brain… the final frontier…. lets go on a “fantastic voyage” blood flow metabolism...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
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Brain… The Final Frontier…
Lets go on a “Fantastic Voyage”
Blood FlowMetabolism
Permeability
Receptor Binding
Gene Expression
Neurotransmission
Transmitter Synthesis
Reuptake
With PET we can image at the site of “thinking”
15O-[H2O]18F-FDG
15O-[H2O]
11C-raclopride
(18)F-FBAU
11C-raclopride, etc
18F-FDOPA
11C-CFT
Dopaminergic synapse
OK.So what’s the problem?
What’s all this about models in PET?
Bound raclopride
Free raclopride
Plasma raclopride
‘stuck’ raclopride
Dopaminergic synapse
How can we tell which radioactivity comes from
Free tracerBound tracer
Plasma-borne tracer?
Tracer in each state has a unique temporal trajectory
Time (minutes)
trac
er c
onc
entr
atio
n
Plasma
Free
Bound
What the PET scanner sees
which is which ?
Divining the shape of each curve depends on kinetic modeling of
the data.
The modeling process
(b)
P F B
N
(c)
... )( )(
...( )(
... )()()(
5
'max
21
tFkdt
tdN
Bkdt
tdB
tFktPKdt
tdF
on
(d)
(a)
Imagine a living brain
Consider the relevant neurochemistry
Abstract the neurochemistry into a series of connected pools
Describe exchange between pools by a series of differential equations
Morris, E.D., C.J. Endres, K. Schmidt, B.T. Christian, R.F. Muzic, R.E. Fisher. Kinetic Modeling in PET. In Emission Tomography: The Fundamentals of PET and SPECT, ed. M. Wernick and N. Aarsvold. Academic Press. Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2004, pp. 499-540.
The modeling process
(b)
P F B
N
(c)
... )( )(
...( )(
... )()()(
5
'max
21
tFkdt
tdN
Bkdt
tdB
tFktPKdt
tdF
on
(d)
(a)