkey

2 Usak University of Science and Technology Institute of Animal Science, Usak/ Turkey


Abstract

It is possible to have an idea and regulation on cattle breeding with many issues. However, in order to do this, it is

necessary to have experienced and technical knowledge. Under this heading, external determinations and simple tests

will be examined. Morphological evaluations of animal feed and feed information about the ration can be commented

on. If there are circumstances that need to be corrected, the operator is notified. Pre-feed, feed order and post-feed

observations can be made in enterprises. These observations give us clues about the farmer in the enterprise. When the

enterprise is entered, the management of the feed, the general behavior of the animal, the stance and walking of the

animal: stall, stool examination and scoring are the points to be considered. In addition, body condition score is very

important. Very weak, weak, normal, lubricated, highly lubricated grouping and feeding errors should be considered.

Critical points are determined in general investigations and can be intervened accordingly. and this is returns to the

enterprise as profitable. In this study, the issues that need to be considered in the estimation of the enterprises with the

eyes of the observers are emphasized.

Key Words: Outward appearance, ration, feed management, stool examination

96

(Oral Presentation)

USE OF HERBAL DRUGS AND ESSENTIAL OILS FOR TREATMENT IN

ORGANIC FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION

Sibel ALAPALA DEMIRHAN

1, Nurettin BAĞAN

2

1Uşak University Agricultural and Natural Sciences Faculty/ Department of Animal Breeding,Usak/ Turkey

2Uşak Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Usak/Turkey.


Abstract

Organic animal production is a natural breeding system in which maintenance and feeding methods suitable for the

physiological needs of animals are implemented and animal health is protected by prioritizing alternative medication

and treatment when necessary. Increase in the number of strains resistant to antibiotic and antiparasitic drugs used in

animal husbandry, the occurrence of drug residues in animal products and their causing serious health problems in

humans consuming them led to the search for alternative herbal solutions.

Some herbal drugs and essential oils are used in our country for the treatment of internal diseases, birth and

gynecological problems, surgical diseases and parasitic diseases in farm animals. Some herbal drugs include quince

shell, hellaboms stems, barley flour, juniper branch, flaxseed, apple cider vinegar, hibiscus leaf, chamomile flower,

pine gum resin, planago leaf, oak bark, willow leaf, wheat grain, mistletoe leaf, onion body, sugar beet root, cabbage

leaf, lemon fruit, tea lea and aloe vera plant. In the current study, the parts of the natural herbal drugs used for

treatment, how they are used and where they are used are discussed.

In addition, properties of some essential oils, their effects on animals and their use in treatments are also mentioned.

These essential oils include the ones extracted from sage, juniper, bergamot, rosemary, dill, clove, pheasant‟s eye, wild

angelica, eucalyptus leaves, orange peel, centaury, cinnamon and ginger.

The current study also aims to contribute to spreading the use of natural herbal drugs instead of any synthetic drug

used for the protection of the herd health.

Key Words; Organic Animal Husbandry, Herbal Drug, Essential Oil, Treatment.


97

(Oral Presentation)

SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.) AND ITS USAGE

Nüket ALTINDAL1*

Demet ALTINDAL2

1* Department of Crop and Animal Production, Programme of Medical and Aromatic Plants, Sivasli Vocational School,

Usak University, Usak/Turkey

2Department of Crop and Animal Production, Organic Farming Programme, Fethiye Ali Sıtkı Mefharet Koçman

Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey

Corresponding E-mail address: [email protected]

Abstract

Salvia which has been considered as a medical herb since the ancient times is an odorous herb from the Salvia

officinalis species that is a member of the family Labiatea. It is native of the Mediterranean region. It was revealed in

many studies that the components of salvia were commonly used for the treatment of various diseases in traditional

medicine. Salvia officinalis has antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral effects and is stimulant to immune system so its use

as a medical and aromatic plant is important. Since salvia contains phenolic antioxidants, it has a strong antioxidant

activity. By this means salvia can be used for conditions such as; weakening of brain activities, cancer, heart diseases

and weakening of immune system etc. Although salvia has been considered and used as a medical herb from past to

present, more pharmacologic and scientific researches are needed to make certain comments about this issue.

Key Words: Antioxidant; essential; pharmaceutical; sage oil; Salvia officinalis L.


98

(Oral Presentation)

EFFECT OF SOME HEAVY METALS ON SEED GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS

OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)

Nüket ALTINDAL1*



*Corresponding E-mail address: [email protected]

Abstract

This research was conducted to define the effect of Co, Cu and Zn on germination in sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.).

For this aim concentrations were 0 (control), 10, 30 and 50 mg L-1

Co, Cu and Zn in germination stage. Except for

cobalt (Co) applications, other applications were inhibitor for shoot length and fresh and dry weight according to

control. In study, all applications at increased doses negatively affected investigated characters (germination ratio (%),

mean germination period (day), shoot and root length (cm) and fresh and dry weight (g)). Generally, Cobalt treatments

affected investigated characters less than treatments of other metals (copper and zinc). In this study, effects of all

treatments on mean germination period were insignificant. But applications extended germination period. Generally, the

highest dose of zinc (50 mg L-1) negatively affected characters and minimum values obtained from this application. As

results of this study, It was concluded that heavy metals investigated characters at different rates.

Key words: Sunflower, germination, heavy metals.


99

(Oral Presentation)

THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL MUTAGENE (ETHYL METHANESULFONATE)

TREATMENTS ON IN VITRO GROWTH OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Nüket ALTINDAL

1* Tahsin KARADOĞAN

2



2Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Field Crops Department,

Isparta, Turkey


Abstract

In this study, three potato cultivars (Agria, Marfona and Lady Olimpia) were used. Shoot tips of potato cultivars were

treated with four doses (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM) of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) at time periods (30, 60 and 90 min).

To produce plant regeneration, these shoot tips were incubated on a modified MS medium at the temperature of 22±2 oC

and 16/8 h day/night photoperiod under light conditions that were 2000-3000 lux. After one month, the morphological

observations of the regenerated plantlets from the shoot tips that received EMS treatment were recorted. In the study,

according to observed morphological observations in vitro, the plantlet height (cm), the number (number) of internode,

stem, sub branch, flake and root per plantlet varied 3.01-5.02 cm, 6.56-12.17 number, 1.00-1.44 number, 0.78-1.56

number, 6.00-14.06 number and 0.50-2.33 number, respectively. The reaction of Lady Olimpia cultivar in vitro was the

best in plantlets from shoot tips in terms of the plantlet height, the number of internode, leaf, root and sub branch. The

most possitive effective of EMS dose and time period was 100 mM and 30 min respectively in the morphological

observations in vitro soaking explants in EMS solution for 90 min negative affected the morphological characteristics.

Key words: Potato, in vitro, chemical mutagene, ethyl methanesulfonate

http://www.ohu.edu.tr/facultyofagriculturalsciences


100

(Oral Presentation)

THE EFFECT OF ETHYL METHANESULFONATE (EMS) TREATMENTS ON TUBER

GROWTH OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Nüket ALTINDAL

1* Tahsin KARADOĞAN

2



2Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Field Crops Department,

Isparta, Turkey


Abstract

In this study, Agria, Marfona and Lady Olimpia cultivars as potato cultivars and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as

chemical mutagene were used. Tuber eyes of patato cultivars were treated with 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 ve 0.6 % doses of EMS

at 60, 120, 150 and 180 min time periods. Then, seedlings from shoot primordia planted into viols were transfered to

field and morphological observations were recorted. In the study, according to observed morphological observations,

the small tuber number and yield (g) per hill, the middle tuber number and yield (g) per hill, the great tuber number and

yield (g) per hill, the total tuber number and yield (g) per hill varied 1.13-4.00 number, 18.13-176.16 g, 0.00-2.00

number, 0.00-171.33 g, 0.00-2.13 number, 0.00-425.94 g, 2.63-7.00 number and 98.46-773.39 g, respectively. In this

study, the total tuber yield in Agria cultivar was the highest in 0.2 % EMS+dipping treatment. EMS applications in

Marfona cultivar decreased the total tuber yield, the highest tuber yield was recorded in 0.6 % EMS+dipping

application. In Lady Olimpia cultivar, 0.6 % EMS+dipping, 0.2 and 0.4 %+3 hours treatments increased total tuber

yield. As results of this study, EMS treatments to tuber eyes led to variation in all clones according to cultivars.

Key words: Potato, tuber, ethyl methanesulfonate.

http://www.ohu.edu.tr/facultyofagriculturalsciences


101


STUDY OF FOREST RARE SPECIEC IN GEORGIA

Irina Tvauri*, Margalita Bachilava, Revaz Doborjginidze

Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, Agroforestry Research Division, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia


Abstract

The forests of Georgia are distinguished by the biodiversity of plants. There are many endemic, relict species, a part of

which is at high risk of extinction. A great part of the species introduced in the Red List of Georgia is not recognized by

IUCN, because fundamental studies to identify genetic status and variability of its population are not carried out. In

order to solve this problem the first steps were done to study of some rare and endangered species, endemic for

Georgia. The goal of the study was clarification of areas of rare species spread in the forest of Georgia, description of

populations, registering of important locations, conduction of morphometric researches for taxonomical specification

and for ex situ conservation - by means of establishment of a seed bank. Object of study: Georgian maple - Acer

ibericum M.Bieb, Georgian almond- Amygdalus georgica Desf. Implementation of fundamental research for the

evaluation of ecological condition of the selected species was important. Materials of herbarium and the literature

review shows the spreading area of Georgian maple - Acer ibericum M.Bieb and Georgian almond- Amygdalus

georgica Desf., is much wider then it was revealed in the presented study. On the basis of our research it was revealed

that spreading area of Amygdalus georgica is very narrow and it occurs in a small groups or in some individuals. The

range of this species is Kartli, Tbilisi surroundings and Gare Kakheti. It can be find in semi-dry ecosystems or in

plains. Acer ibericumis characterized by fragment distribution. It mainly occurs in micro groups or some individual of

different stands. The main spread area of A. ibericumis south-east part of Georgia. On the basis of statistical analysis

of morphometry data we have possibilities to compare the main descriptors of leaves of these species. A clear evidence

of differences between leaf sizes from different locations. With the aim of conseravtion of species seeds were collected

and procesed according to the standards. Seeds are stored for a short period (1-3 years) and medium (4-8 years) in the

seed bank.Their range was identified, On the basis of the research was made a map in GIS program, where are marked

locations of research species in Georgia. Habitats were studied. Morphometry characters were studied for leaves of

each species. The database was created. Seeds of these species (3-3 samples from different locations) were processed

and stored in the seed bank in the purpose of ex-situ conservation.

Key words: Acer ibericum, Amygdalus georgica., Habitat, Conservation, seed Bank.


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