breast cancer awareness
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Breast Cancer Awareness and information about Breast CancerTRANSCRIPT
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October is...
Breast Cancer Awareness Month
National
Canadian Cancer Societywww.cancer.ca/Saskatchewan
February 23, 2011Breast cancer is the most frequently di-
agnosed cancer among Canadian females, affecting many thousands of women and their families each year, and causing con-cern for millions more.
Breast cancer is one of the most active areas of study today, as researchers tackle the problem from many sides. Some are working to learn more about what causes breast cancer so that one day it might be preventable. Other researchers are fi nding new and better ways to detect, diagnose and treat the disease.
The Canadian Cancer Society funds a broad range of excellent research projects every year related to breast cancer. Among
our current research:* A study developing a new way to use
magnetic resonance imaging as a simpler and pain-free tool for detecting if breast cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
* Research examining the benefi ts of metronomic chemotherapy – a new ap-proach to treatment where patients are given lower doses of anti-cancer drugs over prolonged periods of time without a break. The goal of this research is to im-prove the effectiveness of the drugs while reducing their side effects.
* A study of the presence and position-ing of a special molecule on breast cancer cells that, when present, can contribute to the spread of the disease. This study could lead to new treatments for breast cancer.
Breast cancer research
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In recent years many leading health organizations have advised that all women age 40 and up have an annual mammogram or be tested every two years for the presence of breast cancer. Women with a higher risk for the disease may have been told to get bi-annual mammograms. There are some people who feel that this blanket recommendation is ill-advised.
Roughly 15 years ago, mammo-grams were only recommended for women age 50 and older and then only every 3 years. However, new fi ndings and higher incidences of breast cancer in women in their 40s has prompted the switch in screening recommendations. Is the switch safe and adviseable? Some professionals say no.
Mammograms remain a viable way to detect breast cancer in the body, but others say that MRIs and other imaging are more effective, albeit more expensive. A 2004 Cana-dian study reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association concluded that MRIs were more sen-sitive and more specifi c in detecting
small breast cancers than mammo-grams, ultrasounds or clinical breast exams. The study found that screen-ing by MRI detected 79.5 percent of invasive breast cancer, compared to only 33.3 percent by mammography.
Some also argue that the radiation present during mammograms may contribute to gene mutations that can contribute to cancer itself.
In 1992, a Canadian National Breast Screening Study found that women in their 40s are actually more likely to die of breast cancer after they receive a decade of annual mammo-grams than women who do not start getting mammograms until after age 50.
The American College of Physi-cians, which represents 120,000 inter-nists, issued new guidelines in 2007 that urge women in their 40s to con-sult with their doctors about whether to have a mammogram, saying the benefi ts for younger women are less clear. Screening also carries the risk of radiation exposure, unnecessary biopsies, surgery, and maybe chemo-therapy.
Furthermore, large population
studies in Denmark and Canada have revealed that the death rates from breast cancer in women taking regular mammo-grams and women who have never had mammo-grams are identical. This could be because mammo-grams in themselves can be dangerous or because some-times mammograms do not detect all cancers and can leave a woman with a false sense of secu-rity that she is cancer-free.
Women should not take their de-cision to get a mammogram lightly. Mammograms are often seen as preventative care, but it is im-portant to realize that radiation is at play in mammogram im-aging and to recognize the potential risks. A woman in her 40s may want to talk with a doctor about other screening op-tions, including being more vigilant with self-examinations.
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Mammography benefi ts questioned
Being loved and feeling loved can help prevent a re-currence of cancer and reduce
fatality rates among those bat-tling the disease, offers a new
study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
A strong social support system can play a large role in how people
diagnosed with cancer manage the disease. Those with emotionally
satisfying relationships may have prolonged life expectancy or
even ward off a relapse of can-cer later on.
The study was conduct-ed by Vanderbilt Univer-
sity Medical Center and the Shanghai Insti-
tute of Preventative Medicine over the last eight years. Re-searchers worked
with patients en-rolled in the Shang-
hai Breast Cancer Survivor Study who completed a quality of life survey after six months of being diagnosed with cancer. The majority of patients com-pleted a follow-up survey 30 months later. Responses on different physical issues were calculated into a general quality of life score.
Roughly fi ve years later, research-ers documented participants who had cancer recurrences or had died from the disease. Compared to women with low scores, women who had the highest quality of life score had a 48 percent reduction in another cancer occurrence and a 38 percent reduction in the risk of death.
The fi ndings of the study indicate that strong emotional and social sup-port early after a diagnosis of breast cancer can be a strong ally in a wom-an or man’s fi ght with the disease. Oncologists and therapists can use these study results to help develop a support network for breast cancer
patients as part of the course of treat-ment for the disease. Such social sup-port is especially important in the fi rst year after a cancer diagnosis. Marital satisfaction is also a key factor in the quality of life a person with breast cancer may have.
Should a person be diagnosed with breast cancer, there are a number of things he or she can do to improve the support network.
* Spend considerable time talk-ing and sharing moments with your spouse and children.
* Surround yourself with positive minded people.
* Connect with breast cancer sur-vivors through a local organization in the community or online.
* Participate in events designed to raise money and awareness for the fi ght against breast cancer.
* Accept help and support from others when it is needed.
* Consider psychological counsel-
ing if an added boost is needed.* Share your experiences with oth-
ers who may be in similar situations.* Volunteer your time doing some-
thing that has nothing to do with the disease, like a club or activity.
TF118144
Social support cuts breast cancer deaths by almost half
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Though it most often occurs in women, breast cancer can affect men as well. According to the Ameri-can Cancer Society, breast cancer is roughly 100 times less common among men than among women, but roughly 1,900 new cases of invasive breast cancer are diagnosed among men in the U.S. every year.
Though men are less likely to get breast cancer than other cancers, it still helps to understand certain as-pects of the disease that can help less-en their risk and prepare them should they or a loved one be diagnosed.
Risk FactorsWhen it comes to risk factors for
breast cancer, men might have sev-eral risk factors but never develop the disease. Other men might have none of the risk factors but still de-velop breast cancer. Perhaps most puzzling, even if a man is diagnosed with breast cancer, doctors still can’t be certain what exactly was the cause, even if the man has one ore more of the risk factors associated with the disease. Similar to female breast can-cer, many of the risks associated with
male breast cancer are related to hor-mone levels.
* Age: A man’s risk of breast can-cer increases as he ages, and the ACS notes the average age of diagnosis is 68.
* Inherited gene mutations: A mu-tation in the BRCA2 gene accounts for roughly 10 percent of all breast cancers in men. While mutations in the BRCA1 gene can also cause breast cancer in men, the risk factor is far less. In addition, mutations in the CHEK2 and PTEN genes can also in-crease a man’s risk for breast cancer.
* Estrogen treatment: Men with prostate cancer sometimes receive hormonal therapy that includes es-trogen-related drugs. This can in-crease the risk of male breast cancer, but the ACS notes that risk is small compared to the benefi ts such treat-ments produce in slowing the growth of prostate cancer.
* Klinefelter syndrome: Men with Klinefelter syndrome, a congenital condition affecting roughly 1 in 1,000 men, have lower levels of androgens, or male hormones, and higher levels
of estrogens, or female hormones, than most men. Some studies have found that men with Klinefelter syn-drome are more likely to get breast cancer than other men, though both conditions are so uncommon that more research is needed to determine a more concrete link between the two.
* Heavy alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption in-creases a man’s risk for breast cancer. That’s likely because of alcohol’s ef-fect on the liver, which plays a role in sex hormone metabolism. Men who abuse alcohol are much more likely to develop cirrhosis, and men who have cirrhosis commonly have high-er estrogen levels because the liver is less capable of controlling hormonal activity.
Cause of Male Breast CancerThe aforementioned risk factors
can increase a man’s risk of develop-ing breast cancer. However, the cause of most breast cancers in men remains unknown.
Male Breast Cancer PreventionPreventing male breast cancer can
be diffi cult because there is no known cause. However, men who maintain a healthy weight and a healthy life-style are less likely to develop the dis-ease. Maintaining an ideal body and restricting alcohol consumption are two steps all men should take to pre-vent breast cancer and other diseases as well.
Self-examination can also play a role in preventing male breast can-cer. Men should never ignore a breast lump, as, similar to female breast cancer, male breast cancer can mani-fest itself in a lump on a man’s breast. Men are often diagnosed with breast cancer much later than women, which could very well be because men are less likely to look for breast cancer than women. Should anything suspi-cious appear, men should report it to their physician immediately, as early detection improves the chances that male breast cancer can be treated suc-cessfully.
Men can fi nd more information about male breast cancer at www.cancer.org.
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Breast cancer affects men, too